Sanitation status of centralized air ventilation system of public places in Putuo District, Shanghai, 2014-2018 / 上海预防医学

Objective To investigate the sanitation status of centralized air ventilation system in Putuo District of Shanghai, to analyze correlation between different indexes and to provide basis for improving the health status of public places and strengthening health supervision. Methods According to the requirements of WS 394-2012 The Sanitation Criterion of the Centralized Air Ventilation System in Public Places, 18 centralized air ventilation systems in public places in Putuo District of Shanghai were randomly selected for sampling, testing and evaluation during 2014-2018, and 9 indexes of air supply, inner surface of air duct and indoor air were analyzed for correlation. Results The overall qualified rate of centralized air ventilation system in 10 hotels, 4 restaurants and 4 supermarkets was 86.0%.The over standard rate of PM10, bacteria and fungi in air supply was 3.4%, 31.8% and 33.0%, respectively, but β-hemolytic streptococcus was not detected.The dust amount and microbial index on the inner surface of the air duct were up to standard.Another two indexes of fresh air quantity and Legionella pneumophila were tested in the hotel.The qualified rate of fresh air quantity was 25.6%, the positive rate of Legionella pneumophila type 1(LP1) in cooling water was 30.0%, and no Legionella pneumophila was detected in condensate water.The correlation analysis of 9 indexes showed that there was a significant positive correlation between PM10 in air supply and in indoor air; the amount of microbial pollution on the inner surface of air duct and in air supply; and the amount of microbial pollution in air supply and in indoor air. Conclusions In Putuo District, the general sanitary condition of the centralized air ventilation system in public places is not to be optimistic.The qualified rate of bacteria and fungi in the air supply and fresh air quantity is low, and Legionella pneumophila was detected.The indoor air quality can be improved by installing efficient air purification device and regular cleaning and disinfection.

A new flavonoid isolated from fruits of Solanum virginianum / 中草药

Objective: To study the chemical constituents from the fruits of Solanum virginianum. Methods: By means of preparative HPTLC and column chromatography over silica gel and Sephadex LH-20, compounds were isolated and purified. Their structures were elucidated by physico-chemical properties and spectral analyses. Results: Twelve compounds were obtained and identified as: 5-hydroxy-8-methoxy-6,7-methylenedioxyflavone (1), 7-hydroxy-6-methoxy coumarin (2), fraxetin (3), 5-hydroxy- 6,7,3',4'-tetramethoxyflavone (4), 5-hydroxy-4',6,7-trimethoxyflavone (5), dihydro-N-feruloyltyramine (6), N-trans-coumaroyltyramine (7), 5,3'-dihydroxy-6,7,4'-tritermethoxyflavone (8), N-[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-2-hydroxyethyl]-3-(4-methoxyphenyl)-prop-2-enamide (9), N-trans-coumaroyloctopamine (10), 5,7,4'-trihydroxy-6-methoxyflavone (11), and 5,7,4'-trihydroxy-8-methoxyflavone (12). Conclusion: Compound 1 is a new flavonoid, named as solacarpumon, and compounds 2-12 are isolated from Solanum virginianum for the first time.

Antibacterial and anti-biofilm activity of the lipid extract from Mantidis ootheca on Pseudomonas aeruginosa / 浙江大学学报（英文版）（B辑：生物医学和生物技术）

The aim of this study is to assess the antibacterial and anti-biofilm properties of the lipid extract from Mantidis ootheca against the gentamycin resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The chemical composition of the lipid extract and its relative proportion were determined using the technique of gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Antibacterial susceptibility tests were performed using a disc diffusion assay and the minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) was determined by way of the agar dilution method. The anti-biofilm test was carried out with crystal violet staining and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). There were 16 compounds detected, and the most abundant components were sesquiterpenoids, monoterpenes, and trace aromatic compounds. The MIC for P. aeruginosa was 4 mg/ml and the eradication effect on preformed biofilms was established and compared with a ciprofloxacin control. The results of our study indicated that a lipid extract from M. ootheca could be used as a topical and antibacterial agent with anti-biofilm activity in the future.

