ABSTRACT
Objectives: To explore the mass gathering hajj emergency pharmacy as new initiatives in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Methods: It is a new initiative project drove by national mass gathering pharmaceutical programs. The projects drove the mass gathering medicine guidelines and the international business model, pharmacy project guidelines project management institution guidelines of a new project. The initiative project is written through project management professionals and consisted of several parts, including the initial phase, the planning phase, the execution phase and the monitoring and controlling phase. Results: The mass gathering emergency pharmacy services with a defined vision, mission and goals. The services had various benefits, including clinical and economical on pilgrims, as described in the review. The continuity of the project assured by the risk management model description. Moreover, the monitoring and controlling of the services as demonstrated. The transition to operation project though closing project stage exemplified in the analysis. Conclusion: The mass gathering emergency pharmacy is a new initiative project in the mass gathering medicine. There are various emergency pharmacy services can be started during the mass gathering with clinical emergency pharmacy; it is highly suggested in Saudi Arabia.
ABSTRACT
Objective: To demonstrate the mass gathering hajj medication safety as new initiatives in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Methods: It is a new initiative project drove by national mass gathering pharmaceutical programs. The projects drove the mass gathering medicine guidelines and the international business model, pharmacy project guidelines project management institution guidelines of a new project. The initiative project is written through project management professionals and consisted of several parts, including the initial phase, the planning phase, the execution phase and the monitoring and controlling phase. Results: The medication safety services during the mass gathering with a defined vision, mission and goals. The services had multiple benefits, including clinical and economical on patients and healthcare services, as described in the review. The extension of the project assured by risk management elements description. Besides, the monitoring and controlling of the services as illustrated. The conversion of operation project, though closing project stage illustrated in the analysis. Conclusion: The mass gathering medication safety is a new initiative project that is part of the mass gathering medicine. There is various part of medication safety services can be started during the mass gathering; it is highly recommended in Saudi Arabia.
ABSTRACT
Endometrial polyps are the most common endometrial pathology associated with postmenpausal tamoxifen exposure. Up to 3% of these polyp may show malignant changes. is the endometrial cancer has predisposition or risk factors in postmenpausal tamoxifen receiving breast cancer patients risk factors for endometrial polyps. This is prospective study done at El-Hussien and Sayed Galal University hospitals the data were collected from medical records after the patient consent to be involved in this study we have two groups group I in which the hystrescope reveals the endometrial polyp at 6 months of tamoxifen receiving in postmenopausal breast carcinoma patients. Group II in which the hystrescope reveals nothing each group has 20 patients and follow up for one year. age at menopause was significantly older, increased duration of breast disease increased body weight, increased endometrial thickness. In group I if these compared by group II. Various factors such as old age at menopause, increased duration of breast disease increased body weight. Thicker endometri urn may contri bute to the prediction of increased risk of development of endometrial polyp in postmenopausal patients with breast carcinoma treated by tamoxifen
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Postmenopause , Endometrium/pathology , Polyps , Risk Factors , Tamoxifen/adverse effectsABSTRACT
Global hypomethylation is one of the most consistent epigenetic changes in cancer. Development of hepatocellular carcinoma [HCC] must be understood as a multistep process with accumulation of genetic and epigenetic alterations. In the last decades, in addition to genetic alterations, epigenetic changes have been recognized as an important and alternative mechanism in tumourigenesis. We investigated the clinical implications of global hypomethylation in the sera of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma [HCC]. PCR was used to assess the methylation status of long interspersed nuclear element type 1 [LINE-1] repetitive sequences in genomic DNA derived from sera of 50 patients with HCC, 20 patients with cirrhosis, 20 patients with chronic hepatitis C and 10 healthy subjects. Serum genome hypomethylation was significantly increased in patients with HCC [p < 0.001]. The levels of serum LINE-1 hypomethylation at initial presentation correlated significantly with tumour size, tumour number and alpha-foetoprotein level. Moreover high serum LINE-1 hypomethylation correlates significantly with poor survival. Serum LINE-1 hypomethylation may serve as a prognostic marker for patients with HCC
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Conservative surgery with adjuvant chemotherapy has made the preservation of fertility even in patient with advanced disease. The increase in cure rate has shifted to research for the long term menstrual reproductive and gynecologic outcome in these patients. The current study is retrospective for 25 cases of ovarian malignant germ cell tumor from January 2006 to January 2011, at El Hussian and Sayed Galal University Hospitals. The uterus and contralateral ovary were retained to preserve ovarian function with or without chemotherapy, followed up for two years. The mean age of most patients ranged from 15-28 years [average 21.5 years]. According to International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics, the histological subtypes were ten dysgerminoma [40%]. Five immature teratoma [20%], three endodermal sinus tumor [12%], four mixed germ cell tumor [16%] three embryonic cell tumours [12%]. Stage I: tumors 15 cases [60%], Stage II: tumors one case [4%], Stage III tumors 6 cases [24%], Stage IV tumors 3 cases [12%]. Adjuvant chemotherapy was administered to 15 cases 60% and followed up for two years. There were two recurrences, one died at 7[th] day postoperative of massive pulmonary embolism with past history of D.V.T, five healthy live births in the chemotherapy group without birth defects, and one infertility case 4%
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Chemotherapy, Adjuvant/adverse effects , Follow-Up Studies , Fertility/radiation effects , Combined Modality TherapyABSTRACT
Because breast conservative surgery [BCS], mastectomy alone, mastectomy with reconstruction is equally effective for treatment of early stage of breast carcinoma. Now choice of women focus on quality of life, psychosocial results and individual response following breast carcinoma surgery. The involved women in this study aged between 30:85 years [median 57.5] with newly diagnosed breast carcinoma who underwent BCS [n=25]. Mastectomy alone [n=15], Mastectomy with reconstruction [n=10]. The quality of life was assessed after diagnosis [baseline] and at 1,3,6,12,18 and 24 months after baseline by using mischel uncertainly in illness scale [MUIS], profile for mood states [POTIS] and functional assessment of cancer therapy for breast cancer [FACT-B] Women who underwent mastectomy with reconstruction had greater mood disturbance and poorer well being than women who had mastectomy alone, women who underwent BCS had more mood disturbances than women who had mastectomy alone. As regarding well being BCS and mastectomy did not differ significantly. With regard quality of life is not better in women with BCS or mastectomy with reconstruction than in women with mastectomy alone. Mastectomy with reconstruction is associated with greater mood disturbance and poorer well being