Effect of atropine sulfate ointments and gels on the intraocular pressure of rabbit's eye

Atropine sulfate has been formulated in ointments and gels using absorption base, hydrocarbon base, water soluble base, polyvinylpyrrolidone gel and sodium carboxymethylcellulose gel. The release behaviour of the drug and the effect on intraocular pressure of rabbit's eye have been estimated. The results revealed that, the release of atropine sulfate was in the following order, polyvinylpyrrolidone gel > polyethylene glycol > sodium carboxymethylcellulose gel > lanolin-petrolatum > hydrocarbon base. However the maximum effect of drug on intraocular pressure was maintained within three hours in the following order, sodium carboxymethylcellulose gel < hydrocarbon base < polyethylene glycol base < polyvinylpyrrolidone gel < lanolin-petrolatum base

Effect of vehicle composition on bioavailability of atropine sulfate in rabbit's eyes

The effects of vehicle composition on ocular disposition of atropine sulfate was studied using different ophthalmic drops, ointments and gels on rabbit's eyes. The bioavailability of the drug in eye tissues showed that, their distribution were greatly affected by the type of the vehicle. In addition, the uptake by different eye tissues was variable. The peak time of atropine sulfate was found to be 2 hours for ophthalmic drops and 3 hours in case of ointments and gels. The total bioavailability of atropine sulfate in eye tissues of rabbit and aqueous humor after 2 hours were 4350,4010 and 3675 ugm/gm using NaCMC, PVP and PEG ophthalmic drops. While that from ointments and gels after 3 hours were 4355, 4320, 4255 and 4205 ugm/gm for PVP gel, PEG base, hydrocarbon base and NaCMC gel respectively