Outcomes of Chimney and/or Periscope Techniques in the Endovascular Management of Complex Aortic Pathologies / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>The chimney/periscope technique has been used to address complex aortic pathologies. This study aimed to report the outcomes and experiences of chimney and/or periscope grafts (CPGs) used in the endovascular management of complex aortic pathologies.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Twenty-two patients with complex aortic pathologies were retrospectively studied from January 2013 to August 2016 in two vascular centers of teaching hospitals. All patients were diagnosed using computed tomography angiography (CTA). The patients were followed up at postoperative 1, 3, 6, and 12 months and yearly thereafter with X-ray, ultrasound, and/or CTA.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Twenty-two cases (17 males; mean age 60.7 ± 16.3 years) with complex aortic pathologies were analyzed. Nineteen patients underwent CPGs only, and the other three cases underwent the simultaneous implantation of chimney/periscope and fenestrated/scallop grafts. Twenty-six arteries were managed with forty CPGs during the procedures. Complete angiographies revealed two Type I endoleaks, one Type III endoleak, and one Type IV endoleak. Other intraoperative complications included brachial thrombosis, external iliac artery rupture, and left renal stenosis. The 30-day mortality was 0. The mean follow-up was 26.1 ± 10.1 months with a range of 2-39 months. During the follow-up, two Type I endoleaks and one Type IV endoleak were observed. One right renal stent occlusion occurred in the 5th month and turned patent after reintervention. Three patients died during the follow-up, one due to an aneurysm rupture as a Type I endoleak, and two due to myocardial infarction. The instant technical success was 96%. The primary and secondary patencies were 92% and 96%, respectively. The overall survival rates were 95%, 84%, and 84% at 12, 24, and 36 months, respectively. Stent migration was not observed in any patient.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Chimney/periscope techniques could be used to tackle complex aortic pathologies, but the indications must be strictly controlled, and additional experiences are required.</p>

Nerve Growth Factor Promotes Angiogenesis and Skeletal Muscle Fiber Remodeling in a Murine Model of Hindlimb Ischemia / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Therapeutic angiogenesis has been shown to promote blood vessel growth and improve tissue perfusion. Nerve growth factor (NGF) has been reported to play an important role in both physiological and pathological angiogenesis. This study aimed to investigate the effects of NGF on angiogenesis and skeletal muscle fiber remodeling in a murine model of hindlimb ischemia and study the relationship between NGF and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in angiogenesis.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Twenty-four mice were randomly allocated to normal control group (n = 6), blank control group (n = 6), VEGF gene transfection group (n = 6), and NGF gene transfection group (n = 6). The model of left hindlimb ischemia model was established by ligating the femoral artery. VEGF165plasmid (125 μg) and NGF plasmid (125 μg) was injected into the ischemic gastrocnemius of mice from VEGF group and NGF group, respectively. Left hindlimb function and ischemic damage were assessed with terminal points at 21th day postischemia induction. The gastrocnemius of four groups was tested by hematoxylin-eosin staining, proliferating cell nuclear antigen and CD34 immunohistochemistry staining, and myosin ATPase staining. NGF and VEGF protein expression was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>On the 21th day after surgery, the functional assessment score and skeletal muscle atrophy degree of VEGF group and NGF group were significantly lower than those of normal control group and blank control group. The endothelial cell proliferation index and the capillary density of VEGF group and NGF group were significantly increased compared with normal control group and blank control group (P < 0.05). The NGF and VEGF protein expression of NGF group showed a significant rise when compared with blank control group (P < 0.05). Similarly, the VEGF protein expression of VEGF group was significantly higher than that of blank control group (P < 0.05), but there was no significant difference of the NGF protein expression between VEGF group and blank control group (P > 0.05). The type I skeletal muscle fiber proportion in gastrocnemius of NGF group and VEGF group was significantly higher than that of blank control group (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>NGF transfection can promote NGF and VEGF protein expression which not only can induce angiogenesis but also induce type I muscle fiber expression in ischemic limbs.</p>

