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Mature cystic teratoma of the ovary is the most common type of germ cell tumor. It constitutes approximately 20% of all ovarian neoplasms. As a rare occurrence, however, several types of benign and malignant tumours developing secondarily in dermoid cysts have been reported. Those of central nervous origin are almost exclusively gliomas of astrocytic, ependymal or oligodendroglial lineage. Choroid plexus tumors are unusual intracranial tumors which comprised of only 0.4?0.6% of all brain tumors. These are neuroectodermal in origin and similar in structure to a normal choroid plexus in the form of multiple papillary fronds mounted on a well vascularized connective tissue stroma. The present case report highlights the presence of a choroid plexus tumor in a mature cystic teratoma of the ovary in a 27?year?old woman who came for safe confinement and cesarean section.
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Background: Provisional Prosthesis in fixed partial dentures are subjected to Flexure under stress. Selection of appropriate material for fabrication of Provisional is of utmost importance as the Provisional prosthesis has to remain in function till definitive prosthesis is delivered. Material & Methods: Bar type specimens of four different commercially available brands for provisional restorations fabricated according to ADA specification No. 27 and immersed in artificial saliva. The specimens were fractured under 3-point loading test. Results: The flexural strength ranged between 60 to 110 Mpa. BisGMA Auto polymerizing composite resin from Dentsply Caulk shows the highest flexural strength. Conclusion: Within the limitations of this study, the flexural strengths were material specific rather than category one. The BisGMA composite based resin shows significantly higher flexural strength over other materials
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Background & objectives: Sepsis, including neonatal sepsis, remains a prevalent cause of morbidity and mortality in low- and middle-income countries such as India, representing 85 per cent of all sepsis-related deaths globally. Early diagnosis and timely initiation of treatment is challenging due to non-specific clinical manifestations and non-availability of rapid diagnostic tests. There is an urgent need for affordable diagnostics with fast turnaround time catering to the needs of end-users. Target product profiles (TPPs) have been found instrumental in developing ‘fit-for-use’ diagnostics, thus reducing the time taken to facilitate development and improving diagnosis. Hitherto, no such guidance or criteria has been defined for rapid diagnostics for sepsis/neonatal sepsis. We propose an innovative approach for developing the diagnostics for sepsis screening and diagnosis which can be utilized by diagnostic developers in the country. Methods: Three-round Delphi method, including two online surveys and one virtual consultation, was adopted to define criteria for minimum and optimum attributes of TPPs and build consensus on characteristics. Expert panel (n=23) included infectious disease physicians, public health specialists, clinical microbiologists, virologists, researchers/scientists and technology experts/innovators. Results: We present a three-component product profile for sepsis diagnosis, (i) screening with high sensitivity, (ii) detection of aetiological agent, and (iii) profiling of antimicrobial susceptibility/resistance, in adults and neonates with an option of testing different considerations. An agreement of >75 per cent was achieved for all TPP characteristics by Delphi. These TPPs are tailored to the Indian healthcare settings and can also be extrapolated to other resource-constraint and high-disease burden settings.
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India is a heliophobic country; despite ample sunshine, almost 490 million people are vitamin D deficient in the country. Additionally, the Indian diet has not been successful in providing the daily need for vitamin D, leading to a vitamin D deficiency. The need to fortifying food with vitamin D has been raised several times. Besides, there have been discussions about whether vitamin D is a hormone or a vitamin? In this review, the authors have reviewed vitamin D deficiency and its status in India, assessment and screening, the role of vitamin D in various disease conditions, dosage recommendation and regimen.
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Background: The color stability of commercially available denture base acrylic resins (Lucitone-199, DPI and Travelon-HI) was studied in vitro. Material & Methods: The specimens were exposed to tea, coffee and turmeric solutions at 37 ± 1 °C. Colour measurement of the specimens from each brand of denture base acrylic resin recorded by spectrophotometer. The specimens were washed under distilled water and dried before measuring the colour on 0, 10, 20 and 30 days of immersion and color differences were calculated. Results: Statistically the colour change was significant between and within the groups of different heat cure denture base acrylic resins. Conclusion: Where as Lucitone-199 heat cure showed the highest colour variation in tea and coffee followed by DPI and Travelon-HI.
