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ABSTRACT Introduction: With the abundant use of the internet, patients undergoing or interested in orthodontic treatment try to use it to obtain information on pain during treatment. However, YouTube™ is unregulated and may potentially contain inaccurate information. Objectives: Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the scientific quality of the videos on YouTube™ related to orthodontic pain management. Methods: A total of 62 videos related to orthodontic pain management were included in the study. All videos were evaluated by two experienced orthodontists. The video uploader, content, length, upload date, time since upload, number of views, comments, likes, dislikes, Interaction index, and Viewing rate of the videos were recorded and evaluated. The videos were scored using the Quality Criteria for Consumer Health Information (DISCERN), Global Quality Scale (GQS), and Audio-Visual Quality (AVQ), and divided into two groups: Doctors and Non-doctors. Results: The mean DISCERN score was 2.56 ± 0.91, the GQS score was 2.56 ± 1.06, and AVQ was 2.48 ± 0.68. A statistically significant difference was found in DISCERN score of videos uploaded by Doctors compared to Non-doctors, but no statistically significant difference was found in GQS and AVQ scores between both groups (p> 0.05). Conclusions: The videos uploaded by Doctors were better in terms of quality and reliability, as compared to Non-doctors; and the AVQ of the videos uploaded by both groups was adequate. Despite that, both groups did not serve as a good source of information. YouTube™ cannot be considered a reliable source of information in terms of quality and reliability on videos related to orthodontic pain management.
RESUMO Introdução: Com o uso abundante da Internet, os pacientes em tratamento ortodôntico, ou interessados em fazê-lo, tentam usá-la para obter informações sobre a dor durante o tratamento. Entretanto, o YouTube™ não é regulamentado e pode conter informações imprecisas. Objetivos: Esse estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a qualidade científica de vídeos no YouTube™ relacionados ao controle da dor ortodôntica. Métodos: No total, 62 vídeos relacionados ao controle da dor ortodôntica fora incluídos nesse estudo. Todos os vídeos foram avaliados por dois ortodontistas experientes. O responsável pela postagem do vídeo, seu conteúdo, sua duração, data de postagem, tempo decorrido desde a postagem, o número de visualizações, os comentários, os likes, os deslikes, o índice de interação e a taxa de visualização dos vídeos foram registrados e avaliados. Os vídeos foram pontuados usando os Critérios de Qualidade para Informações sobre Saúde do Consumidor (DISCERN), a Escala de Qualidade Global (GQS) e a Qualidade Audiovisual (AVQ), e divididos em dois grupos: Doutores e Não Doutores. Resultados: A pontuação DISCERN média foi de 2,56 ± 0,91, a pontuação GQS foi de 2,56 ± 1,06 e a AVQ foi de 2,48 ± 0,68. Foi encontrada uma diferença estatisticamente significativa na pontuação DISCERN dos vídeos postados por Doutores, em comparação com os Não Doutores, mas não foi encontrada diferença estatisticamente significativa nas pontuações GQS e AVQ entre os dois grupos (p> 0,05). Conclusões: Os vídeos postados pelos Doutores foram melhores em termos de qualidade e confiabilidade, em comparação com os Não Doutores, e o AVQ dos vídeos postados por ambos os grupos foi adequado. Apesar disso, ambos os grupos não serviram como uma boa fonte de informações. Em termos de qualidade e confiabilidade dos vídeos relativos ao manejo da dor ortodôntica, o YouTube™ não pode ser considerado uma fonte confiável de informações.
