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1.
Med. lab ; 20(9-10): 441-452, 2014. tab, ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-834830

ABSTRACT

Introducción: Bacillus cereus es una bacteria contaminante de alimentos y patógena en humanos, cuya toxina emética o cereúlida (Ces) causa el síndrome emético y las enterotoxinas hemolítica o hemolisina BL (Hbl), no hemolítica (Nhe) y citotoxina K (CytK), el síndrome diarreico. Objetivo: Determinar la presencia de genes toxigénicos de Bacillus cereus en muestras de ADN obtenido directamente de fécula de maíz y de harina de trigo, mediante reacción en cadena de la polimerasa múltiple. Materiales y métodos: Se determinaron los genes toxigénicos de Bacillus cereus en muestras de ADN extraído directamente de fécula de maíz y harina de trigo, utilizando una reacción en cadena de la polimerasa múltiple específica para los genes cesB, hblC, nheA y cytK. Resultados: De 76 muestras de fécula de maíz, el 60,5% presentó los genes toxigénicos de Bacillus cereus, que fueron agrupados en seis consorcios: I: hblC, cytK (30,4%), II: nheA, hblC, cytK (21,7%), III: hblC (19,6%), IV: nheA (15,2%), V: nheA, hblC (10,9%), VI: nheA, hblC, cytK, cesB (2,2%). De 79 muestras de harina de trigo, el 65,8% presentó los genes toxigénicos de Bacillus cereus, que se agruparon en cuatro consorcios: I: nheA, hblC, cytK (80,8%), II: hblC, cytK (11,5%), III: hblC (5,8%), IV: nheA, hblC (1,9%)...


Introduction: Bacillus cereus is a human pathogen that causes two kinds of foodborne diseases, the emetic syndrome caused by emetic toxin or cereulide (Ces), and the diarrheal syndrome caused by three different enterotoxins, the hemolytic enterotoxin or hemolysin BL (Hbl), the nonhemolytic enterotoxin (Nhe) and the cytotoxin K (CytK). Objective: To determine the presence of toxigenic genes of Bacillus cereus in DNA samples directly obtained from corn starch and wheat flour using multiplex polymerase chain reaction. Material and methods: The presence of toxigenic genes of Bacillus cereus were determinedin DNA samples directly extracted from corn starch and wheat flour, using a multiplex polymerase chain reaction technique specific for cesB, hblC, nheA and cytK genes. Results: From a total of 76 corn starch samples, 60.5% had toxigenic genes of Bacillus cereus and were grouped in six consortia: I: hblC, cytK (30.4%), II: nheA, hblC, cytK (21.7%), III: hblC (19.6%), IV: nheA (15.2%), V: nheA, hblC (10.9%) and VI: nheA, hblC, cytK, cesB (2.2%). From 79 wheat flour samples tested, 65.8% had toxigenic genes of Bacillus cereus and were grouped into four consortia: I: nheA, hblC, cytK (80.8%), II: hblC, cytK (11.5%), III: hblC (5.8%) and IV: nheA, hblC (1.9%)...


Subject(s)
Humans , Bacillus cereus , Enterotoxins , Food Inspection , Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction
2.
Salud UNINORTE ; 27(1): 36-48, ene.-jun. 2011. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: lil-637278

ABSTRACT

Resumen Objetivos: Evaluar diferentes tratamientos de preservación de especímenes Anopheles albimanus para conocer su utilidad para conservar la cantidad y calidad del ADN que permita su análisis en estudios moleculares posteriores. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó un estudio comparativo experimental con tres bloques de tratamientos de preservación: sílica gel, etanol y congelación; los dos últimos bloques se dividieron en dos niveles cada uno: etanol absoluto, etanol al 70% y congelación a -20°C, congelación a -80°C respectivamente. El bloque control estuvo conformado por especímenes frescos sin tratamiento de preservación. Se extrajo el ADN de cada espécimen, se cuantificó por espectrofotometría y se amplifico el espaciador interno transcrito 2 (ITS2) mediante PCR. Se realizó un análisis comparativo entre bloques de tratamiento usando la frecuencia de amplificación de ITS2. Resultados: Se obtuvo la amplificación de ITS2 de todos los especímenes sin preservación previa, del 60% de los preservados en sílica gel y del 20% de los preservados en congelación a -80°C y en etanol al 70%. Se halló diferencia estadísticamente significativa (p<0,05) entre las proporciones de amplificación observadas. No se obtuvo amplificación de los especímenes preservados en congelación a -20°C y no se observó una correlación por regresión logística (p>0,05) entre el índice DO260/DO280 y la concentración de ADN de los especímenes que presentaron amplificación de ITS2. Conclusiones: Los datos sugieren que la conservación en sílica gel o la congelación que se vayan a -80°C pueden ser las mejores condiciones para la preservación de especímenes Anopheles a utilizar en estudios moleculares posteriores.