Human Umbilical Cord Blood CD34+Cells InducedAngiogenesis in Ischemic Limb of Mice / 中国医学科学院学报

Objective To observe the effect of the expanded human umbilical cord blood CD34+cells in ischemic limb of mice and analyse the relationship between the CD34+cells and angiogenesis. Methods Human umbilical cord blood was collected and CD34+cells were separated for expanding. Mice limbs ischemia models were established (n=15) and randomly divided into three groups:expanded CD34+cells group (n=5),fresh CD34+cells group (n=5),and control group(n=5). CD34+cells were detected by DiI dye tracing and antihuman nuclear antigen antibody(HNA) immunohistochemical staining. The improvement of blood reperfusion was evaluated by indicators including limb temperature,CD31 staining,and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) mRNA expression. Results On days 14 (t=5.421,P=0.001;t=0.616,P=0.000) and 28(t=10.780,P=0.000; t=12.123,P=0.000),both expanded CD34+cells group and fresh CD34+cells group enjoyed better temperature improvement. Days 28 later,the vascular densities in the expanded CD34+cells group and the fresh CD34+cells group were 592.3±24.6 (t=26.386,P=0.000) and 530.7±25.5 (t=21.502,P=0.000),which were significantly higher than that in control group 219.7±19.9. The TGF-β1 mRNA expression in the expanded CD34+cells group and the fresh CD34+cells group were (0.578±0.050) copies (t=12.376,P=0.000) and (0.504±0.080) copies (t=7.098,P=0.000),both over control group [(0.224±0.040)copies]. Conclusions In vitro culture of cord blood CD34+cells can emigrate to ischemic zone and induce angiogenesis to alleviate ischemia. Thus,it may provide a treatment option for lower limb ischemia.

Clinical analysis of two carotid endarterectomy procedures in treating carotid artery stenosis / 中国医学科学院学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To analyze the effectiveness and costs of the eversion carotid endarterectomy (eCEA) and the carotid endarterectomy with patch angioplasty (pCEA) in treating carotid artery stenosis.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Patients with carotid artery stenosis who underwent the carotid endarterectomy in the vascular surgery department of Peking Union Medical College Hospital from October 2009 to October 2012 were enrolled in this study. According to the two different surgical procedures, the patients were divided into eCEA group and pCEA group.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The two groups were not significantly different in terms of gender ,age ,risk factors, stenosis degree of carotid artery, and the ratio of bilateral lesions (all P>0.05).The ratio of shunt and antibiotics application, operative time, hospitalization cost, and length of hospital stay in the eCEA group were significantly lower than those in pCEA group (P<0.05).The therapeutic effectiveness, complications, surgery-related death, restenosis, and ipsilateral stroke were not significantly different between these two groups (P>0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Both surgical procedures are safe and effective in treating the carotid artery stenosis;however, eCEA has lower cost when compared with pCEA and therefore can be used as the first choice.</p>

Chemotherapy with or without gefitinib in patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer: a meta-analysis of 6,844 patients / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Gefitinib is widely used in patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), in whom chemotherapy had failed. Previous trials reported inconsistent findings regarding the efficacy of gefitinib on overall survival (OS) and progression free survival (PFS). This study was to evaluate the effects of chemotherapy plus gefitinib versus chemotherapy alone on survival of patients with NSCLC.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>We systematically searched Medline, EmBase, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, reference lists of articles, and proceedings of major meetings for relevant literature. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing chemotherapy with and without gefitinib in the treatment of patients with advanced NSCLC were included in our analysis. The primary endpoints were OS and PFS.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Of 182 relevant studies, 12 were included in the final analysis, which consisted of 6844 patients with NSCLC. Overall, we noted that gefitinib therapy had an 8% improvement in the OS as compared to the gefitinib-free therapy, but this difference was not statistically significant (HR, 0.92; 95% CI: 0.85-1.00; P=0.051). Furthermore, gefitinib therapy had significantly longer PFS compared to gefitinib-free therapy (HR, 0.72; 95% CI 0.60-0.87, P=0.001). Patients receiving gefitinib therapy also had a more frequent objective response rate (ORR) than the control arm (OR, 2.51; 95% CI, 1.67-3.78, P < 0.001). Rashes, diarrhea, dry skin, pruritus, paronychia, and abnormal hepatic function were more frequent in the gefitinib therapy group.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Treatment with gefitinib had a clear effect on PFS and ORR, and it might contribute considerably to the OS. Furthermore, there was some evidence of benefit for gefitinib therapy among patients with adenocarcinoma.</p>

