Acroqueratoelastoidosis: Presentación de un caso caracterizado por ausencia de fibras elásticas / Acrokeratoelastoidosis: presentation of a case characterized by absence of elastic fibers

En el año 1953, Costa describe un cuadro clínico caracterizado por la aparición de pápulas hiperqueratóticas en márgenes laterales de manos y pies, que se asociaba en el examen histológico a cambios epidérmicos (hiperortoqueratosis y acantosis) y particularmente a la reducción y/o fragmentación de fibras elásticas, motivo por el cual esta entidad, considerada actualmente una genodermatosis, recibió el nombre de acroqueratoelastoidosis (AQE). Presentamos un caso en el que destaca la ausencia de fibras elásticas (AU)

In 1953, Costa described a clinical entity characterized by the appearance of hyperkeratotic papules on the lateral margins of the hands and feet, which was associated with epidermal changes (hyperortokeratosis and acanthosis) and to the reduction and /or fragmentation of elastic fibers at histological examination. This entity was named acrokeratoelastoidosis and is currently considered to be a genodermatosis. A case characterized by the absence of elastic fibers is reported.

Hidradenoma poroide del pie: presentación de un caso y revisión de la literatura / Poroid hidradenoma of the foot: a case report and literature review

El hidradenoma poroide fue descrito en el año 1990, por Abenoza y Ackerman, como una de las 4 variedades morfológicas de un poroma ecrino. Sus principales características son: muy baja frecuencia, localización intradérmica y aspecto sólido-quístico. Es más prevalente en la séptima década de la vida, sin predominio por género y su localización más frecuente es en cabeza y cuello. Presentamos el caso de un hidradenoma poroide del dorso del pie (AU)

Poroid hidradenoma was described in 1990, by Abenoza and Ackerman, as one the four morphological varieties of eccrine poroma. Its main characteristics: very low frequency, intradermal location and solid- cystic appearance. It is more prevalent in the seventh decade of life, with no gender predominance and the most frequent location is in the head and neck. A case of poroid hidradenoma in the foot dorsum is reported (AU)

Aislamiento ambiental de Sporothrix globosa en relación a un caso de esporotricosis linfo-cutánea / Sporothrix globosa isolation related to a case of lymphocutaneous sporotrichosis

Introduction: Sporothrix schenckii complex comprises a group of environmental dimorphic fungi that cause sporotrichosis. In Chile, isolated cases have been reported in humans, though no environmental isolates have been described. Objective: To achieve isolation of Sporothrix complex from the soil where a 75 year old patient with lymphocutaneous sporotrichosis performs horticulture work. Materials and Methods: In March and July 2011 soil and plant debris from five sectors where the patient does his work in horticulture was extracted. The soil samples were diluted and inoculated in Sabouraud agar with cycloheximide and chloramphenicol at 26 °C. The plant debris was directly inoculated in the same medium. Colonies suggestive of Sporothrix complex were reseeded in PDA agar at 26 ° C and identified as recommended by Marimon et al. Results: Of the 10 plates from the first sampling, one colony was identified as Sporothrix globosa. In the second sampling, Sporothrix globosa grew in two plates seeded with soil, with a total of 6 colonies. There was no growth of Sporothrix complex in plant debris. The isolate from the patient was also identified as Sporothrix globosa. Conclusion: For the first time in Chile a species of Sporothrix complex was isolated from the environment. Sporothrix globosa was the species identified both in the ground and from the patient with sporotrichosis.

Introducción: Sporothrix schenckii complex comprende un grupo de hongos dimórficos ambientales que provocan esporotricosis. En Chile se han comunicado casos aislados en humanos; sin embargo, no se han descrito aislamientos de este hongo desde el ambiente. Objetivos: Orientados por un caso de esporotricosis linfo-cutánea en una paciente de 75 años, se realizó un estudio ambiental para lograr el aislamiento de S. complex desde el suelo donde la paciente realizaba labores de horticultura. Materiales y Métodos: Se extrajo tierra y restos vegetales de cinco sectores donde la paciente efectuaba sus labores de horticultura. Se realizaron diluciones de tierras y siembra en agar Sabouraud con cicloheximida y cloranfenicol a 26°C. Los restos vegetales fueron sembrados directamente en el mismo medio. Las colonias sugerentes de S. complex se resembraron en agar PDA a 26°C y se identificaron según recomendación de Marimon y cols. Resultados: De las diez placas del primer muestreo, una colonia de la siembra de tierra se identificó como Sporothrix globosa. En el segundo muestreo hubo desarrollo de S. globosa en dos placas sembradas con tierra, con un total de seis colonias. No hubo desarrollo de S. complex en los restos vegetales. La cepa aislada desde la paciente también fue identificada como S. globosa. Conclusión: Por primera vez en Chile se logra el aislamiento del ambiente de una especie de S. complex. Sporothrix globosa fue la especie identificada tanto del suelo como desde la paciente con esporotricosis.

Utilidade do pente metálico com dentes microcanaliculados no diagnóstico da pediculose / Metal microchanelled fine-toothed comb use in the diagnosis of pediculosis

Fundamentos: Os métodos para diagnosticar Pediculus humanus var. capitis são controvertidos e a maioria dos estudos tem usado o exame visual direto. Objetivos: O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar a eficácia no diagnóstico do exame visual direto em contraposição ao uso do pente metálico de aço com dentes microcanaliculados. Métodos: Investigaram-se 946 crianças e adolescentes de quatro a 19 anos. O cabelo de cada criança foi examinado duas vezes, para detectar infestação pelos diferentes estádios, por meio da observação visual direta e com o pente metálico. Resultados: O diagnóstico visual apontou infestação em 30,7 por cento dos casos, enquanto que o pente metálico indicou um resultado de 51,5 por cento. O sexo feminino foi o mais acometido, de acordo com ambos os métodos. As formas parasitárias detectadas com o exame visual direto foram: somente piolhos (adultos e/ou ninfas); 1,4 por cento; somente lêndeas vivas, 64,8 por cento; e lêndeas vivas mais piolhos, 33,8 por cento; com o pente metálico, foram 6,4 por cento, 23,6 por cento e 70 por cento, respectivamente. A média de tempo para descobrir um piolho foi de 57 segundos com o pente metálico e de 116,4 segundos com a observação visual direta. Conclusões: O diagnóstico é duas vezes mais rápido e 3,6 vezes mais eficiente com o pente metálico microcanaliculado. O método visual leva a uma subestimação das infestações ativas e revela as passadas não ativas.

Background: Methods for the diagnosis of Pediculus humanus var. capitis are controversial and most studies are based on direct visual exam. Objective: The objective of this study was to compare the diagnosis efficacy of both direct visual exam and the use of a metal microchanelled fine-toothed comb. Methods: 946 children and teenagers 4 to 19 years of age were examined. Each individual’s hair was examined twice to determine whether there was infestation by lice or nits, through direct visual exam and the use of a metal microchanelled fine-toothed comb. Results: The visual diagnosis detected infestation in 30.7 percent of the cases, while the metal comb detected infestation in 51.5 percent. Females were the most affected. The forms of parasites detected through direct visual exam were: only lice (adults and/or nymphs) 1.4 percent, only live nits 64.8 percent and live nits and lice, 33.8 percent; with the metal comb the percentages were 6.4 percent, 23.6 percent and 70 percent, respectively. The average time to find a louse was 57 seconds with the fine-toothed comb and 116.4 seconds through the direct visual exam. Conclusions: Diagnosis with the microchanelled fine-toothed comb is twice as fast and 3.6 times more efficient than through direct visual exam.The direct visual exam detects non-active, past infestations, and underestimates active ones.