ABSTRACT
Staphylococcus species is an important cause of nosocomial and community acquired infections worldwide. Clindamycin is an alternative agents used to treat erythromycin resistant Staphylococcal infections. Clinical failure also reported due to various mechanisms of resistance to MLSB antibiotics. Accurate identification of clindamycin resistance is important to prevent therapeutic failure. Unfortunately, inducible Clindamycin resistance is not detected by standard susceptibility tests. Aims: The aim of the present study was to detect the prevalence of inducible clindamycin and methicillin resistance among clinical isolates of Staphylococcal species via antibiotic sensitivity test form various clinical samples. Methods: Total 153 Staphylococcal isolates were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility testing by as per guidelines. For detection of MRSA cefoxitin disc and for inducible clindamycin resistance, D test was performed. Results: Out of 153 samples, 119 were Staphylococcus aureus and 34 were Coagulase negative Staphylococcus (CoNS). Out of which 62.18 % were MRSA and 37.81 % were MSSA. Inducible MLSB phenotype was detected in 31.09 %, MS phenotype and constitutive MLSB phenotype in 42.85 % and 10.08 %. Conclusion: So it can be concluded from our study that D-test should be routinely performed in microbiology laboratory for every Staphylococcal isolates otherwise clindamycin resistance may misinterpreted as clindamycin sensitive resulting in therapeutic failure.
ABSTRACT
Majority of anaerobes involved in dental infections are thought to be endogenous in origin. Due to breech of continuity of pulp chamber bacterial colonization occurs. Responsible pathogens are polymicrobial. If left untreated in early stages, it can act as foci of disseminated infections and spread rapidly to adjacent structures leading to life threatening conditions. Aims: The present study was undertaken to identify different anaerobic organisms and their association with risk factors. Methods: 40 pus samples were collected after mouth wash from patients presented with dental abscess. Samples were processed immediately for aerobic and anaerobic culture. After comparing with the aerobic culture, obligate anaerobes were checked for aero tolerance. Subculture done for identification of species by Gram stain, colony morphology and conventional biochemical tests. Final identification was done by Vitek 2 system. Results: 40 (100%) samples were culture positive. Total 60 bacterial isolates recovered from this 40 samples. Out of which aerobes 36 (60%) and anaerobes 24 (40%) isolated. Aerobes present in 18 (45%), anaerobes present in 12 (30%) cases and mixed aerobic and anaerobic flora in 10 (25 %) cases. Predominant isolates were anaerobic cocci, Peptostreptococcus micros (41.6%) followed by Peptostreptococcus anaerobios (25%).Diabetes mellitus, bad chewing habits, poor oral hygiene found as significant risk factors. Conclusion: This study highlights polymicrobial nature of infections and role of anaerobes play as pathogens. Early diagnosis and interventions are extremely important to prevent systemic complications. One should have a high index of suspicion of anaerobes while dealing with dental infections.