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1.
Ter. psicol ; 37(3): 287-294, dic. 2019. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1059124

ABSTRACT

Resumen En México, una de cada cuatro personas con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DM2) tiene un control aceptable de la enfermedad. Consecuentemente, el propósito de este estudio fue determinar el cambio clínico de una intervención cognitivo-conductual en el control metabólico (CM) de la DM2 y variables psicológicas asociadas (malestar emocional asociado a diabetes mellitus [MEADM], sintomatología depresiva y bienestar psicológico). Se utilizó un diseño cuasiexperimental pretest-postest con seguimiento a los tres meses. Los resultados muestran un efecto muy alto de la intervención en el MEADM del pretest al postest (g = 1.399) y al seguimiento (g = 1.478); un efecto moderado del pretest al postest (g = 0.461) y alto del pretest al postest (g = 1.036) en el bienestar psicológico. Se necesita más tiempo para que la HbA1c y la sintomatología depresiva lleguen a rangos de control.


Abstract In Mexico, one of four people with type 2 diabetes mellitus has an acceptable control. Thus, the purpose of this study was to determine the clinical change of a cognitive-behavioral intervention on metabolic control and associated psychological variables (emotional distress, depressive symptomatology and psychological well-being) in people with this disease. A quasi-experimental pretest posttest design with a follow-up of one and three months was used. Results show a very high effect on the emotional distress to the pretest to posttest (g = 1.399) and to the follow-up (g = 1.478); a moderate effect from pretest to posttest (g = 0.461) and high from pretest to posttest (g = 1.036) in psychological well-being. More time is needed for the HbA1c and depressive symptomatology reach ranges of control.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Stress, Physiological , Cognition , Diabetes Mellitus , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2
2.
Salud ment ; 39(2): 99-105, Mar.-Apr. 2016. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-830808

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN: Antecedentes: La diabetes mellitus (DM) tiene una alta prevalencia en México. Se estima que sólo una cuarta parte de los casos está metabólicamente controlada. Se requiere de intervenciones eficaces que coadyuven a controlarla, como las cognitivo conductuales. Objetivo: Realizar una revisión por temas de las intervenciones cognitivo conductuales utilizadas en México para mejorar el control de la DM. Método: Las intervenciones cognitivo conductuales para la revisión se obtuvieron de bases de datos (Redalyc, Dialnet, SciELO), el Catálogo TESIUNAM, centros de documentación especializados, libros, referencias de los estudios analizados y consulta a expertos. Se incluyeron trabajos realizados entre 1990 y 2014. Se analizaron variables relacionadas con la intervención y para evaluar las características metodológicas se utilizaron los criterios del CONSORT (Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials / Estándares Consolidados de Reporte de Ensayos). Resultados: Fueron incluidos diecinueve estudios que cumplían con los criterios necesarios. 11 intervenciones buscaban mejorar la adherencia al tratamiento y/o al autocuidado; 11 mejorar el estado de ánimo y 10 buscaban aumentar la calidad de vida y/o bienestar psicológico. De los 19 estudios, 18 reportaron resultados favorables para el control de la DM. Sólo dos estudios cumplieron con más del 50% de los criterios sugeridos por el CONSORT. Discusión y conclusión: Los alcances de las intervenciones son cortos, ya que las muestras de los estudios apenas promedian 26.21 participantes y los periodos de seguimiento promedian 2.15 meses. La mayoría de los estudios no cumple (o solo parcialmente) con los criterios del CONSORT, lo cual pone en discusión los efectos alcanzados en las intervenciones.


ABSTRACT: Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is highly prevalent in Mexico. It is estimated that only a quarter of such cases are metabolically controlled. Control of DM requires effective interventions, such as cognitive behavioral therapy. Objective: To conduct a subject review of cognitive behavioral interventions used in Mexico to improve the control of DM. Method: Cognitive behavioral interventions for the review were obtained from databases (Redalyc, Dialnet, SciELO), the TESIUNAM Catalog, specialist libraries, books, references of the analyzed studies, and consultations with experts. Studies carried out between 1990 and 2014 were included. Certain variables related to the intervention were analyzed; to evaluate the methodological characteristics, the criteria set by the CONSORT (Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials) was used. Results: Nineteen studies that met the inclusion criteria were included. Eleven interventions were looking for improved adherence to treatment and/or self-care, 11 were looking for improved mood, and 10 were looking for better quality of life and/or psychological well-being. Of the 19 studies, 18 reported favorable results for control of DM. Only two studies met with more than 50% of the criteria suggested by the CONSORT. Discussion and conclusion: The scope of the interventions is short because study samples averaged just 26.21 participants and follow-up periods averaged 2.15 months. Most of the studies do not or only partially meet with CONSORT criteria, putting into question the effects achieved in the interventions.