Abstract Introduction: Various methodologies have been reported for long term specimen preservation, which protect the DNA from degradation allowing its posterior analysis in molecular studies. However, the effectiveness of the preservation methods may vary among insect groups; therefore, it is convenient to determine the preservation method to be used with a particular group before performing molecular studies with a large number of specimens. Objetives: An experimental comparative study was conducted to evaluate different preservation treatments for Anopheles albimanus, to know their utility in conserving the quantity and quality of DNA to be used in subsequent molecular studies. Methods: DNA was extracted from each specimen, it was then quantified by spectrophotometer and the Internal Transcribed Spacer 2 (ITS2) was amplified by PCR. Results: ITS2 amplification was obtained in all specimens without previous preservation, in 60% of those preserved in sílica gel and in 20% of those preserved at -80°C and in 70% ethanol. A significant difference (p<0.05) was found between amplification proportions. Amplification was not obtained in specimens preserved frozen at -20°C and not correlation by logistic regression was observed between the DO260/DO280 index and DNA concentration of specimens presenting ITS2 amplification. Conclusions: The data suggest that keeping specimens in silica gel or frozen at -80°C may be the best conditions to preserve Anopheles specimens for subsequent molecular studies.

3.
Acta odontol. latinoam ; 23(1): 13-19, Apr. 2010. ilus, graf, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-949630

ABSTRACT

Mandibular micrognathia is a deficiency in mandibular growth that prevents tooth contact during mastication, interferes with phonation and even causes sleep apnea. Studies show that mutant mice for chd (chordin) and nog (noggin) genes, which are modulators of the Bone Morphogenic Protein (BMP), had mandibular defects ranging from mandibular hypoplasia to micrognathia and agnathia. The human NOG gene was the first BMP antagonist identified and it is essential for various late events in mandibular development, which require modulation of the BMP activity. The aim of this work was to determine the presence of NOG gene polymorphisms in families with mandibular micrognathia and analyze its phenotype. Four families with mandibular micrognathia were included in this study. Blood samples were taken from the participating individuals through venipuncture and DNA was extracted. The fragments of interest were amplified using the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and the Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) of the NOG gene reported in the NCBI data base were analyzed through direct sequencing. The SNP rs1348322 was present in homozygote form in the subjects from all the families, where Cytosine is changed to Adenine in position 112 of the exon of the NOG gene. The SNP rs 1236187 did not show any clear result. This result suggests that there may be population polymorphism, or markers that are seldom polymorphic for our population. It is therefore necessary to continue with the search for the relationship of the NOG gene with mandibular micrognathia.


El micrognatismo mandibular, deficiencia en el crecimiento de la mandibula, no permite que los dientes entren en contacto durante la masticacion, interfiriendo con la fonacion y produciendo inclusive apnea del sueno. Estudios con ratones mutantes para el gen chordin (chd) o noggin (nog) moduladores de las proteinas morfogenicas oseas (BMP) presentaron defectos mandibulares, que van desde hipoplasia mandibular, pasando por micrognatia hasta agnatia. El gen NOG humano fue el primer antagonista de BMP identificado y es esencial para varios eventos tardios del desarrollo mandibular, que requieren modulacion de la actividad de las BMP. El objetivo del trabajo fue determinar la presencia de polimorfismos del gen NOG en pacientes con micrognatismo mandibular y analizar su fenotipo. Se tomaron 4 familias con micrognatismo mandibular, muestras de sangre fueron tomadas por venopuncion a los individuos participantes, el ADN fue extraido, se realizo la amplificacion de los fragmentos correspondientes a los polimorfismos rs 1236187 y rs 1348322 mediante PCR (Reaccion en Cadena de la Polimerasa) y se analizaron los SNPs del gen NOG reportados en la base de datos NCBI, mediante secuenciacion directa. El SNP rs 1348322, se presento en forma homocigota en los individuos de todas las familias, donde se da el cambio de una Citosina por una Adenina en la posicion 112 del exon del gen NOG. El SNP rs 1236187, no arrojo ningun resultado en forma clara. Este resultado sugiere que posiblemente pueden tratarse de polimorfismos poblacionales, o de marcadores poco polimorficos para nuestra poblacion, por lo tanto es necesario continuar en la busqueda de la relacion del gen NOG con el micrognatismo mandibular.


Subject(s)
Humans , Polymorphism, Genetic , Carrier Proteins/genetics , Mandible/abnormalities , Micrognathism/genetics , Pedigree
4.
Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz ; 97(8): 1153-1156, Dec. 15, 2002. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-326326

ABSTRACT

hilA gene promoter, component of the Salmonella Pathogenicity Island 1, has been found in Salmonella serovar Typhimurium, being important for the regulation of type III secretion apparatus genes. We detected hilA gene sequences in Salmonella serovars Typhi, Enteritidis, Choleraesuis, Paratyphi A and B, and Pullorum, by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and hybridization techniques. The primers to carry out PCR were designed according to hilA sequence. A low stringency hybridization with the probe pVV441 (hilA open-reading-frame plasmid) was carried out. To find hilA gene sequences in other Salmonella sp. suggest that these serovars could have similar sequences of this kind of virulence genes


Subject(s)
Bacterial Proteins , Salmonella enterica , Trans-Activators , Base Sequence , Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial , Genes, Bacterial , Hybridization, Genetic , Polymerase Chain Reaction
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