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BACKGROUND: Spontaneous intra-cerebral haemorrhage (ICH) is a major public health problem with an annual incidence of 10–30 cases per 100 000 population, accounting for 2 million (10–15%) of approximately 15 million strokes, which occur worldwide each year. AIMS AND OBJECTIVE: The main objective of this study is (i) to correlate volume and location of lesion (hemorrhage) with clinical picture and prognosis, (ii) to determine clinical and CT parameters or ?ndings that could predict prognosis. METHODS AND MATERIAL: The study was conducted on 100 Patients with diagnosis of spontaneous ICH and who were diagnosed and admitted to MGM Medical College and LSK Hospital, Kishanganj, Bihar, India from 01/08/19 to 30/07/2021, age ranged between 18 and 75 years. The inclusion criteria were as follows: (1) spontaneous ICHs on the basis of C.T scan and (2) No antecedent disease such as arterio venous malformations, tumour, anticoagulation therapy, cerebral aneurysms, or traumatic events. RESULT: The haemorrhagic stroke on the basis of site, putamen is 44, frontal and parietal is 5 and temporal is 3 in numbers with weakness of limbs or focal neurological de?cit was commonest presentation associated with hypertension and diabetes as risk factors was 50% and 07% respectively. The lobar and deep haemorrhages constitute 18% and 75% respectively but the mean volume of haemorrhage 28.44cm3 and 36.52cm3. CONCLUSION: In present study the location of ICH was lobar in 18% deep ganglionic (+ventricle) in 75%, cerebellar in 3% and pontine or midbrain in 4% of the patients. The location of the hematoma in 13 (72.7%) of the LH patients was con?ned to a single cerebral lobe, while in 5 (27.2%) of LH patients, hematoma was located in two lobes
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Abstract Ischemic postconditioning (IPTC) brings cardioprotection endogenously, Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) produces the same effect. It happens due to down expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS). Thus, experimental protocol associating IPTC has been formulated to find the role of ANP in the cardioprotection of heart in OVX rats. For this experiment, heart was isolated from OVX rat and held tightly on Langendorff's apparatus in a manner that ischemia of 30 min and reperfusion of 120 min were also given. Simultaneously, IPTC with four cycles of 5 min ischemia and 5 min reperfusion of each was applied. Parameters like size of myocardial infarct, levels of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and release of creatine kinase- MB (CK-MB) in coronary effluent were noted after each stage of experiment for ensuring the extent of myocardial injury. Some significant changes were also seen in the histopathology of cardiovascular tissues. The cardio-protection has been made by four cycles of IPTC. It was confirmed by decline in the size of myocardial infarct. It diminishes the release of LDH and CK-MB in heart of OVX rat. Thus, IPTC induces cardio-protection in the isolated heart from OVX rat. Perfusion of ANP associating with IPTC favors the cardioprotection which is further confirmed by rise in the NO release and heart rate. The level of myocardial damage changes using IPTC, IPTC+OVX, IPTC+OVX+ANP, IPTC+ OVX+ANP+L-NAME and other groups were observed significantly and were found to be less than those in I/R control group. Thus, it is recommended that ANP involving IPTC restores attenuated cardio-protection in OVX rat heart. Therefore, Post-conditioning is useful in various clinical aspects.
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Background: Rupture uterus is a life-threatening obstetric emergency associated with high perinatal mortality. This study aims to find out the common factors associated with this catastrophic condition so as to help in decreasing the incidence of this condition in this study set-up. The objective of this study was to determine incidence, socio-demographic factors, etiology, types of presentation, patterns of management and maternal and fetal outcome in cases of rupture uterus presenting in this study hospital in one year.Methods: In this retrospective study 40 cases of ruptured uterus admitted in the hospital between January to December 2016 were analyzed. Detailed history of relevant socio-demographic factors, prior obstetric and surgical history, clinical findings, nature of management done, fetal and maternal outcome were thoroughly analyzed from the record.Results: A total 40 cases of ruptured uterus during this one-year period out of total 1220 deliveries constituted an incidence of 3%. The commonest age group is 25-30 years (47%). Majority of patients of rupture uterus were those with previous scarred uterus trying for vaginal delivery in hands of dais, untrained birth attendants and midwives. Repair was possible in the majority of cases. There were no maternal deaths but fetal mortality was 92.5%.Conclusions: Proper antenatal care, transportation facilities, good counseling of patients with history of previous uterine surgery for institutional delivery can help in reducing the incidence of rupture uterus in developing countries like India. Prompt surgical intervention can help in reducing the maternal morbidity and mortality associated with rupture uterus.
