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Good sleep is essential for children′s physical and mental health, growth, and development.Adequate and high-quality sleep positively impacts children′s quality of life, memory, learning, attention, mood, and behavior.Children of different ages have different sleep needs.Children have various sleep problems in different cultures.Therefore, it is significant to guide children to get healthy sleep by popularizing the sleep problems of Chinese children of all ages and in all dimensions.Based on China′s social and cultural background, this paper summarizes the contents related to children′s sleep physiology, good sleep habits, common sleep problems, sleep apnea disorders, hypnagogic sleep, narcolepsy, insomnia, and other issues that interfere with children′s sleep.Chinese sleep experts summarize and interpret the 100 sleep health problems of children that medical workers and parents are most concerned about.To promote children′s sleep health and popularize solutions to sleep problems.
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Objective:To investigate the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) of pulse oximetry among pediatric healthcare providers in China and analyze the factor influencing the KAP.Methods:A self-developed questionnaire was used for an online research on the KAP of 11 849 pediatric healthcare providers from 31 provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities of China from March 11 to 14, 2022.The factors influencing the KAP of pulse oximetry among pediatric healthcare providers were examined by Logistic regression. Results:The scores of KAP, of pulse oximetry were 5.57±0.96, 11.24±1.25 and 11.19±4.54, respectively.The corresponding scoring rates were 69.61%, 74.95%, and 55.99%, respectively. Logistic regression results showed that the gender and working years of pediatric healthcare providers, the region they were located, and whether their medical institution was equipped with pulse oximeters were the main factors affecting the knowledge score (all P<0.05). Main factors influencing the attitude score of pediatric healthcare providers included their knowledge score, gender, educational background, working years, region, medical institution level, and whether the medical institution was equipped with pulse oximeters (all P<0.05). For the practice score, the main influencing factors were the knowledge score, gender, age, and whether the medi-cal institution was equipped with pulse oximeters (all P<0.05). Conclusions:Chinese pediatric healthcare providers need to further improve their knowledge about and attitudes towards pulse oximetry.Pulse oximeters are evidently under-used.It is urgent to formulate policies or guidelines, strengthen education and training, improve knowledge and attitudes, equip more institutions with pulse oximeters, and popularize their application in medical institutions.
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Group A Streptococcus (GAS) is a very important pathogen, especially for children.On a global scale, GAS is an important cause of morbidity and mortality.But the burden of disease caused by GAS is still unknown in China and also has not obtained enough attention.For this purpose, the expert consensus is comprehensively described in diagnosis, treatment and prevention of GAS diseases in children, covering related aspects of pneumology, infectiology, immunology, microbiology, cardiology, nephrology, critical care medicine and preventive medicine.Accordingly, the consensus document was intended to improve management strategies of GAS disease in Chinese children.
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Objective:To investigate the correlation between serum indexes of children with simple obesity in Xinjiang area and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone (RAS)system, thus providing evidence to clarify the pathogenesis of childhood obesity.Methods:It was a cross-sectional study involving 41 children with simple obesity (case group) and 41 age-matched healthy children (control group) through the cluster random sampling in Tacheng area of Xinjiang.The mean age of in both groups was (10.04±1.66) years and (10.12±1.68) years, respectively.Serum adipokines, insulin level and RAS indexes between groups were compared by the Student′s t test.The correlation between serum adipokines and RAS activity in children with simple obesity was assessed by the Pearson′ s correlation test. Results:The serum adiponectin(APN) level[(7.90±1.96) μg/L vs.(8.87±1.61) μg/L, P=0.017]was significantly lower in case group than that of control group, while leptin[(6.81±1.88) ng/L vs.(5.87±1.79) ng/L, P=0.023]and resistin levels[(12.61±3.63) ng/L vs.(10.18±3.07) ng/L, P=0.002] were significantly higher.RAS indexes, including the renin[(35.78±10.08) ng/L vs.(29.24±10.69) ng/L, P=0.007], aldosterone (ALD)[(106.90±20.18) ng/L vs.(97.68±17.60) ng/L, P=0.028] and angiotensin-Ⅱ (Ang-Ⅱ)[(55.65±10.37) ng/L vs.(48.78±9.26) ng/L, P=0.002] levels were significantly higher in case group than those of control group.In the case group, serum APN level was negatively correlated with renin, ALD and Ang-Ⅱ levels ( r=-0.646, -0.752, -0.839, all P<0.001), while serum leptin and resistin levels were positively correlated with renin, ALD and Ang-Ⅱ levels ( r=0.940, 0.871, 0.875; 0.877, 0.892, 0.914, all P<0.001). Conclusions:Serum adipokine in school-age children with simple obesity in Xinjiang area is dysregulated, which interferes with the activity of RAS.
