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BACKGROUND: Beijing 2022 Olympic Winter Games was the second Games held amid the COVID-19 pandemic. To a certain extent, it has altered the way sporting activities operate. There is a lack of knowledge on injury risk and illness occurrence in elite winter sport athletes amid the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aimed to describe the incidence of injuries and illnesses sustained during the XXIV Olympic Winter Games in Beijing from February 4 to 20, 2022. METHODS: We recorded the daily number of injuries and illnesses among athletes reported by Beijing 2022 medical staff in the polyclinic, medical venues, and ambulance. We calculated injury and illness incidence as the number of injuries or illnesses occurring during competition or training, respectively, with incidence presented as injuries/illnesses per 100 athlete-days. RESULTS: In total, 2,897 athletes from 91 nations experienced injury or illness. Beijing 2022 medical staff reported 326 injuries and 80 illnesses, equaling 11.3 injuries and 2.8 illnesses per 100 athletes over the 17-day period. Altogether, 11％ of the athletes incurred at least one injury and nearly 3％ incurred at least one illness. The number of injured athletes was highest in the skating sports (n=104), followed by alpine skiing (n=53), ice track (n=37), freestyle skiing (n=36), and ice hockey (n=35), and was the lowest in the Nordic skiing disciplines (n=20). Of the 326 injuries, 14 (4.3％) led to an estimated absence from training or competition of more than 1 week. A total of 52 injured athletes were transferred to hospitals for further care. The number of athletes with illness (n=80) was the highest for skating (n=33) and Nordic skiing (n=22). A total of 50 illnesses (62.5％) were admitted to the department of dentistry/ophthalmology/otolaryngology, and the most common cause of illness was other causes, including preexisting illness and medicine (n=52, 65％). CONCLUSION: Overall, 11％ of athletes incurred at least one injury during the Games, which is similar to the findings during the Olympic Winter Games in 2014 and 2018. Regarding illness, 2％ of athletes were affected, which is approximately one-third of the number affected in the 2018 Olympic Winter Games.
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With increasing morbidity and mortality, acute myocardial infarction (AMI) has become one of the major causes of human death, leading to heavy burdens to individuals, families and society. Previous researches have found that though large amount of resources and great effort were devoted, no significant improvements were achieved in reducing the in-hospital mortality of AMI patients. Meanwhile, extensive studies about Chinese medicine (CM) have found that CM has special advantages in treating AMI patients. However, there is no standardized and unified clinical practice guideline (CPG) of CM for AMI. Therefore, a CPG with strict standard and generally acknowledgement is urgent to be established. This guideline was developed following the methodological process established by the World Health Organization Handbook for Guideline Development. Extensive search on clinical evidences including systematic review (SR), randomized controlled trial (RCT), observational study and case reports was launched, covering evidence of CM for AMI on several aspects, such as diagnosis, CM patterns, CM interventions on AMI and complications, cardiac rehabilitation and clinical pathway management. Besides, the application of Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach enabled the evaluation of evidence and formulation of grade of recommendation (GOR) and level of evidence (LOE). With the help of GOR and LOE, this CPG recommends the integrative CM and WM treatment method in AMI patients and provides useful information on medical decision for clinical physicians.
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Objective To understand the relationship between the concentration of air pollutants and daily emergency department visits for different diseases (circulatory system disease, digestive system disease, nervous system disease and respiratory system disease) in Guangzhou, Guangdong Province. Methods The daily average concentrations of sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2, carbon monoxide (CO) and PM2.5 and the daily maximum 8-hour concentrations of O3, the daily average temperature, the relative humidity and cause -specific emergency department visits of the four major diseases from 2015 to 2017 were collected in Guangzhou. Semi-parametric generalized additive model was used to analyze the relationship between the concentration of pollutants and daily cause-specific emergency department visits. Results The daily average concentrations of SO2, NO2, CO, O3 and PM2.5 during the study period were 13.24 μg /m3, 45.96 μg /m3, 0.97 mg /m3, 123.77 μg /m3 and 36.22 μg /m3, respectively. For circulatory system disease，the independently significant associations of SO2 with emergency department visits in single-pollutant models (2.91%, 95% CI: 1.00%-4.85%), and multipollutant models (4.39%, 95% CI: 1.22%-7.67%) were observed. Conclusion The ambient SO2 increases the risk of emergency department visits due to circulatory diseases in Guangzhou. Comprehensive prevention and control measures should be taken to reduce the emission of SO2.