Effects of traditional Chinese medicine on intestinal mucosal permeability in early phase of severe acute pancreatitis / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Traditional Chinese medicine has been used widely for many years in China to treat acute pancreatitis. We have investigated the effects of Dachengqi decoction on intestinal mucosal permeability and outcome in patients with severe acute pancreatitis (SAP).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Forty patients with sustained SAP that required admission to the surgical intensive care unit were enrolled prospectively in the study. All of these patients were divided randomly into the Dachengqi decoction group (n = 20) and control group (n = 20) on admission. Intestinal permeability was assessed by measuring absorption of two metabolically inert markers, lactulose (L) and mannitol (M), which were administered orally. Serum concentrations of endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide, LPS) and the ratio of lactulose to mannitol in urine (L/M) were detected in all patients.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with those in the control group, urinary L/M ratio decreased significantly in the Dachengqi decoction group on the 7th day after admission (P = 0.001). Also, serum concentrations of LPS were reduced on the 5th and 7th day after admission (P = 0.006, P = 0.008, respectively). Incidence of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) and pancreatic infection was significantly lower in the Dachengqi decoction group compared with those in the control group (P = 0.038,P = 0.025, respectively).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Dachengqi decoction may promote the recovery of intestinal mucosal permeability and decrease the incidence of MODS and pancreatic infection in patients with SAP.</p>

Expression of quail vascular endothelial growth factor receptor quek-1 extracellular domain 2-4 loop cDNA in Pichia pastoris / 生物医学工程学杂志

The extracellular domain 2-4 loop cDNA of quail vascular endothelial growth factor receptor quek1 (qVEGFR2) was obtained from plasmid carrying qVEGFR2 by PCR. Then it was cloned into expression vector pPICZalphaA of Pichia pastoris. To construct recombinant expression plasmid pPICZalphaA-qVEGFR2, linearized pPICZalphaA-qVEGFR2 with SacI was transformed to electroporated Pichia pastoris GS115. Subsequently, positive clone was selected by PCR and its phenotype was determined. SDSPAGE and Western blot assays of culture medium from a methanol-induced expression strain demonstrated that recombinant qVEGFR2 proteins were expressed and secreted into the culture medium. These results could provide a basis for further researches on tumor protein vaccine as well as for the preparation of tumor protein vaccine with Pichia pastoris.

Expression of isoleucine zipper modified soluble CD40L in Pichia pastoris / 生物医学工程学杂志

To obtain the expression of Isoleucine Zipper modified soluble CD40L (IZ-sCD40L) in Pichia pastoris, firstly, DNA fragment of IZ-sCD40L was obtained by PCR and over-lap PCR . Then the expression vector pPICZaA-IZ-sCD40L was constructed. Nucleotide sequencing analysis indicated that the DNA fragment of IZ-sCD40L was correctly inserted into the pPICZaA vector. Linearized pPICZ(alpha)A-IZ-sCD40L was introduced into Pichia pastoris GS115. Positive clone was selected by PCR and its phenotype was determined. The positive clone was introduced with methanol. The results of SDS-PAGE and Western blot showed that product was recombinant Isoleucine Zipper modified soluble CD40L fusion protein.