ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: To disseminate transesophageal ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) as an alternative to investigate mediastinal tumoral lesions because it is an underused modality that has been available in Brazil for more than 15 years. METHODS: Descriptive analysis of a single endoscopy service's experience since 1997 in the accomplishment of EUSFNA for mediastinal staging of previously known malignancies (Group 1) or diagnostic definition of suspect lymph nodes and masses (Group 2). RESULTS: EUS-FNA was performed in 51 patients between 26 and 87 years of age. The diameter of the lesions ranged between 1.1 and 9.8 cm (mean 3.9 cm). Their location corresponded to the following stations: higher paratracheal (4 cases), lower paratracheal (7), aortic window (12), para-aortic (6), subcarinal (9), paraesophageal (8), and hilar (5). In Group 1, 17 patients had previously diagnosed primary lung (9), breast (4), kidney (2), colon (1), and bladder (1) cancer. Fifteen of these punctures were positive for malignity. Two others were later submitted to mediastinoscopy, which identified metastases not detected by EUS-FNA. Group 2 comprised 34 patients. Among these patients, EUS-FNA diagnosed 22 neoplasms, five cases of tuberculosis and two duplication cysts. Cytology was inconclusive or without a specific diagnosis in five other cases. Mediastinoscopy identified two undiagnosed cases of oat-cell carcinoma, one lymphoma and one cryptococcosis, and confirmed one reactive lymphadenitis. There were no complications related to the method. CONCLUSIONS: EUS-FNA obviated the need for surgical procedures in 86.3 percent of cases. Therefore, oncologists, pulmonologists, and thoracic surgeons should always remember the technique's potential and availability.
Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Biopsy, Fine-Needle/methods , Carcinoma, Small Cell , Endosonography/methods , Lymph Nodes/pathology , Lymphoma/pathology , Mediastinal Neoplasms/pathology , Ultrasonography, Interventional/methods , Brazil , Cross-Sectional Studies , Carcinoma, Small Cell/secondary , Lymph Nodes , Lymphoma , Mediastinal Neoplasms , Neoplasm Staging , Retrospective StudiesABSTRACT
CONTEXT: Differential diagnosis of hyperplastic vs adenomatous lesions is of crucial importance on the daily practice of colonoscopy. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed at quantifying digital morphometric characteristics of colonoscopic images obtained with magnification and chromoscopy of three different types of colonic lesions: hyperplastic, adenomas and carcinomas, and the normal mucosa surrounding the lesions. METHODS: A total of 2,177 consecutive colonoscopies were analyzed and 105 images were chosen for analysis, divided into 37 hyperplastic lesions, 42 adenomas and 26 carcinomas. Specific digital morphometry was used, to measure the diameter and area of the pits from hyperplastic lesions, adenomatous and carcinomatous lesions, always comparing them with the normal mucosa surrounding pits. RESULTS: Different morphometric measures were performed via image analysis software to measure the mean pit opening diameters and their respective area. The mean pit opening diameters and corresponding area measurements were statistically significant for all groups of lesions examined. CONCLUSIONS: The morphometric characteristics of colonoscopy images allowing the observer to compare differences between hyperplastic and adenomatous polyps and colorectal carcinoma lesions. Digital morphometric studies are feasible like the present study shows. This can help the colonoscopist in clinical decisions. A software with morphometric measures can apply and will permit the digital morphometric analysis. The data generated from the application of software, can provide valuable points in differentiation of various lesions, guiding the conduct clinical, already during the endoscopic procedure. Morphometric analysis is more an instance of decision to the colonoscopist and it has important value not for being subjective, but for being objective, since it generates digits of its measures. In these aspects, and among different characteristics, the measure of the area...
CONTEXTO: O diagnóstico diferencial entre lesões hiperplásicas, adenomatosas e carcinomatosas, é de crucial importância durante a colonoscopia, na tomada de atitude terapêutica. OBJETIVOS: A quantificação de características morfométricas digitais de imagens colonoscópicas obtidas com magnificação e cromoscopia de três diferentes tipos de lesões colônicas: hiperplásicas, adenomatosas e carcinomatosas, como também da mucosa normal adjacente a estas lesões. MÉTODOS: O total de 2.177 colonoscopias consecutivas foram analisadas e 105 imagens colonoscópicas foram selecionadas e escolhidas para análise, divididas em três grupos: 37 lesões hiperplásicas, 42 adenomas e 26 carcinomas. Foram usadas técnicas específicas de morfometria digital para medir o diâmetro e, consequentemente, calcular a área da abertura das glândulas colônicas (pits), das lesões dos três diferentes grupos examinados, comparando-se sempre, morfometricamente, com a abertura das glândulas da mucosa normal adjacente à lesão. RESULTADOS: Diferentes medidas morfométricas foram realizadas via software de análise de imagens para medir o diâmetro de abertura das pits e a área das mesmas. O diâmetro das pits e principalmente sua área, em cada uma das lesões examinadas, no comparativo correspondente com sua mucosa normal, demonstrou-se estatisticamente significativo nos três diferentes grupos. Mas a área, nas lesões adenomatosas, foi o valor mais expressivo. CONCLUSÕES: As características morfométricas de imagens colonoscópicas permitem ao observador comparar diferenças entre lesões hiperplásicas, adenomatosas e lesões carcinomatosas. Estudos morfométricos digitais são factíveis como o presente estudo demonstrou. Um software com as medidas morfométricas pode ser aplicado e vai permitir análise morfométrica digital. Os dados gerados a partir da aplicação do software, podem fornecer pontos de valor na diferenciação das lesões e auxiliar na condução clínica, até mesmo durante o exame...