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Objective Obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) is one of the common diseases in pediatrics.OSAHS morbidity getting rising recently.Parents and doctors start to pay more attention to this disease because of its severity.Researches show that it affect children development seriously,in both physiological and psychological aspects,even can responsible for suddenly death in children.In our country researches about OSAHS start late.The researches about OSAHS are getting more in recent years.This article reviews recent researches about OSAHS in global and sum up its diagnosis.
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Objective To understand the change of plasma lipopolysaccharide(LPS) in Kazakh children with overweight and obesity and to investigate the correlation between LPS and physical measurement indexes .Methods One hundred and four children were selected from 7648 native school age children in Altay area participating in the Epidemiological Investigation of Overweight and Obesity of School Age Children in Xinjiang as the research subjects .The physical measurement indexes such as body weight , height ,waist circumference(WC) ,hip circumference(HP) and blood pressure were measured ,and the body mass index (BMI) and waist to height ratio(WHtR) were calculated .LPS and biochemical indexes such as blood glucose(FPG) and blood lipid were detec-ted .Results With BMI increase ,the indexes including WC ,HP ,systolic blood pressure(SBP) and WHtR were also increased .The serum LPS and TG levels in the obesity group were significantly higher than those in the overweight group and control group .LPS had positive correlation with BMI grade (normal ,overweight and obesity ) ,r=0 .865 ,P= 0 .000 ,and also had positive correlation with WC (r=0 .556 ,P=0 .000) and WHtR(r=0 .477 ,P=0 .000) respectively ;the Kazakh school age chidren with WHtR abnor-mal increase had higher blood pressure and LPS level .WHtR and SBP had a positive correlation(r=0 .441 ,P=0 .000) .Conclusion LPS is correlated with overweight and obesity in Kazakh school age children .The child with abdominal obesity is easier to appear SBP abnormal elevation and LPS level increase .
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Objective To investigate the relationship between β3 - adrenergic receptor(β3 - AR)gene poly-morphism and the susceptibility of occurrence in children obesity. Methods The database of PubMed,Web of Science,Springer Link,Medlink,SinoMed,Wanfang,VIP and CNKI were systematically browsed online. The study re-ports regarding β3 - AR associated with children obesity from January 1995 to February 2014 were included in the re-search. The data were extracted,evaluated and heterogeneity tested by using software RevMan 5. 1. Results A total of 162 related literature were retrieved,and 9 of them were eligible with 1 494 obese children and 1 623 normal children were included. Allele T compared with C,the differences between the study group and the control group were statistical-ly significant(P < 0. 05),the findings from the same TC + CC compared to TT and TC compared with TT + CC were similar. Japanese research findings were similar to those of China,but the differences between the study group and the control group had no statistical significance(P ﹥ 0. 05)in Hungary. The sensitivity analysis in each study was stable and the funnel graphics were basically symmetric. The results of sensitivity analysis and publication bias diagnostics demonstrated the reliability and stability of the Meta analysis. Conclusions TC + CC/ TT,TC/ TT + CC genotype and allele T/ C are related to the occurrence of childhood obesity in China,Japan,but there is no significant correlation with childhood obesity in Hungary. There are regional difference between β3 - AR gene polymorphism and genetic susceptibility to children obesity.
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Objective To evaluate the relationship between vitamin D receptor(VDR) (rs731236)single nucleotide polymorphisms and genetic susceptibility to overweight/obesity in school-age children of Han and Kazakh in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region.Methods The VDR gene rs731236 genotypes were detected by using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism method in 250 overweight/obesity school-age children(127Han,123 Kazakh) and 255 healthy controls(131 Han,124 Kazakh) as well.Results (1)There were statistically significant differences in the frequencies of rs731236 genotypes and alleles between the healthy controls of Han and Kazakh (x2 =9.904,P =0.005;x2 =9.312,P =0.002).(2)There were statistically significant differences in the frequencies of TT/Tt + tt genotype and the alleles between the overweight/obesity cases and healthy controls of Kazakh (x2 =3.891,P =0.049 ; x2 =5.871,P =0.015).But the difference in frequencies of rs731236 genotypes and alleles between the overweight/obesity cases and controls of Han were not statistically significant (x2 =0.064,P =0.800 ; x2 =0.190,P =0.663).(3)There were statistically significant differences in the frequencies of TT/Tt + tt genotype and alleles between the overweight/obesity cases and healthy controls of male school-age children of Kazakh (x2 =5.25,P =0.02;x2 =4.57,P =0.03),but the differences in frequencies of rs731236 genotypes and alleles between the overweight/obesity cases and controls were not statistically significant in female school-age children of Kazakh (x2 =0.06,P =0.80 ; x2 =1.40,P =0.24).There was no statistically significant difference in the frequencies of TT/Tt + tt genotype and alleles between the overweight/obesity cases and healthy controls of female school-age children of Han (x2 =0.04,P =0.84 ; x2 =0.04,P =0.84),and there was no statistically significant difference in male school-age children of Han(x2 =0.05,P=0.82;x2 =0.18,P=0.67).Conclusions VDR gene(rs731236)polymorphism bears ethnic diffe-rence.The polymorphisms of VDR gene polymorphism rs731236 are not associated with the susceptibility to overweight/obesity in school-age children of Han,while it is associated with the susceptibility to overweight/obesity school-age children in Kazakh,especially in male school-age children.