3.
Diversitas perspectiv. psicol ; 9(2): 373-382, jul.-dic. 2013. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-724922

ABSTRACT

El objetivo de esta investigación fue conocer el perfil sociodemográfico y el patrón de uso de cocaína y crack, y su asociación con tabaco y otras sustancias entre usuarios que asisten a un tratamiento ambulatorio. Participaron 139 usuarios (87,3% hombres y 12,7% mujeres), que hicieron parte del 'Tratamiento breve para usuarios de cocaína' (TUBC), de la Facultad de Psicología de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM). Los instrumentos utilizados fueron el cuestionario de preselección y la entrevista inicial. Encontramos que hay diferencias en el perfil de los consumidores de coca y los de crack. Sigue siendo mayor la proporción de consumidores de coca que de crack; los consumidores de coca tienen mayor escolaridad que los consumidores de crack; la mayoría de ambos consumidores han conservado un empleo. Más usuarios de coca habían asistido a un tratamiento. Estos resultados son muy útiles para ampliar el conocimiento sobre las características que tienen este tipo de consumidores y ayudar a perfilar los tratamientos específicos que cada uno requiere.


The aim of this investigation was to recognize the socio demographic profile of crack and cocaine consumers that have attended an ambulatory treatment. As a well as, to define the crack and cocaine usage patterns and their association with tobacco and other substances amongst these groups of consumers. 39 users took part in the investigation (87.3% men and 12.7 women) said participants had all received the Brief treatment for cocaine users (TUBC) at the faculty of psychology of the UNAM. The items used in this study were: a preselecting questionnaire and an intake interview. Our results showed that there are profile differences amongst cocaine and crack consumers. Firstly, the percentage of cocaine consumers is still higher than the percentage of those who take crack. Secondly, Cocaine consumers have a higher grade of education than crack consumers. Thirdly, there were more cocaine users that had previously attended a treatment. However, the majority of subjects in both groups had managed to maintain their Jobs. These results are very useful to widen the knowledge about the characteristics of each type of consumer; what is more, they help us define the specific treatment each type of consumer requires.

4.
Acta investigación psicol. (en línea) ; 3(2): 1163-1179, ago. 2013. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-706802

ABSTRACT

La psicología de la música trata de explicar la respuesta humana a la misma, de forma conceptual y empírica. Dentro de ésta, una línea de investigación es la que estudia el gusto musical, en la cual se centra el presente estudio, cuyo objetivo es comparar el gusto musical y las preferencias de géneros musicales, entre personas con estudios y sin estudios de música. La muestra se constituyó por 104 participantes que se dividieron en dos grupos: a) individuos con formación musical (CFM); e b) individuos sin formación musical (SFM). Ambos grupos se formaron con 52 participantes. Nuestros resultados sugieren que la música es importante en la vida de las personas y diariamente la escuchan. A las personas CFM la música les gusta por ser un medio de expresión, y los géneros que prefieren están inclinados hacia la música culta; mientras que a las personas SFM, la música les gusta porque las relaja y prefieren los géneros musicales asociados con la música popular. Para ambos grupos, lo que más gusta de la música son las partes que conforman su estructura. Concluimos que la educación es determinante en el gusto musical y en la elección de la música que más gusta.


The psychology of music can be found within a conceptual and empirical framework that is useful as a reference to explain the human response to it. An important research line of this discipline is the one that studies the musical taste, on which is based this article. The comparison is between musical taste and preferences of musical genres among people with musical education and those without it. The sample was constituted by 104 participants that were divided into two groups: a) individuals with musical formation (MF), with 52 participants (19 women and 33 men); b) individuals without musical formation (WMF). As a result, it was found that music is important in peoples' daily lives, the MF people like music because of musical expression, and their favorite music genre was the highbrow. This contrasts with the WFM people that like music because they find it relaxing- their favorite musical genre is pop. Both groups agree in their favorite musical component- the parts that integrate music. Although the MF group likes the highbrow genre more because of the parts that constitute its structure. Conversely, the WMF group were drawn primarily to the lyrics and rhythm. We can conclude that education is a determining factor in musical taste, and therefore plays a part in the choice of what music we like the most. Since musical tastes change depending on musical education held by the individual. People that have musical education encourage their taste. They use music as an artistic expression resource, and the genres they listen to are what can be considered "highbrow" music. Whereas the people that don't count with musical knowledge listen to popular music because they want to relax themselves. These individuals spend more time daily listening to music that the vox populli listens to because they like the lyrics and the rhythm.

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