ABSTRACT
Introducción: En COVID-19 grave, identificar pacientes con mayor riesgo de ventilación mecánica (VM) ayuda a optimizar el manejo. Materiales y métodos: Análisis retrospectivo de características clínico-epidemiológicas de pacientes con COVID-19 ingresados a UTI entre marzo/septiembre 2020. Se utilizó estadística descriptiva, análisis univariado (p significativa <0.05) y multivariado (variables significativas en el univariado).Resultados: Ingresaron 114 pacientes, 91 (79,8%) hombres, edad promedio 54,6 ±14,8 años. 66 (57,9%) eran obesos, 44 (38,6%) ≥ 60 años, 38 (33,3%) hipertensos (33,3%) y 28 (24,6%) diabéticos. 39 (23%) tenían ferritina elevada, 62 (76,5%) linfopenia y 33 (41,3%) LDH aumentada. Mortalidad global 34%. 72 pacientes (63,1%) requirieron VM. Los predictores independientes de requerimiento de VM en el análisis multivariado fueron sexo masculino, edad ≥60 años, diabetes, linfopenia y ferritina y LDH aumentadas. Conclusiones: En pacientes con COVID-19 grave, los predictores independientes de necesidad de VM fueron sexo masculino, edad ≥ 60 años, diabetes, niveles elevados de ferritina y LDH y linfopenia
Introduction: In severe COVID-19, identifying patients with a higher risk of mechanical ventilation (MV) helps to optimize management.Materials and methods: Retrospective analysis of clinical-epidemiological characteristics of patients with COVID-19 admitted to ICU between March / September 2020. Descriptive statistics, univariate and multivariate analysis were used. Results: 114 patients were admitted, 91 (79.8%) were men, mean age 54.6 ± 14.8 years. 66 (57.9%) were obese, 44 (38.6%) ≥60 years, 38 (33.3%) were hypertensive (33.3%) and 28 (24.6 %) diabetics. 39 (23%) had elevated ferritin, 62 (76.5%) had lymphopenia, and 33 (41.3%) had increased LDH. Overall mortality 34%. 72 patients (63.1%) required MV. The independent predictors of MV requirement in the multivariate analysis were male sex, age ≥60 years, diabetes, lymphopenia, and increased ferritin and LDH.Conclusions: In patients with severe COVID-19, the independent predictors of the need for MV were male sex, age ≥ 60 years, diabetes, elevated levels of ferritin and LDH, and lymphopenia
Subject(s)
Humans , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Oxygen Inhalation Therapy , Respiration, Artificial , Multivariate Analysis , Retrospective Studies , Risk Assessment , COVID-19 Testing , COVID-19/therapy , Intensive Care UnitsABSTRACT
Intracystic papillary carcinoma of the breast associated with areas of infiltration, is a rare, constituting less than 1% of breast cancers.These are tumors whose initial radiological study shows lesions with low suspicion of malignancy in a high proportion of cases.We present two cases of intracystic papillary carcinoma, associated with infiltration diagnosed at the Breast Unit of Hospital Infanta CristinaIn both cases the reason for consultation was the palpation of a nodule and initial radiographic approach showed lesions with low suspicion of malignancy
Subject(s)
Humans , Breast Neoplasms , Carcinoma in Situ , Carcinoma, Papillary , PapillomaABSTRACT
La Fisiología es una disciplina con un papel clave en la integración básico-clínica. El conocimiento y la comprensión de los mecanismos de adaptación del organismo a los diferentes escenarios fisiológicos y fisiopatológicos resultan fundamentales para la construcción del pensamiento clínico. La creciente brecha entre las disciplinas básicas y las clínicas, en especial en los currículos orientados por disciplinas, ha generado la necesidad de utilizar herramientas didácticas con el fin de contextualizar, integrar, motivar y fomentar en los alumnos el aprendizaje activo de los conceptos más relevantes de la práctica profesional. Se diseñó un curso para la adquisición de competencias de Prevención Primaria Cardiovascular que les permita a los alumnos de pregrado calcular el riesgo cardiovascular en pacientes sanos e inducir modificaciones en sus hábitos y al mismo tiempo contextualizar los conocimientos fisiológicos. Se reclutaron 100 alumnos de Fisiología de 2.º año de Medicina de la Universidad de Buenos Aires y 11 ex alumnos cursantes de los dos primeros cursos realizados con pacientes reales que fueron entrenados en una escuela fundamentada en los lineamientos OSCE (examen clínico objetivo estructurado). En seis encuentros de 150 minutos se intentó reflejar la actividad médica cotidiana: consultorio (50 min) y ateneo-debate (100 min). Los alumnos expusieron oralmente las conclusiones del encuentro, integrando los pacientes vistos en el consultorio con la bibliografía. La evaluación en consultorio fue con lista de cotejo de 33 ítems y con un escrito de 16 preguntas. El entrenamiento siguió la lista de cotejo para cada caso (hipertensión, hipercolesterolemia, tabaquismo, diabetes, síndrome metabólico). Noventa y seis alumnos completaron la regularidad. Se calculó la diferencia preprueba-posprueba del puntaje obtenido en las listas de cotejo (0 a 10) utilizando la prueba de la t para datos apareados, que mostró una diferencia significativa a favor de la posprueba [3,80 ± 2,08 vs. 9,60 ± 0,58, diferencia preprueba-posprueba de -5,69 (IC 95% -6,11, -5,277; p < 0,001]. El presente curso y la escuela permitieron la incorporación de las primeras destrezas médicas en alumnos con escasa o ninguna experiencia clínica en un área de mucha significación en salud pública.
Physiology is a discipline that plays a key role in the integration of basic and clinical science. Knowing and understanding the adaptive mechanisms of the body to the different physiological and pathophysiological scenarios are essential for clinical thinking. The growing gap between basic and clinical disciplines, particularly in discipline-oriented curriculum, has generated the need for educational tools in order to contextualise, integrate, motivate and encourage students in the active learning of the most relevant concepts of professional practice. We designed a course for developing skills in cardiovascular primary prevention that would allow undergraduates to calculate the cardiovascular risk in healthy patients, induce changes in their habits, and, at the same time, contextuali-zing the physiological knowledge. A total of 100 second year medical students were recruited from the chair of Physiology of the University of Buenos Aires Medicine School, together with 11 ex-students who took the first two courses with real patients in an school based on the OSCE (Objective Structured Clinical Evaluation) guidelines. The course consisted on six encounters lasting 150 minutes reflecting routine medical activity: physician office practice (50 min) and seminar-debate (100 min). The students presented oral conclusions of the encounter, integrating the patients seen in the office with the bibliography. The evaluation of physician office practice was made with a checklist of 33 items and a document of 16 questions. Training followed the checklist for each case (hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, smoking habits, metabolic syndrome). The course was completed by 96 students. The difference between the pre-test and post-test scores obtained in the checklists (0 to 10) was calculated using the paired t test; showing a significant difference in the post-test score [3.80±2.08 vs. 9.60±0.58, pre-test - post-test difference -5.69 (95% CI -6.11, -5.277; p <0.001]. The present course and the school allowed incorporating the first medical skills in students without or with a little clinical experience in a significant area of public health.