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Background@#With limited information available, the association among urinary tract infections, urease-producing bacteria and the presence of magnesium ammonium phosphate (MAP) urolithiasis in canines in Thailand requires more study. @*Objectives@#This study aimed to investigate the association between demographic characteristics of canines and the presence of MAP urolithiasis in canines, and to evaluate antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of bacteria isolated from canine uroliths. @*Methods@#A total of 56 canines admitted for treatment with surgical removal of uroliths were recruited. Demographic characteristics and clinical chemistry data were recorded.Bacteria isolated from the removed uroliths were identified. Chemical compositions of the uroliths were analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectrometer. Potential risk factors were determined with univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses. @*Results@#Of 56 canine urolithiasis, bacteria were isolated from uroliths of 38 canines (27 MAP and 11 non-MAP) but not from uroliths of 18 canines (5 MAP and 13 non-MAP). The most common bacteria found in nidus of MAP uroliths was Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (approximately 51%). An antimicrobial resistance was frequently found in Staphylococci isolates (42.86%). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the predictors of MAP urolith in canine urolithiasis were being female (p = 0.044; adjusted odds ratio [OR], 10.22; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.06– 98.24) and the positive urolith culture (p = 0.012; adjusted OR, 8.60; 95% CI, 1.60–46.30). @*Conclusions@#Our results indicate that S. pseudintermedius (a urease-producing bacterium) is the major causative bacteria of MAP uroliths. A positive urolith culture and being female are risk factors of MAP urolithiasis in canines.
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Cancer is a major cause of death in dogs worldwide, and the incidence of cancer in dogs is increasing. The attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic (ATR-FTIR) technique is a powerful tool for the diagnosis of several diseases. This method enables samples to be examined directly without pre-preparation. In this study, we evaluated the diagnostic value of ATR-FTIR for the detection of cancer in dogs. Cancer-bearing dogs (n = 30) diagnosed by pathologists and clinically healthy dogs (n = 40) were enrolled in this study. Peripheral blood was collected for clinicopathological diagnosis. ATR-FTIR spectra were acquired, and principal component analysis was performed on the full wave number spectra (4,000–650 cm−1). The leave-one-out cross validation technique and partial least squares regression analysis were used to predict normal and cancer spectra. Red blood cell counts, hemoglobin levels and white blood cell counts were significantly lower in cancer-bearing dogs than in clinically healthy dogs (p < 0.01, p < 0.01 and p = 0.03, respectively). ATR-FTIR spectra showed significant differences between the clinically healthy and cancer-bearing groups. This finding demonstrates that ATR-FTIR can be applied as a screening technique to distinguish between cancer-bearing dogs and healthy dogs.
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Cancer is a major cause of death in dogs worldwide, and the incidence of cancer in dogs is increasing. The attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic (ATR-FTIR) technique is a powerful tool for the diagnosis of several diseases. This method enables samples to be examined directly without pre-preparation. In this study, we evaluated the diagnostic value of ATR-FTIR for the detection of cancer in dogs. Cancer-bearing dogs (n = 30) diagnosed by pathologists and clinically healthy dogs (n = 40) were enrolled in this study. Peripheral blood was collected for clinicopathological diagnosis. ATR-FTIR spectra were acquired, and principal component analysis was performed on the full wave number spectra (4,000–650 cm−1). The leave-one-out cross validation technique and partial least squares regression analysis were used to predict normal and cancer spectra. Red blood cell counts, hemoglobin levels and white blood cell counts were significantly lower in cancer-bearing dogs than in clinically healthy dogs (p < 0.01, p < 0.01 and p = 0.03, respectively). ATR-FTIR spectra showed significant differences between the clinically healthy and cancer-bearing groups. This finding demonstrates that ATR-FTIR can be applied as a screening technique to distinguish between cancer-bearing dogs and healthy dogs.
