ABSTRACT
A Reversible Posterior Leukoencephalopathy Syndrome(RPLS) consists of neurologic symptoms and signs - headache, consciousness change, seizure, visual impairment - and brain imaging finding showing brain(espicially white matter) edema usually involving the posteior parietal-temporal-occipital areas. The causes are thought to be hypertensive encephalopathy, pre-eclampsia or eclampsia, renal failure with fluid overload and immunosuppressive agents such as cyclosporin A or FK506. RPLS may usually reversible if treated early by decreasing blood pressure and discontinuing offending drugs. A 23-year-old man had been hemodialyzed with chronic renal failure for two years. His blood pressure elevated to 240/150mmHg 3 days before admission and he complained of severe headache, vomiting, and total visual loss at the day of admission. Brain T2-weighted MRI imaging showed increased signal intensity involving the both parietal, posterior temporal, and occipital lobes. After antihypertensive and dexamethason treatment, a follow-up brain MRI performed on 7 days after admission showed nearly normalized findings and all symptoms including visual loss were recovered completely in one week.