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Objective The fat mass-and obesity-associated (FTO) gene is related to increased body mass index (BMI) and elevated energy intake .This study explored the contribution of the interaction between FTO gene polymorphism and 1ife style to the risk of obesity in the Kazakh schoolchildren . Methods A total of 279 Kazakh schoolchildren aged 6-13 years were selected from Yili Ka-zakh Child Obesity Study and divided into an obesity group (n=141) and a normal weight group (n=138) based on the BMI cutoffs rec-ommended by the Chinese Working Group on Obesity for Children .The children were subjected to anthropometric measurement , question-naire investigation , and determination of the rs9939609 polymorphism of the FTO gene. Results Six risk factors of obesity were extrac-ted by factor analysis, including harmful eating habits, appetite status, outdoor activities, fussiness about food, activity mode, and hours of sleep.Logistic regression analysis showed that the interaction between rs 9939609 polymorphism and appetite status constituted an obe-sity risk of 76.49%, and that between rs9939609 polymorphism and outdoor activities constituted an obesity risk of 79.95%. Conclusion Appetite status and outdoor activities might modify the relationship of the FTO gene with the risk of obesity in Kazakh school-children.However, further prospective interventions are needed verify the influence of the interaction between the FTO gene and life style on the risk of obesity.
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Objective To discuss the variation in serum factor IL-6,anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10,and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) level of children with obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) and their clinical significances.Methods One hundred and forty-two hospitalized children were divided into 2 groups:OSAHS group (47 cases) and the control group (95 cases),according to test result of polysomnography (the golden standard).The differences of IL-6,IL-10,high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) and ICAM-1 level between the two groups were measured and compared by using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay,and correlation analysis between IL-6,IL-10,ICAM-1 and each sleep-breathing parameter of OSAHS group was performed.The children of OSAHS group were divided into 3 groups:mild,moderate and severe group,according to the level of apnea hypopnea index(AHI).Statistical analysis was performed on the above indexes among the 3 groups.Reassessment of the children diagnosed with OSAHS was performed after 12 weeks of treatment.Results The serum levels of IL-6,ICAM-1 and hsCRP [(2.98 ± 0.27) ng/L,(391.7 ± 115.6) μg/L,(15.4 ± 4.9) mg/L] of OSAHS group were significantly higher than those of the control group[(1.67 ± 0.07) rng/L,(189.8 ± 106.4) μg/L,(2.5 ± 2.1) mg/L],while its serum IL-10 level was lower than that of the control group[(195.2 ± 33.6) ng/L vs (458.5 ± 102.2)ng/L],and there were significant differences between the 2 groups (t =33.26,32.45,10.94,-53.72,all P ＜0.01) ; there were significant differences in terms of IL-6,IL-10 and ICAM-1 level among the mild,the moderate and the severe groups (F =128.90,102.60,8.25,all P ＜0.05).Of which the serum levels of IL-6,ICAM-1 and hsCRP of the severe group[(3.22 0.27) ng/L,(427.7 ± 95.4) μg/L,(21.0 ± 3.9) mg/L] were higher than those of the mild group [(1.92 ± 0.24) ng/L,(236.5 ± 115.6) μg/L,(11.0 ± 3.8) mg/L] and the moderate group [(2.02 ± 0.31) ng/L,(401.5 ± 105.6) μg/L,(17.0 ± 2.8)mg/L],and serum levels of IL-6,ICAM-1 as well as hsCRP were increased accompanied with the raise of AHI.While the serum level of IL-10[(115.2 ±30.6) ng/L] in the severe group was lower than that of the mild and the moderate groups [(400.2 ± 55.6) ng/L,(203.2 ± 27.6) ng/L] ; serum levels of IL-6 and ICAM-1 of OSAHS children were positively correlated with AHI and micro-arousal index (r =0.341,0.427,all P ＜0.05),negatively correlated with lowest oxygen saturation (LSaO2) at night (r =-0.190,P ＜ 0.01),and without correlation with body mass index (BMI) (r =-0.121,P ＞ 0.05).Serum level of IL-10 was negatively correlated with AHI (r =-0.266,P ＜ 0.05),positively correlated with LSaO2 (r =0.240,P ＜ 0.01),and without correlation with BMI or micro-arousal index (r =-0.183,-0.159,all P ＞ 0.05) ; After 12-week treatment,the IL-6 and ICAM-1 levels of OSAHS group [(2.02 ± 0.13)ng/L,(269.9 ± 107.2) μg/L] were decreased,while IL-10 [(476.3 ± 86.t2) ng/L] were increased compared with pre-treatment[(3.08 ± 0.30) ng/L,(187.2 ± 29.63) ng/L,(379.9 ± 105.2) μg/L] (t =24.22,22.32,66.96,all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions OSAHS children have systemic inflammatory response,which may increase the risk of cardiovascular disease; this inflammatory response is reversible,so early identification and treatment of OSAHS is beneficial.