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Objectives : To study the biometric measurements of the submandibular salivary gland in the Indian population using Computed Tomography. Materials and Methods : From the available database, 300 patients who have undergone Computed Tomography without any salivary gland disease, the CT scans were retrospectively evaluated. The CT scans were obtained with TOSHIBA Activion 16 slice CT machine. The antero-posterior, transverse and cranio-caudal dimensions of bilateral submandibular salivary glands were measured in the axial, coronal and sagittal planes. Results : The mean CT measurements of the patients included was 2.0 ± 0.38 cm in Antero-posterior, 2.1 ± 0.31 cm in Transverse and 2.90 ± 0.27 cm in Cranio-caudal dimensions. The average volume of the submandibular gland was 6.68 ± 0.21 cc.
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Breast milk is the prime source of nourishment and immunity of the baby. Stanya Kshaya, which appears to be a fairly simple ailment but is really problematic for children's health, is one of the problems of present era. Lactation insufficiency is 30–40% prevalent in Asian and tropical nations like India. In Ayurveda certain herbs are specifically indicated for increasing breast milk and Acharya Charaka has described Stanya-janana Mahakashaya for it. Few explorations have been conducted regarding above, but no one has covered all aspects comprehensively thus this paper aim to collect and comprehensive review information available regarding concept of Stanya, its Kshaya and role of Stanya-janana Mahakashaya in its management. Methodology: This review is in a narrative format and done from literature and publications relevant to Stanya Kshaya and role of Stanya-janana Mahakashaya. Results: Stanya has been described in detail along with opinion of various Acharyas, Stanya sampata and the reasons for Stanyakshya mentioned then finally role of Stanya-janana Mahakashaya of Acharya Charaka which includes 10 herbs as- Veerana, Shali, Shasthik, Ekshuvalika, Darbha, Kusha, Kaasha, Gundra, Ithkata, Katruna. Drugs in this Kashaya help in increasing quantity of milk. Discussion: Stanya-janana Mahakashaya has active principles which increase quantity of milk, so can be used in Stanya Kshaya and leads to healthy Stanya.
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The state Uttarakhand is rich with floral and faunal diversity including plants used by local inhabitance to cure health problems. Himalayan region always has been the treasure of herbs from ancient time. Himalayan herbs are highest in quality and potency. There are numbers of side effect are noted using allopathic medicines which leads towards reuse of medicinal plants available locally. Keeping this in view an attempt has been made to enumerate the common medicinal plants used in traditional therapeutic system of Uttarakhand, India. Results reveal that 29 plant species are used for primary healthcare. Purnagiri hills located in Champavat district of Uttarakhand is reservoir for a large number of medicinal herbs during the field survey large number of medicinal plants like Adina cordifolia (Roxb.) Hook. (Rubiaceae), Asparagus adscendence Roxb. (Liliaceae), Artemesia nilgirica (Clarke) Pamp. (Asteraceae), Berberis aristata DC. (Berberiridaceae), Colebrookea oppositefolia Sm. (Lamiaceae), Elephantopus scaber L (Asreraceae), Pinus longifolia Roxb. (Pinaceae), Tamarix gallica L. (Tamaraceae), Urtica dioica L. (Urtecaceae) and many more with their use in local health traditions by local habitants were recorded. One of the serious challenges to biodiversity and ecological functioning is climate change. Climate change and global warming are well known issue that has had an impact on the biodiversity. Second thing over exploitation of Himalayan forest leads these valuable herbs in endangered category. Some of the plants recorded are critically endangered and rare. We have to pay attention towards the conservation, cultivation of these herbs.
