ABSTRACT
Background/Aims: Cytomegalovirus is one of the opportunistic infections associated with significantly high morbidity and mortality among patients living with HIV/AIDS. Clinical manifestation of CMV infection is worse among HIV patients not receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) than those receiving HAART. This study is aimed at investigating the seroprevalence of CMV among HIV-infected adults on HAART. Study Design: This is a cross sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: HIV Outpatient Clinic of University of Benin Teaching Hospital between April and September, 2011. Methodology: A total of 342 HIV infected adult patients on HAART attending the HIV Outpatients Clinic of the University of Benin Teaching Hospital between April and September 2011, were screened for CMV IgG and IgM using ELISA method. Clinical stage of HIV disease and CD4+ cell counts were also evaluated. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 17. Results: Of the 342 patients studied 338 (98.8%) were sero-positive for CMV IgG antibodies while 24 (7.0%) demonstrated sero-positivity for CMV IgM antibodies. The seroprevalence of CMV IgM was significantly higher in patients in WHO clinical stages 3-4 (10.9%) than those in stages 1-2 (4.7%) (p = 0.04). There is no significant statistical difference in sereoprevalences of IgG and IgM with respect to sex, age, and CD4+ cell counts. Conclusion: Clinical stage of HIV/AID is an important risk factor for reactivation or re-infection of CMV and may prompt early diagnosis and management of active CMV infection.
ABSTRACT
Aim: To investigate the seroprevalence of cytomegalovirus (CMV) among voluntary blood donors in University of Benin Teaching Hospital (UBTH), Nigeria with the purpose of determining whether routine CMV screening for donors is justified or not. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Haematology and Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Benin Teaching Hospital (UBTH), Benin city, Nigeria, between May and September, 2010. Methodology: Sera from randomly selected one hundred and ninety-two (192) voluntary blood donors, consisting of 176 males and 16 females that visited the hospital from May to September 2010 were evaluated for CMV-IgG and IgM antibodies using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) based kit. Results: Seroprevalence for CMV-IgG and IgM were 95.8% and 3.1% respectively. All female donors (n=16) were positive for IgG. A total of 114 out of 192 (59.4%) donors were within the age bracket of 30-39 years. A prevalence of 100% for CMV IgG antibody was observed in age group ≥50 years, Conclusion: Routine screening of donors for CMV-IgG antibody would amount to waste of resources given the high prevalence of 95.8%. Periodic screening to identify the small percentage of seronegative blood donors (4.2%) who are needed for the ever increasing number of immunosuppressed recipients is recommended.
Subject(s)
Hodgkin Disease/classification , Hodgkin Disease/physiopathology , Hospitals , Incidence , TeachingABSTRACT
Context: Ocular manifestations of lymphoma are rare events. Most reports of ocular involvement in lymphoma are case reports or reports of a few patients. Aims: To determine the ophthalmic disorders in adult; African; lymphoma patients. Settings and Design: A prospective study of ocular disorders in adult patients with lymphoma was conducted at the University of Benin Teaching Hospital; Benin City; Nigeria; between July 2004 and June 2007. Materials and Methods: The patients were interviewed and examined by the authors and the ocular findings recorded. Statistical Analysis: Data was analyzed on computer with the aid of the Instat GraghPadT v2.05a statistical package software. The mean; standard deviation; Mann-Whitney U-statistic and P value were calculated. Results: A total of 111 patients with hematological malignancies were seen over a period of three years of which 62 (55.85) had lymphomas. Of these; 51(82.3) were non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and 11(17.7) were Hodgkin's lymphoma. Ocular disorders occurred in 16 patients (31.4) with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and none of the patients with Hodgkin's lymphoma (Mann-Whitney U-statistic is equal to 7.500; U' is equal to161.50; P ; 0.0001). The ocular disorders due to non-Hodgkin's lymphoma were seen as - proptosis in six patients (11.8); retinopathies in three (5.9); conjunctival infiltration in three (5.9); optic atrophy in two (3.9); keratoconjunctivitis in one (two per cent); desquamating nodular lid lesions in one (two per cent); papilloedema in one (two per cent); and upper lid mass in one (two per cent). Four patients (6.5) had monocular blindness. Conclusions: Ophthalmic disorders are relatively common in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Ophthalmic evaluation is needed in these patients for early identification and treatment of potentially blinding conditions
Subject(s)
Adult , Eye Manifestations , LymphomaABSTRACT
To determine the baseline haematological parameters including CD4+ cell count in naive HIV patients; which has not been documented in this part of the country; the study group comprised of 191 consecutive antiretroviral (ARV) naive adults living with HIV and AIDS recruited into the ARV pilot project in University of Benin Teaching Hospital; Nigeria between July and September 2004. They were classified with respect to severity of their disease state in accordance with Center for Diseases Control Clinical Categorization of HIV/AIDS. The patients had CD4+ cell count and haematological indices done to assess disease status and need for ARV therapy. This comprised of 69(36.1) males and 122 (63.9) females with a M:F ratio of 1:1.8. The median age at enrollment was 38 years (range; 21 to 75 years). At presentation; there were cytopenias and the males tended to have a slightly higher (195 cells/?l) CD4+ cell count than the females (180 cells/?l) with an overall median CD4+ cell count of 146 cells/?l. The difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.5407). There was a no significant correlation between the lymphocyte count and the CD4+ cell count. This study establishes local standard values for haematological indices including CD4+ cell count in naive HIV infected Nigerians
Subject(s)
HIV , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome , Anti-Retroviral AgentsABSTRACT
Aim: To determine the pattern of clinical presentation and haematological parameters of leukaemias; which had not been documented in this part of Niger Delta region of Nigeria; noted for its petrochemical industries and gas flare sites. Method: All cases of leukaemia that presented to the University of Benin Teaching Hospital; a major referral center in the region from April 1993 to March 2003 were reviewed. Demographic and clinical information including duration of illness before presentation were obtained by oral interview. Diagnosis was established based on the morphological features obtained from well-stained (leishman) peripheral blood smears and bone marrow aspirates. Haematological parameters were done using Automated Coulter Counter. Results: Acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) occurred mainly in adolescent (19 years) while chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) occurred predominantly in young adulthood (20-39 years). Granulocytic sarcoma was absent in the leukaemias. Majority of the patients presented in the advanced stage of the disease. The earliest and latest duration of illness before presentation was 2 months and 4 years respectively. At the time of diagnosis; 85 of the patients had haemoglobin level of less than 10g/dl. All the Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) patients presented as high-risk group. AML M4 subtype and acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) L1 and the rare L3 subtypes were the commonest presentations. Conclusion: Many patients presented late in the advanced stage of disease. This was due to poverty; ignorance; illiteracy and other strong limiting factors