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Background: The mainstay of periodontal therapy remains the physical removal of subgingival plaque. The present study was conducted to determine bactericidal effect of GaAIAs laser on anaerobic photosensitized periodontopathics. Materials & Methods: The present study was conducted on 60 adult patients of both genders of chronic periodontitis (Group I). Equal number of controls was also selected (Group II). In all patients subgingival plaque samples were collected. Samples were cultured anaerobically for 72 h at 37°C on blood agar, Brewer's agar culture plates. Bacteria were identified based on colony characteristics, hemolysis, pigmentation, and fluorescence. Results: The mean P. gingivalis count (CFU/ml) during undilution in group I was 302.4 and in group II was 401.5, at 1:10 was 204.5 in group I and 328.2 in group II, at 1:50 was 115.2 in group I and 276.3 in group II, at 1:100 was 27.8 in group I and 132.8 in group II. The difference was significant (P< 0.05). The mean F. nucleatum count (CFU/ml) during undilution in group I was 212.4 and in group II was 291.5, at 1:10 was 125.5 in group I and 217.2 in group II, at 1:50 was 68.2 in group I and 150.3 in group II, at 1:100 was 17.8 in group I and 94.8 in group II. The difference was significant (P< 0.05).Conclusions: Authors found that GaAIAs laser found to be effective in reducing periodontal pathogens.
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Introduction: Nosocomial infection is a major problem globally. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) remains one of the most important causes of nosocomial infections worldwide. MRSA are the important agents causing nosocomial infections. The study was conducted in the Department of Microbiology to determine the prevalence of MRSA and antibiotic susceptibility pattern. Material and Methods: This was a retrospective study conducted from July 2016 to August 2017 in a tertiary care hospital in Northern Bihar India. All isolates were identified in patients and data provided by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines and antibiotic susceptibility pattern considered by Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method. The information was definitely recorded and analyzed using Microsoft Excel 2007 edition. Results: 200 Staphylococcus strains isolate of were isolated from various clinical samples, Out of 200 S. aureus isolates, 73 (36.5%) were methicillin resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and 127 (63.5%) were methicillin-sensitive S. aureus (MSSA) in our labs. Although, the majority of the MRSA isolates were resulted from pus samples 30, however, the S. aureus isolates resulted from post-operative wound infection was mostly MRSA. Conclusion: In conclusion, the importance of Isolation of MRSA patients and carriers in the hospitals, regular surveillance of hospital associated infections including monitoring antibiotic sensitivity pattern and strict drug policy for antibiotics may be helpful for reducing the incidence of these infections
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Background: NMR contributes to two-third of infant mortality and proper newborn care is essential for achieving the target of reduction in IMR. The present study was conducted to find the newborn care practices in a rural community and to explore the associated factors.Methods: The present community based cross sectional study was conducted upon children born in the study area within past three months. Mothers were interviewed using pretested proforma.Results: It was seen that 87.3% children were cared by their mothers, rooming-in was universal, 82.1% children were kept warm, early bathing was avoided by 45.8% mothers, 96.2% of children were given vaccine at birth and umbilical stump hygiene was maintained in 61.3% cases.Conclusions: The newborn care practices are far from ideal. Community based interventions can be helpful to improve the same
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Fistula-in-ano is one of the common anorectal conditions. Knowledge of its pattern is helpful in proper management of cases. Methods: The present hospital baed study was conducted upon 55 cases to assess the profile and surgical outcome. Background details of patients, the details of their illness, the treatment given and the details of postoperative period were recorded. Results: Most of the patients belonged to the age group of 31-40 years with male: female ratio of 3.59:1. All the patients suffered from discharge and had external opening. Most of the patients had low anal fistula (78.2%). External opening was located posteriorly in 72.7% patients. Mean healing time was 3.7 ± 1.1 weeks. 14.5% patients had wound infection and 7.3% suffered from headache. Conclusion: Fistula-in-ano has male preponderance. Fistulectomy is the usual procedure and the post operative complications tend to be minimal.
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Uterine fibroid are the most common benign pelvic tumor in females. Its occurrence in reproductive age group makes it important. Methods: The present hospital based cross-sectional study was done to find the clinicopathological features of fibroid of uterus at a tertiary care center. Histopathological examination was done to observe the type and morphology of these lesions. Results: Uterine fibroids are commonly seen in females of <40 years age and present with menorrhagia (55.2%) and abdominal pain (27.1%). The most common location was intramural (63.5%) and the most common degeneration was hyaline change (12.5%). Conclusion: Routine histopathological examination of hysterectomy specimen is needed to rule out tumor or infective pathology.