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Animals , Dogs , Cause of Death , Diagnosis , Erythrocyte Count , Fourier Analysis , Incidence , Least-Squares Analysis , Leukocyte Count , Mass Screening , Methods , Principal Component AnalysisABSTRACT
Objective To evaluate the antitumor activity both in vitro and in vivo of saponin–phospholipid complex of Panax notoginseng. Methods The in vitro cytotoxic effect of saponins extract and saponin–phospholipid complex against human lung cancer NCI-H460 and breast cancer cell lines BT474 was examined using MTS assay. For in vivo evaluation of antitumor potential, saponin and saponin–phospholipid complex were administered orally in rats induced mammary carcinogenesis by 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene, for 30 days. Results Our data showed that saponin–phospholipid complex had stronger anticancer effect compared to saponin extract. The IC50 values of saponin–phospholipid complex and saponin extract for NCI-H460 cell lines were 28.47 μg/mL and 47.97 μg/mL, respectively and these values for BT474 cells were 53.18 μg/mL and 86.24 μg/mL, respectively. In vivo experiments, administration of saponin, saponin–phospholipid complex and paclitaxel (positive control) effectively suppressed 7,12-dimethylbenz(a) anthracene-induced breast cancer evidenced by a decrease in tumor volume, the reduction of lipid peroxidation level and increase in the body weight, and elevated the enzymatic antioxidant activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase in rat breast tissue. Conclusions Our study suggests that saponin extract from Panax notoginseng and saponin–phospholipid complex have potential to prevent cancer, especially breast cancer.
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Objective: To compare biofilm formation in trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (SXT)- susceptible Escherichia coli (E. coli) (SSEC) and SXT-resistant E. coli (SREC) isolated from patients with urinary tract infections, and study the motile ability and physical characteristics of the isolates. Methods: A total of 74 E. coli isolates were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility with the disc diffusion assay. Based on the SXT-susceptibility test, the E. coli isolates were divided into SSEC (N = 30) and SREC(N = 44) groups. All E. coli isolates were examined for motile ability by using a motility test medium, and for checking biofilm formation a scanning electronmicroscope was used. Bacterial colony size was measured with a vernier caliper and bacterial cell length was measured under a light microscope. The bacterial growth rate was studied by plotting the cell growth (absorbance) versus the incubation time. Results: The frequencies of non-motility and biofilm formation in the SREC group were significantly higher than that in the SSEC group (P < 0.01). The SREC bacterial cell length was shorter than that in the SSEC group [(1.35 ± 0.05) vs. (1.53 ± 0.05) mm, P < 0.05)], whereas the bacterial colony size and mid-log phase of the growth curve were not significantly different. Conclusions: The present study indicated that biofilm formation and phenotypic change of uropathogenic E. coli can be attributed to the mechanism of E. coli SXT resistance.
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Objective: To analyze antioxidant and antibacterial properties of selected weeds commonly found in Northeast Thailand including Ageratum conyzoides L., Alysicarpus vaginalis L., Commelinabengalensis L., Euphorbia hirta L., Hyptis suaveolens L., Parthenocissus quinquefolia L., and Trianthema portulacastrum L. Methods: Ferric reducing antioxidant power and radical scavenging activity of the aqueous and ethanol weed extracts were determined. Phytochemical screening, total phenolic and flavonoid contents were done. Antibacterial activity against Aeromonas hydrophila, Aeromonas caviae,Edwardsiella tarda, Plesiomonas shigelloides, Ralstonia spp., Xanthomonas campestris pv. Vesicatoria, Salmonella spp. and Shigella spp. was performed by disc diffusion assay.Results:The results showed that Euphorbia hirta extract had the highest total phenolic contents and was the most effective against most of the test organisms compared to the other weed extracts. Hyptis suaveolens ethanol extract weakly inhibited Ralstonia spp. and Salmonella spp. (10.42% and 9.84% inhibition, respectively). Trianthema portulacastrum ethanol extract had 20.10%inhibition against Shigella spp. Parthenocissus quinquefolia aqueous extract strongly inhibitedAeromonas caviae and Aeromonas hydrophila with 55.90% and 59.68% inhibition, respectively. Conclusions: These weeds may be serving as a potential source of antibacterial agents.
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Objective: To analyze antioxidant and antibacterial properties of selected weeds commonly found in Northeast Thailand including Ageratum conyzoides L., Alysicarpus vaginalis L., Commelina bengalensis L., Euphorbia hirta L., Hyptis suaveolens L., Parthenocissus quinquefolia L., and Trianthema portulacastrum L. Methods: Ferric reducing antioxidant power and radical scavenging activity of the aqueous and ethanol weed extracts were determined. Phytochemical screening, total phenolic and flavonoid contents were done. Antibacterial activity against Aeromonas hydrophila, Aeromonas caviae, Edwardsiella tarda, Plesiomonas shigelloides, Ralstonia spp., Xanthomonas campestris pv. Vesicatoria, Salmonella spp. and Shigella spp. was performed by disc diffusion assay. Results: The results showed that Euphorbia hirta extract had the highest total phenolic contents and was the most effective against most of the test organisms compared to the other weed extracts. Hyptis suaveolens ethanol extract weakly inhibited Ralstonia spp. and Salmonella spp. (10.42% and 9.84% inhibition, respectively). Trianthema portulacastrum ethanol extract had 20.10% inhibition against Shigella spp. Parthenocissus quinquefolia aqueous extract strongly inhibited Aeromonas caviae and Aeromonas hydrophila with 55.90% and 59.68% inhibition, respectively. Conclusions: These weeds may be serving as a potential source of antibacterial agents.