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The study is aimed to construct high quality Salvia miltiorrhiza cDNA library and obtain the SmJAZ8 gene of S. miltiorrhiza by yeast two-hybrid system. In this study， full-length cDNA was synthesized from roots， stems， leaves， flowers and hairy roots of S. miltiorrhiza. The full-length cDNA library was synthesized by SMART method and constructed with DSN homogenization technique. The results showed that the library capacity was 1.45×10⁶， the recombination rate was 100%， and the average size of the insert was 500-2 000 bp. The recombinant vector of pDEST-pGADT7-SmJAZ8 was constructed and transformed into Y2HGold strain. The interaction protein was screened by yeast two-hybrid system. The DnaJ protein and UBQ protein were screened by yeast two-hybrid system. This study has successfully constructed a full-length cDNA library of S. miltiorrhiza， and laid the foundation for the follow-up study on functional gene screening and gene function of S. miltiorrhiza.
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Co-Repressor Proteins , Genetics , DNA, Complementary , Gene Library , Plant Proteins , Genetics , Salvia miltiorrhiza , Genetics , Two-Hybrid System TechniquesABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE To investigate the expression of zonula occluden-1(ZO-1) in hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma(HSCC) and its clinical significance.METHODS Immunohistochemistry with tissue microarrays was used to detect the expression of the ZO-1 protein in 52 cases of HSCC.The correlation of prognosis and clinicopathological features was analyzed.RESULTS The expression of ZO-1 protein in HSCC was lower than that in adjacent tissues,its expression was closely related with tumor differentiation,tumor stage,tumor location and lymphatic metastasis.The Log-rank univariate analysis showed that the prognosis of HSCC was related to tumor differentiation,tumor stage,lymphatic metastasis and tumor location.The patients with lower expression of ZO-1 showed the worse prognosis than patients with higher expression of ZO-1.As shown in the Cox regression analyses,tumor differentiation,lymphatic metastasis,the ZO-1 expression and tumor stage were all independent prognostic factors.CONCLUSION The ZO-1 can serve as an independent prognostic factor of HSCC,and the low expression of ZO-1 is closely related to poor prognosis.
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Objective Normal nucleus pulposus cells (nNPCs) can induce the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs).However, the inductive effect of degeneration nucleus pul-posus cells ( dNPCs ) on MSCs has not been determined .This study aimed to compare nNPCs with dNPCs in inducing MSCs into nucleus pulposuslike cells. Methods MSCs (cell line) were co-cultured with NPCs (cell line/isolated from patients with intervertebral disc degeneration) in 3D in vitro.The cells were divided into 5 groups:nNPCs control group, dNPCs control group, MSCs control group, nNPCs-MSCs group (MSCs induced by nNPCs), dNPCs-MSCs group (MSCs induced by dNPCs).After co-cultured for 7 days, the expression level of aggrecan (ACAN), type II collagen (COL-2), SOX-9, matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) and MMP-3 in all the 5 groups'cellswere detected by RT-PCR and Western-blot. Results The RT-PCR results showed the expression of ACAN , COL-2 and SOX-9 in nNPCs-MSCs group was higher than that in dNPCs control group and dNPCs -MSCs group (all P<0.05).The expression of MMP-1 and MMP-3 in nNPCs-MSCs group and dNPCs-MSCs group was lower than that in dNPCs control group ( all P<0.01) , but there was no difference when compared with nNPCs control group and MSCs control group (all P>0.05).Western-blot analysis showed that the expression of ACAN , COL-2 and SOX-9 in nNPCs-MSCs group was higher than that in dNPCs control group and dNPCs-MSCs group (all P<0.05).The expression of MMP-1 and MMP-3 in nNPCs-MSCs group and dNPCs-MSCs group was lower than that in nNPCs control group and dNPCs control group ( all P<0.01) , but there was no difference compared with MSCs control group ( all P>0.05) . Conclusion Both nNPCs and dNPCs could induce the differentiation of MSCs into nucleus pulposus cells .After co-cultured with nNPCs, the expression level of ACAN, COL-2 and SOX-9 of MSCs was similar to that of nNPCs, which was superior to the induc-tion of MSCs by dNPCs under the same culture conditions .