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India is a heliophobic country; despite ample sunshine, almost 490 million people are vitamin D deficient in the country. Additionally, the Indian diet has not been successful in providing the daily need for vitamin D, leading to a vitamin D deficiency. The need to fortifying food with vitamin D has been raised several times. Besides, there have been discussions about whether vitamin D is a hormone or a vitamin? In this review, the authors have reviewed vitamin D deficiency and its status in India, assessment and screening, the role of vitamin D in various disease conditions, dosage recommendation and regimen.
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Health care in India is undergoing a rapid change from its historical focus on acute disease management to a focus more on chronic and continuous care-based model for noncommunicable disorders. Health technology could be a game changer as it has a potential to optimize costs and effectively manage such operations. IT solutions are likely to become an integral part of process management, patient care and the hospital management information system in future. This brief communication describes the key enablers and limitations of using health technology in chronic diseases in developing countries like India.
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Surgical site infection is more prevalent in open gastrointestinal surgery which will affect hospital stay and morbidity and mortality of patients.In our study,we are comparing the factors which will directly or indirectly causes SSI.By knowing the factors which causing SSI,We can decreases the incidence of surgical site infection.
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Middle aged women presented with non-healing ulcer over foot following trivial injury. She was not having any comorbid condition. Investigations revealed APLA Syndrome with triple antibodies positive (Lupus anticoagulant, Anticardiolipin antibody and anti B2-glycoprotein antibodies). Patient responded well with anti-platelet and skin grafting at local site.
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Purpose: This introductory study aims to analyze the association of serum vitamin D3 levels with recently detected myopia in Indian children following home confinement post?COVID?19 pandemic. Methods: Children aged 5–15 years who had not attended physical school in the past 1 year and visited the ophthalmology department with various ocular symptoms were divided into two groups: the myopic group with recently detected myopia and the non?myopic group with ocular ailments other than myopia. All children underwent basic ophthalmic evaluation and a general physical examination. Blood samples were collected for serum vitamin D3 levels. A pretested questionnaire inquiring about the duration of exposure to a digital screen, outdoor activities, and socioeconomic status was filled out for all children. Results: The mean serum vitamin D3 level in the myopic group was 28.17 ± 15.02 ng/dl in comparison to 45.36 ± 17.56 ng/dl in the non?myopic group (P value < 0.05). Linear regression of the data establishes that myopia is associated with hypovitaminosis D3 (OR? 13.12, 95% CI 2.90–50.32, a P value of 0.001). The correlation between spherical equivalent and vitamin D3 levels was significant (Pearson correlation value: 0.661). In the myopic group, 63.3% of children had screen use >6 hours against 43.3% of children in the non?myopic group. In the myopic group, 33.3% of the children had an outdoor activity duration of <2 hours against 6.6% of children in the non?myopic group. Conclusion: This study proposes hypovitaminosis D3 as a strong factor associated with the development of myopia in children. Although it is a preliminary study, it suggests that the trial for vitamin D3 supplementation in young children to delay or cease the development of myopia is warranted.
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This communication conceptualizes, defines and describes glucometric guardianship, as a means of ensuring optimal glycemic management. We define glucometric guardianship as the process of ensuring appropriate measurement, monitoring and analysis of glucose levels, so as to ensure alertness in glycemic management, and agility in anticipating and detecting suboptimal glycemic parameters, and responding to them. This paper hopes to draw attention to the need for glucometric science, encourage debate and discussion and facilitate research on the topic.
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Background: The National Program for the HealthCare of the Elderly (NPHCE) was adopted by the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare in 2010 to provide promotional, preventive, curative, and rehabilitative health-care services for the fast-growing older population in India. As literature about the assessment of NPHCE is lacking, the present study was conducted to perform a strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT) analysis of the program. Methods: The SWOT of the NPHCE program is analyzed using available literature and relevant documents. Results: Although this program embraces strategies to provide specialized training and services at primary health center, community health center, and district levels, including dedicated bedded wards, equipment, consumables, and pharmaceuticals but home-based care for the elderly, and the role of caregivers is overlooked in this program. NPHCE program can utilize the framework and take support of various ongoing healthy aging initiatives of international agencies to augment the health-care strategies for the elderly in India. Integrating schemes developed by the government for the upliftment of the elderly and the inclusion of traditional medicine systems in the program can serve as an opportunity for meeting unmet needs and improving the quality of life and well-being of the elderly. However, the growing elderly population, rise in nuclear families, and dual disease burden are significant threats to the program’s implementation. Conclusion: This program can be more effective in providing comprehensive health care to the elderly if more emphasis is given to community participation, home‑based care, and integrating digital health technologies and other existing welfare schemes.