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Background: The number of people diagnosed with diabetes trends to dramatically increase over time. Diabetes is recognized as a serious global health problem often resulting in substantial morbidity and mortality. Diabetes and its complications can be prevented or delayed through lifestyle alterations. Early diagnosis and identifying high risk people are beneficial in diabetes control.Objective: To study the prevalence of diabetes and impaired glucose tolerance in volunteers residing in rural and urban area of Khon Kaen Province and to follow-up diabetes and impaired glucose tolerance volunteers one year after the previous survey.Methods: The volunteers were interviewed and checked for general health status. After fasting overnight, the fasting plasma glucose and glucose tolerance test were conducted by taking 75 grams of glucose orally. Blood samples were analyzed for plasma glucose.Study design: Descriptive studySetting: Taang Kwang village, Wang Noi district; Noon Chai village, Khon Kaen township and Srinagarind hospital. Samples: One hundred and three volunteers in Taang Kwang, Wang-Noi district, Khon Kaen and 211 volunteers in Noon Chai village, Khon Kaen township, Khon KaenResults: In comparison of the prevalence of diabetes diagnosed by fasting plasma glucose, the urban and rural volunteers had 17.2% and 10% of diabetes respectively. The prevalence of diabetes was higher to 36% for urban and 19% for rural volunteers when diagnosed by oral glucose tolerance test. In the 1 year follow-up survey of rural volunteers showed that volunteers with diabetes changed their behaviour to increase exercise and diet control more than normal volunteers.Conclusion: The prevalence of diabetes was higher in urban volunteer group than in rural volunteer group. The prevalence was 2 times higher when diagnosed by glucose tolerance test both in urban and rural volunteers. In rural volunteer group, the prevalence of diabetes increased with the increasing age range while the prevalence of urban volunteer group was related to abdominal fat. The volunteers with high plasma glucose changed their lifestyle in favour of preventing long term complication and increased well-being.Keywords: diabetes of diabetes; urban and rural volunteer; lifestyle
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Lung cancer is a major health problem. In Thailand, it is the second most common in men and the fourth in women. Srinagarind cancer unit statistical data (2005) revealed that lung cancer is the second and the fifth in men and women admitted to Srinagarind hospital. Lung cancer can be classified into 2 groups, small cell lung cancer and non-small cell lung cancer. It can be treated by operation, chemotherapy and radiotherapy. The major cause of lung cancer is smoking which causes free radical formation in the body. However, our body has antioxidant systems, both non-enzyme system e.g. b-carotene, lycopene, vitamin E, vitamin C and enzyme system e.g. glutathione peroxidase (GPx) which has selenium as a cofactor, intracellular superoxide dismutase (SOD), extracellular superoxide dismutase (EC-SOD) and paraoxonase I (PON I). The b-carotene experiments (ATBC and CARET in the Finnish and American, respectively) showed that antioxidants may act as prooxidant in smokers. In animal model, b-carotene could decrease incidence of lung cancer in ferret depending on time and dosage. Lycopene supplementation influenced on cell proliferation and apoptosis pathway. However, lycopene supplementation is better for prostate cancer patients than lung cancer patients. Vitamin E decreases lung tumor in mice, its derivatives decrease inflammation and adaptation of Src gene. Vitamin C combined with N-acetylcystein decreased cell variability and malignant cells. It also activated lung cancer in chromium treated cells. Selenium has a chemopreventive role. GPx level was increased in lung cancer patients. SOD was higher in smoking group than non-smoking one. EC-SOD decreased inflammation, lung fibrosis and lung damage in animal. PON I level was lower in lung cancer patients than in normal people due to responded lipid peroxidation. However, combined supplementation may be a good alternative by which further study is required regarding the impact of these antioxidants in biological system, which includes beneficial as well as toxic health effect.