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Sleep disorders are common diseases in children,although in recent years,pediatric sleep medicine had sustained development,but sleep problems in children's daily life are still more common and serious,the visiting rate is becoming higher.Pediatric sleep disorder can result in damage to the cognitive growth and behavior of children.In order to capture the majority of pediatric medical workers and parents attention,this review focuses on current diagnosis and therapy for selected common pediatric sleep disorders including obstructive sleep apnea syndrome,restless legs syndrome and narcolepsy.
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Objective To investigate intestinal bacteria genera distribution between normal weight and overweight/obesity school-age children in Yili region of Xinjiang.Methods Selecting eligible 150 fecal samples from school-age children (aged from 7 to 13 years old),all samples were divided into normal weight group and overweight/obesity group according to the body mass index (BMI),and each group contained 75 samples.Fecal samples were collected and DNA was extracted,then 6 types of intestinal bacteria genera were detected by the quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction.Results The distribution of age,gender,ethnicity and hip circumference between 2 groups had no statistically significance (all P ＞ 0.05),except that of BMI and waist circumference (t ＝ 20.740,8.533,all P ＜ 0.01).The concentration of Lactobacillus,Clostridium and Enterococcus were significantly higher in the obese/overweight children (t =9.735,9.681,26.070,all P ＜ 0.01),whereas no significant differences were found in the concentration of Escherichia,Bifidobacterium and Bacteroides between 2 groups.According to the stratified analysis of ethnicity,gender and age,there was no significant difference among Han,Kazakh and Uyghur children.While stratified by gender,Bifidobactcrium was significantly lower in girls than that of boys (t =4.931,P ＜ 0.05).The distribution of the 6 types of intestinal bacteria genera was no statistically significant among different ethnicity,gender and age groups.Conclusions The intestinal bacteria genera number distribution in different ethnicity,gender and age groups makes no sense.The 16SrRNA type number of the Lactobacillus,Clostridium and Enterococcus may be associated with childhood obesity.
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Objective To investigate the relationship of apolipoprotein E (ApoE) gene polymorphism and the suscepti-bility of childhood obesity Methods The database of PubMed, OVID, Science online, BMJ, Springer Link, Medlink, China Journal Full-text and Wanfang were systematically searched. The studies regarding ApoE polymorphism associated with child-hood obesity from March 1996 to March 2013 were included in the research. The data were extracted, evaluated and hetero-geneity tested using software Rev Man 5.0. Results A total of 84 related literature were retrieved, and 9 of them were eligible with 767 obese children and 867 normal children included. According to the heterogeneity test results, the relationship between ApoE gene allele,ε2,ε3,ε4 and childhood obesity occurs was analyzed by means of ifxed or random effect model. The results indicated that, comparing to children with normal body mass, the OR value and 95%CI of ApoE allele geneε2,ε3,ε4 in obese children were 1.10 (0.85, 1.43), 0.66 (0.55, 0.80), and 1.82 (1.31, 2.52) respectively. The differences ofε3 andε4 between normal and obese children were signiifcant (P<0.001) but notε2 (P=0.45). The sensitivity analysis in each study was stable and the funnel graphics were basically symmetric. Conclusions ApoE gene polymorphism is closely related to childhood obesity withε3 allele as a protective factor whileε4 allele as a risk factor.