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PURPOSE@#Long proximal femoral nail anti-rotation (PFNA-II) is a preferred implant in recent years for fixation of pertrochanteric fractures, especially in osteoporotic patients. The purpose of this study is to prospectively investigate the effect of distal locking in long PFNA-II fixation of stable intertrochanteric fractures.@*METHODS@#A total of 58 patients with isolated stable intertrochanteric fractures and treated in our hospital during the study period of 2017-2019 by distal locked or unlocked long PFNA-II fixation were included in this study. Patients who had multiple injuries or open fractures were excluded. There were 40 female and 18 male patients, with 33 affecting the left side and 25 the right side. Of them, 31 belonged to the distal locked group (group A) and 27 to the unlocked group (group B). Surgical procedures and implants used in both groups were similar except for the distal locking of the nails. General data (age, gender, fracture side, etc.) showed no significant difference between two groups (all p > 0.05). The intraoperative parameters like operative time, radiation exposure and follow-up parameters like functional and radiological outcomes were recorded and compared. Statistical tests like the independent samples t-test Fischer's exact and Chi-square test were used to analyze association.@*RESULTS@#The distribution of the fractures according to AO/OTA classification and 31A1.2 type of intertrochanteric fractures were most common in our study. All the included fractures united and the average functional outcome in both groups were good and comparable at the end of one year. The operative time (mL, 107.1 ± 12.6 vs. 77.0 ± 12.0, p < 0.001) and radiation exposure (s, 78.6 ± 11.0 vs. 40.3 ± 9.3, p < 0.001) were significantly less among the patients in group B. Fracture consolidation, three months after the operative procedures, was seen in a significantly greater proportion of patients in group B (92.6% vs. 67.7%, p = 0.025). Hardware irritation because of distal locking bolt was exclusively seen in group A, however this was not statistically significant (p = 0.241).@*CONCLUSION@#We conclude that, in fixation of stable intertrochanteric fractures by long PFNA-II nail, distal locking not only increases the operative time and radiation exposure but also delays the fracture consolidation and increases the chances of hardware irritation, and hence is not required.
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Humans , Male , Female , Fracture Fixation, Intramedullary/methods , Bone Nails , Treatment Outcome , Retrospective Studies , Hip Fractures/etiology , Femoral Fractures/etiologyABSTRACT
PURPOSE@#Intramedullary interlocking nailing is one of the accepted methods of treating humerus diaphyseal fractures. Appropriate nail length and diameter are of paramount importance to achieve a stable fracture fixation. Estimating the nail length can be as challenging in certain cases as it is important. This study aims to provide an easy-to-use formula utilizing clinical measurements from contra lateral arm to accurately estimate humeral nail length.@*METHODS@#This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at 3 tertiary care hospitals in Mangalore, India. Patients above the age of 18 years coming to the outpatient department with elbow, shoulder or arm complaints requiring radiological investigation from July 2021 to July 2022 were included. Patients with fractures or dislocations of upper limbs, malunited or non-united fractures of upper limbs, congenital or developmental deformities and patients with open growth plates were excluded. Patients' variables (like age and gender), radiological humerus length and contralateral arm clinical measurements were recorded. An independent samples t-test was used for univariate analysis, and linear regression analysis was done to estimate the desired nail length using the clinical measurement of the humerus (cm) in both genders separately. The significance level was set at p < 0.05.@*RESULTS@#Our study included 204 participants of which 108 were male and 96 were female. The formula for predicting humeral nail length in males is (-2.029) + (0.883 × clinical measurement). The formula for females is 1.862 + (0.741 × clinical measurement). A simplified formula to determine humeral nail length is 0.9 clinical length - 2 cm (in males) and 0.7 × clinical length + 2 cm (in females).@*CONCLUSION@#To improve the stability of fixation with intramedullary nails it is imperative to select the appropriate nail length. There have been studies that devised reliable methods of determining nail lengths in the tibia and femur using preoperative clinical measurements. A similar clinical method of determining humeral nail length is lacking in the literature. Our study was able to correlate radiological lengths of the humerus medullary canal with clinical measurements performed using anatomical landmarks to arrive at a formula. This allows for a reliable and easy nail length determination preoperatively.
