ABSTRACT
Total flavones of Abelmoschus manihot L. Medic [TFA] is the major active component isolated from Chinese herb Abelmoschus manihot L. Medic. TFA has shown neuroprotective effect against cerebral ischemia injury in rats and rabbits. However, the effects of TFA on hind-limb ischemia and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Therefore, in the present study, we used a rat hind-limb ischemia model to investigate protective effect of TFA against limb ischemia injury. The rat model of hind-limb ischemia was established. Treatment groups received TFA at two different doses [160 and 40mg/kg] daily for 10 days. Sham operated control group and model group received saline. At the end the rats were sacrificed, hindlimb tissues were stained with Haematoxylin-Eosin and Masson's trichrome. RNA and protein were extracted from tissues for PCR and Western blot analysis. The results showed that TFA reduced lower limb ischemic injury, recovered tissue volume and diminished fibrosis and muscle degeneration. Mechanistically, we showed that TFA increased the expression of anti-apoptotic factor such as Bcl-2 and survivin, decreased the expression of pro-apoptotic factor such as Caspase 3, Bax and Bak and inhibited the activation of caspase 3 and 9. In summary, this study proves new evidence that TFA protects hind-limb against ischemia injury by inhibiting apoptosis and could be a promising therapeutic agent for acute lower extremity ischemia
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND:Astragalus or olfactory ensheathing cell(OECs)transplantation alone can promote survival of various neurons and functional improvement of injured spinal cord.The clinical effect of astragalus in combination with OECs transplantation remains unclear.OBJECTIVE:To observe the effect of astragalus on the proliferation of OECs and the secretion of neurotrophic factors.METHODS:OECs of SD rats,24 hours old,were isolated and cultured,and identified by immunohistochemistry.OECs at culture day 8 were seeded in polylysine-coated 96-well plate and incubated in 5% CO2 at 37℃ for 24 hours,followed by 2 mg/L,20 mg/L,200 mg/L,2 g/L,20 g/L astragalus injection for 24 hours.MTT and flow cytometry were used to assess the effects of astragalus in promoting OECs proliferation;enzyme linked immunoassay(ELISA)was used to measure the content of neurotrophic factors.Serum culture medium was served as negative control.RESULTS AND METHODS:Compared with the negative control group,2 and 20 mg/L astragalus injection significantly promoted OECs proliferation(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).The result of flow cytometry showed that astragalus could promote OECs in G1 stage and reduce the percentage of cells in S and G2 stages,but the difference was not significant(P＞0.05).However,astragatus injection at each mass concentration significantly reduced the number of OECs(P＜0.05).Moreover,2 mg/L astragalus injection significantly promoted in vitro neurotrephic factor levels in OECs.Results show that astragalus injection in combination with OECs can promote recovery of spinal cord injury.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To introduce the present research situation of treating spinal cord injury using olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs) transplantation from the aspects of biological characteristics, culture, purify of OECs and its application.DATA SOURCES: PubMed database and Chinese Journal Full-text Database were retrieved with key words of "olfactory ensheathing cells, spinal cord injury" from 2000 to 2009. DATA SELECTION: Inclusion criteria: ①The literature was closely associated with OECs and spinal cord injury. ②Literatures about the same circle published in the near future or on the authoritative journals. Exclusion criteria: ①Repetitive study. ②Meta analysis.RESULTS: OECs has similar characteristics to Schwann cells and astrocytes. At present, the research about OECs includes axonal regeneration, cellular replacement, demyelinating prevention and so on. Furthermore, some clinical experiment had been carried on. However, some difficulties exist in clinical trials, such as transplantation dose of OECs, activity of cell factor and transplant risk. We need to do further study on OECs transplantation and more follow up after cells graft. Some research had tried to transplant with gene transfer cells, and satisfactory results were obtained.CONCLUSION: With the development of genetic engineering and research of OECs transplantation, OECs transplantation must bring more hope to patients with spinal cord injury.