Subject(s)
Humans , Adenoma/pathology , Colonic Neoplasms/pathology , Colonic Polyps/pathology , Colonoscopy/methods , Image Processing, Computer-Assisted , Biopsy , Diagnosis, Differential , Intestinal Mucosa/pathology , Precancerous Conditions/diagnosis , Precancerous Conditions/pathology , Reproducibility of ResultsABSTRACT
CONTEXTO: O uso da cromoscopia virtual com sistema de imagem multibanda poderia auxiliar no diagnóstico in vivo de neoplasias colônicas. Objetivo - Avaliar a exatidão da magnificação associada à cromoendoscopia eletrônica ou com índigo-carmin na distinção entre lesões neoplásicas e não-neoplásicas do cólon e reto. MÉTODOS: Foram avaliadas prospectivamente 157 lesões colorretais em 75 pacientes. Empregou-se o sistema FICE® para a análise dos padrões de capilares, com a malha capilar negativa sendo considerada padrão de lesões não-neoplásicas, e a malha capilar positiva, o padrão das neoplasias. Após esta avaliação, ainda usando o sistema FICE®, o padrão de criptas foi definido conforme a classificação de Kudo. Por fim, instilou-se índigo-carmin à 0,8 por cento e outro estudo das criptas foi realizado. RESULTADOS: Entre as 157 lesões colorretais, classificou-se 116 como malha capilar positiva, sendo 115 confirmadas histologicamente como neoplasias. Já entre as 41 lesões com malha capilar negativa, 32 eram não-neoplásicas. A sensibilidade foi de 92,7 por cento, a especificidade de 97 por cento e a precisão de 93,6 por cento. Os padrões de criptas tipo I e II representaram as lesões não-neoplásicas e os tipos III-V, as neoplásicas. Com a utilização da cromoscopia eletrônica, observou-se sensibilidade de 94,4 por cento, especificidade de 97 por cento e precisão de 94,9 por cento. Já com o uso da magnificação associada ao índigo-carmin, a sensibilidade foi de 97,6 por cento, a especificidade de 93,9 por cento e a precisão de 96,8 por cento. CONCLUSÕES: Tanto a cromoendoscopia eletrônica, quanto o uso do índigo-carmin, associados à magnificação de imagens, apresentaram precisão elevada quanto ao diagnóstico histopatológico e não houve diferença estatística entre ambos os métodos.
CONTEXT: Multiband imaging (MBI)/Fuji Intelligent Color Enhancement (FICE®) is a spectral image processing technology that helps in vivo diagnosis of colorectal neoplasias. OBJECTIVE: To compare the diagnostic accuracy of the magnification with either the electronic chromoendoscopy or indigo carmine dye in the differential diagnosis of neoplastic and non-neoplastic colorectal lesions. Methods - Seventy five patients with 157 colorectal lesions were prospectively evaluated. The capillary pattern, as well as the pit pattern according to the Kudo classification, of colorectal lesions were evaluated by means of the FICE® system. Absence and presence of meshed capillary networks were labeled as non-neoplastic and neoplastic lesions, respectively. Afterwards, indigo carmine 0.8 percent was instilled and a new evaluation of the pit pattern was carried out. RESULTS: One hundred and sixteen of the 157 lesions were classified as positive meshed capillary network, 115 of them were confirmed histologically as neoplasia. Other 32 lesions out of 41 with negative meshed capillary network were non-neoplastic. Sensitivity, specificity and accuracy were, respectively, 92.7 percent, 97 percent and 93.6 percent. Pit patterns I and II were confirmed as non-neoplastic lesions, and patterns III to V were confirmed as neoplasies. Sensitivity, specificity and accuracy for the electronic chromoendoscopy were, respectively, 94.4 percent, 97 percent and 94.9 percent. Meanwhile, the figures for the magnification with indigo carmine were, respectively, 97.6 percent, 93.9 percent and 96.8 percent. CONCLUSIONS: Both methods, either the MBI/FICE® system or the use of indigo carmine dye with magnification, achieved a high accuracy for the differential diagnosis between neoplastic and non-neoplastic colorectal lesions.