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Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Cross-Sectional Studies , Bone Nails , Humerus/surgery , Fracture Fixation, Intramedullary/methods , Humeral Fractures/surgery , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
Emerging therapies based on localized delivery of siRNA to lungs have opened up exciting possibilities for treatment of different lung diseases. Localized delivery of siRNA to lungs has shown to result in severalfold higher lung accumulation than systemic route, while minimizing non-specific distribution in other organs. However, to date, only 2 clinical trials have explored localized delivery of siRNA for pulmonary diseases. Here we systematically reviewed recent advances in the field of pulmonary delivery of siRNA using non-viral approaches. We firstly introduce the routes of local administration and analyze the anatomical and physiological barriers towards effective local delivery of siRNA in lungs. We then discuss current progress in pulmonary delivery of siRNA for respiratory tract infections, chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases, acute lung injury, and lung cancer, list outstanding questions, and highlight directions for future research. We expect this review to provide a comprehensive understanding of current advances in pulmonary delivery of siRNA.
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Abstract In an attempt to improvise the analgesia in patients with femoral fractures, we aimed at depositing local anesthetic deep to anterior psoas fascia (APf) under ultrasound (US) guidance to block lumbar plexus elements which emerge lateral, anterior, and medial to the psoas major muscle. We termed this as circumpsoas block (CPB). Clinical and computed tomography contrast studies revealed that a continuous CPB infusion with a catheter provided a reliable block of the lumbar plexus elements. No adverse were events noted. We conclude that US guided CPB is a reliable technique for managing postoperative pain after surgery of femur fractures.
Subject(s)
Pain, Postoperative , Femur , Hip Fractures , Lumbosacral Plexus , Ultrasonography , Acute Pain , Anesthesia, ConductionABSTRACT
Purpose: To assess vision?related quality of life (VrQoL) in cases with visual loss after ocular trauma (OT) or non?traumatic ocular disease (NTOD) using the National Eye Institute’s 25?Item Visual Function Questionnaire 25 (VFQ?25) and its association with visual disability % (VD%) based on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (RPwD) Act, 2016. Methods: This was a prospective observational study conducted among cases with ocular morbidity in either or both eyes with a visual acuity of ?6/24. VFQ?25 questionnaire was administered to measure QoL scores. Statistical analysis was done using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 23. P < 0.05 was taken as significant. Results: Eighty-eight respondents completed the questionnaire. Mean age of participants was 40.272 ± 9.35 years (range: 23–55 years). Forty?three (48.9%) and 45 (51.1%) participants had OT and NTOD, respectively. The most common cause was traumatic optic neuropathy (21.6%) followed by corneal causes (19.4%). Low visual QoL scores were reported in all the cases (57.52 ± 16.08). Between OT and NTOD, a significant difference in terms of age (P = 0.001) and general vision (P = 0.03) was seen. Lowest scores were for driving. Based on VD%, 77 cases had ?40 and the rest had >40% VD with a significant difference in overall mean scores (P = 0.03), specifically in domains of general vision (P = 0.00), near activities (P = 0.00), and driving (P = 0.007). QoL was decreased in each subscale of ?40%VD group, who faced the same predicament everywhere as by the cases with more disability. Conclusion: Ocular morbidity is associated with low QoL, predominantly in domains like general vision, near activities and driving. The RPwD Act leaves out a huge population with VD without any government benefits. One might need to consider other vision?related factors also to provide them with social, psychological, and employment benefits.