Predicting vitamin E and C consumption intentions and behaviors among factory workers based on protection motivation theory

BACKGROUND@#Study of antioxidant vitamin consumption behavior, especially in high-risk groups with high exposure to toxic metals to reduce metal toxicity, is emphasized. This study aims to examine the structural relationships between knowledge, protection motivation theory constructs, and vitamin E and C consumption behavior among cement factory workers.@*METHODS@#Protection motivation theory and food frequency questionnaires were completed by 420 factory workers. Data were subjected to structural equation modeling to examine associations between knowledge, protection motivation theory constructs, and vitamin E and C consumption behavior. Efficacy of current recommended models was also explored.@*RESULTS@#Structural equation modeling showed high explained variance within the constructs of protection motivation theory for vitamin E and C consumption behavior and intention (56-76%). The overall fit of the structural models was acceptable for both vitamin E and C behavior. Knowledge, self-efficacy, response efficacy, and perceived vulnerability predicted intention, which in turn predicted vitamin consumption behavior. Significant relationships between knowledge and self-efficacy, response efficacy, perceived vulnerability, and perceived severity were also found, while self-efficacy and response efficacy showed significant relationships with vitamin E and C consumption behavior.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Considering that response efficacy, self-efficacy, and intention showed as strong predictors of vitamin E and C consumption behavior, specific attention should be paid to coping appraisals and intention when designing intervention plans. Additionally, establishing the predicting role of knowledge for protection motivation theory constructs and protective behaviors should be integrated into intervention programs.

[Effects of three educational intervention methods on repeated mammography among non-adherent women in Sanandaj]

Background and Aim: The aim of this study was to compare the effects of three tailored interventions for repeated mammography among non-adherent women using the Health Belief Model as a theoretical framework

Material and Methods: In this randomized trial, 360 women [and ge; 50 years] from Sanandaj, were randomly divided into 4 groups. Intervention groups were pamphlet group, face to face counseling group, telephone counseling group and the 4th group was control group. All groups were compared with one another before the intervention, 2 weeks, 3 months, and 6 months after the intervention. Data were analyzed by using SPSS software. The statistically significant level was considered as p<0.05

Results: Demographic characteristics [age, education, and income] were not significantly different before the intervention [p> 0.05]. In terms of perceived susceptibility, severity, benefits, and barriers to mammography, mean scores of intervention groups had statistically significant differences six months after the intervention [p<0.01]. The highest rate of repeated mammography [50%] was observed in the face to face counseling group

Conclusion: This study provided empirical support for the Health Belief Model as a framework to conduct repeated mammography. In addition, face to face counseling was the most effective way

[Awareness, risk perception, and protective behaviors in regard to multiple sclerosis among people in Sanandaj, Iran]

Background and Aim: Epidemiological studies in recent decades have been indicative of increased prevalence of Multiple Sclerosis [MS] in the world. In this study we investigated awareness, risk perception, and protective behaviors in relation to multiple sclerosis among people in Sanandaj, Iran

Material and Methods: This cross-sectional study included 800 people over 15 years of age. Samples were selected randomly from all of the city areas. The questionnaire included questions regarding demographic information, knowledge, perception of risk and protective behavior for MS. Using STATA12; data were analyzed by descriptive and analytical statistical tests including x[2] and regression. P-value less than 0.05 were considered significant

Results: Mean age of the participants was 38.27 +/- 14.91 years. In all age groups, the knowledge of the participants about MS was low [P<0.001]. Knowledge and perceived risk showed significant relationships with educational level [P< 0.001]. The knowledge about MS and the perception of risk were higher in women compared to men [P< 0.03]. The most important source of knowledge about MS was the relatives' information [46.4%]

Conclusion: Knowledge of people of Sanandaj about multiple sclerosis was suboptimal. Designing and implementation of intervention programs to enhance people's understanding of MS, ways to prevent, and promoting protective behaviors at the community level is necessry

[ incidence and control of anger among students at Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences in 2015-2016]

Introduction: Anger is one of the most important and influential emotions in human life and it plays a major role in life

Objective: One of the most influential natural emotions of anger that affects a person's physical and mental health. Studies have shown that chronic anger and continuous modes of expression and its control over the course of mood and anxiety disorders, as well as the negative impact of leaving. The aims of this study was determinelevel incidence and control anger courses at Kurdistan University of Sciences

Methods: This study is descriptive. The study population included 410 students [207 males and 203 females] who were selected by multistage random sampling. Spielberger state-trait anger questionnaire 2. Software and test data Spss18, Mann-Whitney Correlation, descriptive statistics, were analyzed

Results: anger and anger control, respectively, with an average of 17/43 +/- 3/29and22/01 +/- 4/62 highest averages were assigned to

Conclusion: There was no significant relationship between gender and anger, but anger control internal and external gender relations are significant

[ relationship between education level and occupation of parents of students with internet dependency, depression and anxiety in Sanandaj]

Introduction: internet dependency, Depression and Anxiety among students is a problem and concerns of families, parents and teachers which the implementation of research on the prevalence and associated factors of paramount importance

Methods: This study was cross-sectional. The population was all of the high school students of Sanandaj city. The sample was 595 students [285 female and 310 male] who were randomly selected. The instruments utilized in this study included Young's Internet Dependence Questionnaire and Beck's Anxiety and Depression Inventory. Data analyzed using SPSS-21 statistical software also, descriptive statistics and chi-square tests were used for analyzing of data

Results: The results from the present study showed that fathers 'job with respondents' depression [p<0/239], anxiety [p<0/660] and internet dependency [p<0/181], had no significant association. Mothers' job had no significant with respondents' depression [p<0/120] and anxiety [p<0/620], while it had a significant association with internets' dependency [p<0/02]. Also, based on result from the present study, there were no significant relationship between, education of father with respondents' depression [p<0/355] and anxiety [p<0/821]. While, it had a significant relationship [p<0/000], with internet dependency. Education of mothers had significant relationship with respondents' depression [p <0/108] and anxiety [p<0/127]. While, there was highly significant between internet dependency and education of mother [p<0/000]

Conclusion: The level of parents 'education and occupation of the mother can affect the students' internet addiction

Effect of life skills training on drug abuse preventive behaviors among university students

Drug abuse is now-a-days one of the gravest social harms. Recent years have experienced a drastic rise in drug abuse among school and university students. Thus, the need for special attention to the issue is deemed important. The present study was conducted with the aim of assessing the impact of life skills training on promotion of drug abuse preventive behaviors. This field trial experimental study was conducted on 60 students of Gonabad Medical University selected through quota random sampling and assigned randomly into two Intervention and control groups. Data were collected through a questionnaire, including two sections of demographic information and drug abuse preventive behaviors. The questionnaire was first assessed as to its validity and reliability and then administered both before and after educational intervention and also as a follow-up 4 years after intervention - Data were then analyzed using t-tests and Chi-square. Comparison of post-test mean scores of drug abuse preventive behaviors of both groups showed a significant difference [P < 0.01] which remained stable 4 years after intervention. There was a significant relationship between father's educational level and drug abuse preventive behaviors [P < 0.01]. Life skills' training is effective in the promotion of drug abuse preventive behaviors of university students