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The common causes of bicytopenia or pancytopenia include either marrow suppression or marrow infiltration. It may be due to aplastic anemia, megaloblastic anemia or hematological malignancies. The present study was done to find the clinico-aetiological profile of bicytopenia & pancytopenia among pediatric patients. Methods: The present hospital based cross-sectional study was done on children suffering from bicytopenia or pancytopenia. Detailed clinical history, thorough physical examination and hematological tests were done. Appropriate statistical calculations for summarization of data were done. Results: Bicytopenia was seen in 58.2% and pancytopenia in 41.8% patients. Megaloblastic anemia (43.6%), infection (23.6%), aplastic anemia (14.5%) and leukemia (10.9%) were the aetiological factors. Patients presented with pallor (85.5%), fever (76.4%), petechial haemorrhage (43.6%), hepatomegaly (38.2%), splenomegaly (23.6%), anorexia (21.8%) and lymphadenopathy (18.2%). Conclusion: Non-malignant causes were responsible in majority of cases (89.9%) and can be treated.
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Staphylococcus aureus is important organism responsible for wide variety of infections. The present study was conducted to find the prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus in various clinical samples received at the department of Microbiology, Darbhanga Medical College and to assess its sensitivity pattern. It was observed that 20.9% of the samples were positive and 42.2% of the isolated Staphylococcus aureus were methicillin resistant (MRSA). Most common sample was pus (38.4%) followed by urine (20.9%). 42.2% of the samples were resistant to Cefoxitin, Cefotaxime and Amoxicillin. 60.9% were resistant to Erythromycin and 24.4% to Gentamicin. Monitoring of antibiotic sensitivity is essential for better clinical management and preventing antibiotic resistance.
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Objectives: to study the clinical features of chronic arsenicosis on usage of arsenic contaminated ground water among the residents of Pathalkudwa mohalla, Ranchi district
Material and Methods: a cross-sectional observational study was done on 39 patients, all residents from Pathalkudwa mohalla, Ranchi, clinically suspected of arsenic toxicity attending the department of dermatology of a tertiary care centre over a period of one year. Arsenic levels estimation was done in drinking water, urine, hair and nails. Cutaneous markers like hyperpigmentation over trunk, palmoplantar keratosis and Aldrich's Mees lines were included. Non-residents of Pathalkudwa mohalla were excluded from the study
Results: among of 39 cases affected by arsenic contamination, 20 [51.3%] cases were females and 19 [48.7%] were males. Most of the women were housewives by occupation followed by office job persons and students. Among various clinical features, tingling and numbness of extremities [84%] were the most common complaint followed by weakness [79%] and pain abdomen [74%]. Palmoplantar keratosis [90%] was seen in majority of patients followed by raindrop pigmentation [48%], diffuse hyperpigmentation [28%] and Aldrich Mee's lines [3%]. No signs of cutaneous malignancy was seen in any of the patient
Conclusion: hyperkeratosis of palms and soles and skin hyperpigmentation were the most common cutaneous manifestations of chronic arsenicosis
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Objective: To study the prevalence and the pattern of mucocutaneous manifestations among diabetic patients to aid in better management of diabetic skin diseases
Methods: Three hundred consecutive patients with the diagnosis of diabetes mellitus [DM] and seeking treatment for skin lesions in the OPD of Department of Dermatology in Rajendra Institute of Medical Sciences, Ranchi were included in the study
Results: Diabetic patients accounted for 7.2 percent of Dermatology OPD attendance with a male preponderance [M:F=1.4:1]. The common skin disorders for which patients sought treatment were: superficial fungal infections [24 percent], acrochordons [17.7 percent], xerosis [13.7 percent] and bacterial infections [7.4 percent]
Conclusion: Skin problems are quite common among diabetic population. Most of the dermatoses were infectious in nature. The early detection of mucocutaneous manifestations in DM is of utmost importance to be able to avoid and manage the complications and prevent disability
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Obesity is associated with many health problems. Obesity rates are gradually increasing. The present descriptive study was conducted to find the prevalence and factors of overweight and obesity among school children of Nalanda. It was seen that 5.3% children were overweight and 1.7% were obese. Living in urban area, being female, less outdoor activities, lesser indoor activities and habit of fast food eating are associated with higher chances of obesity. Health education is needed to control the situation.