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Aim To investigate the protective effect of paeoniflorin on TNF-α induced intestinal epithelial barrier dysfunction and its mechanisms.Methods The Caco-2 cells were cultured and the MTF assay was used to determine the effects of the paeoniflorin on Caco-2 cell activity.The Caco-2 cell intestinal epithelial barrier dysfunciton model was established through incubation of cells with TNF-α.The effects of paeoniflorin on intestinal epithelial barrier dysfunciton were studied.Results The transmembrane resistance in Caco-2 epithelial barrier was significantly reduced by TNF-α incubation;MLCK significantly increased,while tight junction protein occludin and ZO-1 significantly decreased by TNF-α.These changes were significantly reversed by paeoniflorin,which reduced MLCK expression and enhanced expression of occludin and ZO-1.The protective effects against epithelial barrier dysfunction could be abrogated by small interfering RNA(siRNA) of MLCK.Conclusions Paeoniflorin alleviates the epithelial barrier dysfunction induced by TNF-αthrough down-regulation of MLCK and enhancement of tight junction protein occludin and ZO-1.This study supplies a potential candidate drug for the clinical treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the feasibility and influence of vagus nerve preservation in radical operation for proximal gastric cancer.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Thirty-two patients with early or T2 cardia cancer from May 2007 to May 2009 were enrolled and randomized into two groups, i.e. vagus nerve preservation group(n=16) and control group(n=16). Two groups were compared with regard to operative time, anastomotic fistula, digestive discomforts, body weight, survival rate, findings on gastroscope and abdominal ultrasonography.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups in operative time (2.8 vs. 2.5 h), postoperative complications rate (25.0% vs. 31.3%). No recurrence or mortality was observed after one-year follow-up. However, patients who underwent vagus nerve preservation had less postprandial discomforts(3 vs. 12 cases), bile reflux(3 vs. 10 cases), atrophic gastritis(1 vs. 9 cases), gallstones(1 vs. 8 cases), body mass index, and diarrhea(P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>For patients with early gastric cancer, preservation of the vagus nerve during radical gastrectomy results in less complications and does not compromise patient survival.</p>
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Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Cardia , Follow-Up Studies , Prospective Studies , Stomach Neoplasms , General Surgery , Vagus Nerve , General SurgeryABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE@#To explore the effect of modified uvulopalatopharyngoplasty with partial resection of the musculus uvulae and preservation of the mucosa of uvulae for obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS).@*METHOD@#Thirty-six patients with OSAHS were enrolled and determined by physical examination, Muller's Test, and cephalometry whose obstructive plane were in oropharynx. One group (n = 18) only received uvulopalatopharyngoplasty with uvulae preservation, while the other group (n = 18) received uvulopalatopharyngoplasty with partial resection of the musculus uvulae and preservation of the mucosa of uvulae. Polysomnography (PSG), Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) and Level of Snore were measured one day before operation and seix months after operation.@*RESULT@#The apnea hypopnea index (AHI), lowest SaO2 (LSaO2), ESS and Level of Snore have changed in both groups (P 0.05) in validity ratio between two groups. Postoperative Level of Snore were significantly different between two groups while AHI, LSaO2, ESS were not significantly different between two groups.@*CONCLUSION@#Uvulopalatopharyngoplasty with partial resection of the musculus uvulae and preservation of uvulae mucosa is an effective surgical method for patients with OSAHS which obstructive plane is in oropharynx. It can decrease not only the level of snore but also the limited ratio of shrink in uvulae after routine surgery.
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Adult , Aged , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Cleft Palate , General Surgery , Mouth Mucosa , General Surgery , Oropharynx , General Surgery , Otorhinolaryngologic Surgical Procedures , Methods , Palate , General Surgery , Palate, Soft , General Surgery , Pharynx , General Surgery , Sleep Apnea, Obstructive , General Surgery , Uvula , General SurgeryABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE To investigate the expression of PTEN and VEGF gene in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma and their clinical significance. METHODS The expression of PTEN and VEGF gene were examined by using immunohistochemical S-P staining method in 10 cases of normal tissues, 20 cases of para-tumor tissues and 60 cases of LSCC. RESULTS The positive rates of PTEN in normal tissues, para-tumor tissues and LSCC were 100.0 %, 95.0 %, and 70.0 % respectively (P＜0.05),and VEGF protein showed positive expression of 20.0 %,50.0 %,73.3% in normal, para-tumor and LSCC tissues with statistical significance(P＜0.05), In LSCC, the expression of PTEN and VEGF was positively correlated with TNM stage, differentiation of tumor, cervical and distant metastasis of lymph node, 3-year survive rate of patients(P＜0.05),No significant association was observed in expression of PTEN and VEGF with tumor location,patient's age and sex(P＞0.05). Spearman correlation analysis revealed that PTEN was negatively correlated with VEGF expression(?=-0.3948, P=0.0018). CONCLUSION The aberrant expression of PTEN and VEGF may play a role in occurrence, progression and metastasis of LSCC.
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A strain ph 16 , that could effectively degrade phenol,was isolated from sewer sludge of printing and dyeing plant. The preliminary identification sugg ested that the strain belongs to Micrococcus sp. The strain could resist to phenol up to 1.5 g/L. The efficient biodegradation of phenol occurred when th e strain was cultured in the medium (pH 7.0) containing 1.0 g/L phenol under 35℃, wh er e the highest degradation rate reach 99.6% after 36 hours. This strain, when t re ated with some heavy metal ions such as Hg +、Co 2+ and Ag 2+ , showe d the significant inhibition of phenol degradation by 74.2%～100%. The kinetic s of phenol degradation during culture of the strain was also explored.