ABSTRACT
Background: Skin infections are common diseases in developing countries, Skin infections due to Dermatophytes has become a significant health problem affecting children, adolescents and adults of which Dermatophytosis are of particular concern in the tropics. Dermatophytosis constitutes a group of superficial fungal infections of the epidermis, hair and nails. Objective: Dermatophytosis: North India. Methods: The study was conducted at the Department of Microbiology, Hind Institute of Medical Sciences, Barabanki, Uttar Pradesh. All samples in the form of skin and nails were collected randomly in batches under aseptically condition from both out patients & in- patients. KOH mount was done for direct exam. Culture was also done. Results: A total of 354 samples were collected of which majority were skin 341 (96.3%). Majority of the patients belonged to the age group of 21-30 (33.9%) and were males (81.4%). Groin lesion was the most common lesion (58.5%). KOH, culture and both tests positive was found in 78%, 79.7% and 66.7% samples respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of KOH was 88.7% and 44.4% respectively with positive predictive and negative predictive value of 85.5% and 41% respectively. Conclusion: In the present study, Dermatophytosis is a major problem in North Indian population & prevalence of dermatophytic infection is alarming in both rural as well as urban community in the district of Barabanki, UP.
ABSTRACT
Background: Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) is a gram negative bacilli. It is an opportunistic human pathogen and plays an important role in nosocomial infection. It is hard to treat because some factor and several mechanisms are involved in resistant organism. Aim: Isolation, Identification and Antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Methods: This study was conducted during October 2014 to September 2015.Total 2492 samples were collected in which 822 samples show growth. Out of 822, 68 samples were positive for Pseudomonas aeruginosa on the basis of their growth on culture media, oxidase test and biochemical tests. The Antimicrobial susceptibility test of isolates was performed by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method according to CLSI guidelines (2014). Results: Majority of Pseudomonas aeruginosa was isolated from pus, urine and swab. The isolated pathogens were maximum sensitivity to Imepenem (88.24%) followed by Meropenem (83.82%), Piperacillin-Tazobactam (82.35%) and were maximum resistance to Gentamicin (61.76%), Tobramycin (60.29%).Conclusion: To conclude, Imepenem, Meropenem and Piperacillin-Tazobactam were found to be the most effective antimicrobial drugs. It should be used in limit. The use of Gentamicin and Tobramycin should be reduced.
ABSTRACT
Background: Acinetobacter species are most common pathogen to cause nosocomial infection, especially to the immune compromised patients or patients who are admitted in Hospital. These species causes UTI, Pulmonary infection, Septicaemia, Wound and soft tissue infection. Methods: In this study, total samples collected were 2404 in which 1700 were positive where as 289 were non-lactose fermenter & 1411 were lactose fermenter. Results: Total 89 Acinetobacter species isolated from various clinical specimens. Ampicillin/Sulbactum (91.0%), Ciprofloxacin (90.0%) & Ceftriaxone (89.0%) were more resistance & Colistin (72.0%), Meropenem (66.0%) were more sensitive. These species transmitted by patient contact, bedding, clothing, fomites, etc. Conclusion: Our study sugests that disinfectant & sterilization more important in routine.