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Objective To research the infections of respiratory syneytial virus(RSV)in children with respiratory tract inflammation and define its molecular epidemic features in Urumchi.Methods SamDles were collected from November 2006 to April 2007 in the People's General Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region,including 112 respiratory secretions and 280 nasopharyngeal swabs. RSV and its subgroups were detected by nested PCR.The five positive amplicons selected randomly from all positive samples were sequenced and compared with other RSV in GenBank by BLAST and DNAStar.Results of all 392specimens.68 RSV G gene segments were tested.Among them,RSV lineage A occupied 93.3%,while B occuDied 6.7%.The identities between them were 63.1%-99.4%.Phylogenetic analysis defined that they belonged to two different clusters.Conclusion RSV was one of the important viruses leading to children's respiratory tract infections in the People's General Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region during winter and spring from 2006 to 2007.RSV subtype A was the prevalent genotype in the hospital dunng this epidemics.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the association of rs9939609 polymorphism of the fat mass and obesity associated gene (FTO) with overweight or obesity in Hazakh children.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism was used to determine the rs9939609 polymorphism in 141 patients with overweight or obesity and 138 healthy controls. Height and weight were measured for body mass index (BMI). Serum lipid levels including total cholesterol, triglyceride, high-density and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, blood pressure, plasma glucose levels, and plasma insulin were also determined.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The genotype distributions of both groups were in the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The frequencies of AA, AT and TT were 0.071, 0.511 and 0.418 in the overweight or obesity group, and 0.029, 0.428 and 0.543 in the controls (Chi-square = 5.74, P= 0.057). However, the frequency of AA+ AT genotype in case group (0.582, 82/141) was higher than that in the controls (0.457, 63/138)(Chi-square = 4.368, P= 0.037). The A allele frequency in the case group (0.326) was higher than that in the controls (0.243) (Chi-square = 4.772, P= 0.029). In both groups, the plasma glucose levels of individuals with AA+ AT genotype (4.88± 0.51 mol/L) was higher than those with TT genotypes (4.68± 0.56 mol/L)(P= 0.026). Logistic regression analysis showed that the A allele of the FTO gene was an independent risk factor for overweight or obesity (OR= 0.527; 95%CI: 0.319-0.869).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The A allele of the fat mass and obesity associated gene might be a risk factor of overweight or obesity in Hazakh children in Xinjiang.</p>
Subject(s)
Child , Female , Humans , Male , Alpha-Ketoglutarate-Dependent Dioxygenase FTO , Analysis of Variance , Case-Control Studies , China , Ethnology , Ethnicity , Genetics , Gene Frequency , Genotype , Obesity , Blood , Genetics , Metabolism , Phenotype , Polymorphism, Genetic , Genetics , Proteins , GeneticsABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Epidermal growth factor can inhibit gastric acid secretion, promote the healing from the ulcer, protect mucous membrane, and enhance the growth and proliferation of mucous membrane cells of the gastrointestinal tract.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of epidermal growth factor at different doses on the barrier function of the intestinal mucous membrane in rats after radioactive damage.DESIGN: A randomized controlled trial.SETTING: Department of Clinical Trophology, First Affiliated Hospital and College of Public Health.MATERIALS: The experiment was completed at the Public Health Department of Xinjiang Medical University and the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University from August 2001 to May 2003. Totally 80 newborn Wistar rats, half male and half female, were involved in the study.METHODS: Wistar rats were randomly divided into the control groups(positive and negative) and intervention groups(30 μg/kg, 20 μg/kg, 10 μg/kg) with 16 rats in each group and half male and half female. The models were made by a single radiation of 9.5Gy on the abdomen except for the negative control group. Epidermal growth factor was injected subcutaneously once per day for intervention. Eight days later, the body mass, food intake, efficiency of food utilization were observed and the morphology of the intestinal mucous membrane was checked.dermal growth factor on the increased body mass, food intake and food intake observation of the intestinal mucous membrane under the optic microscope and the electric-microscope.group of rats with epidermal growth factor of 30, 20, 10 μg/kg and the intake of the female and male rats in the group with epidermal growth factor of 30, 20, 10 μ g/kg was significantly different compared with that of the rats in the negative control group( P ＜ 0.05), while there was no significant under the optic microscope and electric microscope showed that when epidermal growth factor was administrated, epidermal growth factor could apparently improve the intestinal mucosal barrier function with the increase of the dose, especially in the group with epidermal growth factor of 30 μ g/kg,which indicates that epithelial cells were increased obviously and cup shaped cells were also increased.CONCLUSION: Epidermal growth factor might not affect the body mass,food intake and efficiency of food intake of the rats, but large doses of epidermal growth factor can improve the morphology of the intestinal mucous membrane and promote the proliferation and repairs.