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Open defecation has many health hazards. Still, it is rampant in different parts of the country. The present study was conducted to find the prevalence of open defecation and factors associated with this behaviour among residents of rural area of Nalanda District. Open defecation was practiced by 35% of rural population. It was significantly associated with age (p=0.02), sex (p=0.01), education (p=0.00) and occupation (p=0.00). Association with caste (p=0.23), type of family (p=0.63) and type of housing (p=0.053) was not significant. Open defecation has strong roots in our culture and access/ availability of toilets poses many challenges.
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Xanthomas are focal infiltrates of lipid-containing histiocytic foam cells that are usually found within the dermis or tendons. It is a clinical manifestation of lipoprotein metabolic disorders. We report a case of tuberous xanthoma in a 45-year-old woman who presented with multiple firm papules and nodules involving multiple sites of the body/including the amputated right forearm with elevated serum cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL arid VLDL
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Background: Voluntary non-remunerated blood donation is the key strategy to ensure availability of safe blood. India is facing shortage of 2.5 million units of blood annually and voluntary donation rate is only 50%. The present study was conducted in a fully literate district of India to assess the attitude and practice of blood donation and various associated beliefs. Methodology: This cross-sectional community based study was conducted in Cheranalloor Panchayat of Ernakulam. A total of 202 respondents selected using multi-stage sampling between 18 and 60 years of age were interviewed. Data was analyzed using computer. Results & Conclusion: 25.2% respondents ever donated blood which correlated with knowledge level (r=0.233) or attitude level (r=0.225). The major reasons for blood donation were for relatives (39.2%), in emergency for others (35.3%) and as voluntary donation (6.4%). Among non-willing, reasons cited for not willing to donate blood were ill health (46.9%), old age (25.8%) and fear of blood (16.6%). Attitude towards blood donation is low in this literate area. Proper information regarding blood donation needs to be conveyed to the community.
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Systemic lupus erythematosus [SLE] is autoimmune multisystem disease associated with various clinical manifestations. Childhood-onset SLE [cSLE] is extremely rare and comprises only 15-20% of lupus erythematosus cases. Most of the children belong to the adolescent group while very few are in the prepubertal age. We herein, report a case of 7-year-old female child diagnosed as systemic lupus erythematosus due to its rare occurrence in pediatric age group
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Molluscum contagiosum [MC] is a common viral infection caused by molluscum contagiosum virus [MCV], a double-stranded DNA virus which belongs to Poxviridae family. It is frequently seen in young children and sexually active adults. The transmission of spread occurs both by sexual and nonsexual routes like direct contact with infected skin, mucous membrane or via fomites. The incubation period varies from two to six months. In immunocompetent persons, the molluscum lesions typically appear as painless, flesh-colored or skin-coloured, dome shaped papules of size 2-3mm with central umbilication that can appear anywhere on the body, but most often located on the face, neck and intertriginous sites like axilla and popliteal fossa. However, atypical forms [giant, verrucous, agminate forms] with involvement of genitalia are more common in immune compromised persons particularly in sexually active adults. It is usually self-limited in immunocompetent individuals while in HIV-infected patients with advance disease, the lesions are more widespread and extensive. Due to its longer period of persistence and poor response to conventional therapies, the clinicians often face difficulties to treat it. Several reports document that variety of treatment options had been tried for widespread molluscum contagiosum but none had been considered to be the ideal and standard treatment. Herein, we report a case of 6-year-old HIV-infected boy with multiple, tumour like nodules [agminate variety]; a rare presentation of molluscum contagiosum over face and other body parts which successfully resolved with exclusive HAART therapy.
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Pachyonychia congenita [PC] comprises a group of rare autosomal genodermatosis caused by mutation in any of the four genes KRT6A, KRT6B, KRT16 or KRT17. Classically, it is subdivided into two major variant types, PC-1 [Jadassohn-Lewandowski syndrome] and PC-2 [Jackson-Lawler syndrome]. We hereby report a case of 22-year-old, married woman with progressive thickening and discoloration of all 20 nails, multiple, hyperkeratotic lesions present all over the body with oral lesions since childhood. She had a 2-month-old male baby [the only child] who presented with similar lesions of yellowish discoloration and nail thickening of both nails and foot since birth. She was diagnosed as PC type 1