Research progress of MicroRNA in hypertension and its target organ damage / 中国药理学通报

Hypertension is a risk factor for a variety of cardiovascular diseases, which is an important public health problem in the world today. MiRNAs are a class of highly conserved non-coding small RNAs. In recent years, studies have found that miRNAs are involved in the occurrence and development of hypertension through a variety of ways, causing damage to the important target organs of hypertension, such as heart, brain and kidney. This article reviews the research progress of miRNA in hypertension in recent years, in order to clarify its role in the process of hypertension and target organ damage, and provide ideas for exploring new therapeutic targets of hypertension.

Prognostic implications and functional enrichment analysis of LTB4R in patients with acute myeloid leukemia / 南方医科大学学报

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the expression patterns, prognostic implications, and biological role of leukotriene B4 receptor (LTB4R) in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML).@*METHODS@#We collected the data of mRNA expression levels and clinical information of patients with AML from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database for mRNA expression analyses, survival analyses, Cox regression analyses and correlation analyses using R studio to assess the expression patterns and prognostic value of LTB4R. The correlation of LTB4R expression levels with clinical characteristics of the patients were analyzed using UALCAN. The co-expressed genes LTB4R were screened from Linkedomics and subjected to functional enrichment analysis. A protein-protein interaction network was constructed using STRING. GSEA analyses of the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were performed based on datasets from TCGA-LAML stratified by LTB4R expression level. We also collected peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from AML patients and healthy donors for examination of the mRNA expression levels of LTB4R and immune checkpoint genes using qRT-PCR. We also examined serum LTB4R protein levels in the patients using ELISA.@*RESULTS@#The mRNA expression level of LTB4R was significantly increased in AML patients (4.898±1.220 vs 2.252±0.215, P < 0.001), and an elevated LTB4R expression level was correlated with a poor overall survival (OS) of the patients (P=0.004, HR=1.74). LTB4R was identified as an independent prognostic factor for OS (P=0.019, HR=1.66) and was associated with FAB subtypes, cytogenetic risk, karyotype abnormalities and NPM1 mutations. The co- expressed genes of LTB4R were enriched in the functional pathways closely associated with AML leukemogenesis, including neutrophil inflammation, lymphocyte activation, signal transduction, and metabolism. The DEGs were enriched in differentiation, activation of immune cells, and cytokine signaling. Examination of the clinical serum samples also demonstrated significantly increased expressions of LTB4R mRNA (P=0.044) and protein (P=0.008) in AML patients, and LTB4R mRNA expression was positively correlated with the expression of the immune checkpoint HAVCR2 (r= 0.466, P=0.040).@*CONCLUSION@#LTB4R can serve as a novel biomarker and independent prognostic indicator of AML and its expression patterns provide insights into the crosstalk of leukemogenesis signaling pathways involving tumor immunity and metabolism.

Immunoregulation of dental tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells and its significance in oral diseases and tissue regeneration / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND: Dental tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells can be isolated from different tissues such as dental pulp, periodontal ligament, exfoliated deciduous teeth, apical papilla, dental follicle, gingiva and other tissues. A large number of experimental studies have found that the effect of dental tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells on immune cells may depend on many factors such as the surrounding microenvironment, the tissue source of the stem cells and the type of immune cell preparation. Moreover, it has been proved that activated immune cells can up-regulate the immunomodulatory activity of dental tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells, and this research on the immunomodulatory activity of dental tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells will lay the foundation for its application in regenerative repair. OBJECTIVE: To review the research progress of dental tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells in immune regulation. METHODS: A computer-based search of China Biology Medicine (CBM), CNKI, PubMed and Elsevier databases was performed, and the search terms included “immunomodulation; immune system; mesenchymal stem cells; regeneration; oral diseases; pathogenic bacteria; dental-tissue.” We reviewed related articles regarding the immunoregulation of dental tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells published from 2000 to 2019, including reviews, basic research, and clinical research. Preliminary screening of reading titles and abstracts was performed to exclude documents that are not related to the topic of the article. Based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 88 articles were finally included for result analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: In recent years, dental tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells have been widely used, but the immunomodulatory effect of dental tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells is not clear. The interaction between dental tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells and immune cells represents a mechanism that contributes to the study of tissue homeostasis and inflammatory diseases. Therefore, immunomodulation-based strategies may be a very promising tool. This paper reviews the complex mechanism of the interaction between dental tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells and immune cells and discusses the potential significance of its mediated immunoregulation in the progression of oral diseases and oral tissue regeneration.

Investigation into perturbed nucleoside metabolism and cell cycle for elucidating the cytotoxicity effect of resveratrol on human lung adenocarcinoma epithelial cells / 中国天然药物

In an effort to understand the molecular events contributing to the cytotoxicity activity of resveratrol (RSV), we investigated its effects on human lung adenocarcinoma epithelial cell line A549 at different concentrations. Cellular nucleoside metabolic profiling was determined by an established liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry method in A549 cells. RSV resulted in significant decreases and imbalances of deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates (dNTPs) pools suppressing subsequent DNA synthesis. Meanwhile, RSV at high concentration caused significant cell cycle arrest at S phase, in which cells required the highest dNTPs supply than other phases for DNA replication. The inhibition of DNA synthesis thus blocked subsequent progression through S phase in A549 cells, which may partly contribute to the cytotoxicity effect of RSV. However, hydroxyurea (HU), an inhibitor of RNR activity, caused similar dNTPs perturbation but no S phase arrest, finally no cytotoxicity effect. Therefore, we believed that the dual effect of high concentration RSV, including S phase arrest and DNA synthesis inhibition, was required for its cytotoxicity effect on A549 cells. In summary, our results provided important clues to the molecular basis for the anticancer effect of RSV on epithelial cells.

Quantitation of camellianin A in HepG2 cells using a high performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometric method / 中国天然药物

The present study was designed to develop a sensitive and selective high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometric method for the determination of Camellianin A in HepG2 cells. The extraction of Camellianin A was achieved using 15% trichloroacetic acid and then separated on a C column interfaced with a triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometer in multiple reaction monitoring mode. The mobile phase was consisted of methanol-water (0.1% formic acid) (55 : 45, V/V). The total run time was 5.0 min. The method was linear in the concentration range of 0.25-250.0 ng·mL. The lower limit of quantification was 0.25 ng·mL. The intra- and inter-day relative standard deviations of entire concentration range were less than 9.3%. The proposed HPLC-MS/MS method was successfully applied to detect the intracellular concentration of Camellianin A in HepG2 cells.

Preparation and Rheological Property of Cross-Linked Sodium Hyaluronate Gel / 中国药学杂志

OBJECTIVE: To prepare crossed-linked sodium hyaluronate (CHA) gel and study its rheological property. METHODS: CHA was prepared using 1, 4-butanediol diglycidyl ether (BDDE). The linear viscoelastic properties and creep recovery of hyalouronan(HA) and CHA were measured with a rheometer. The influencing factors of rheological properties were analyzed, such as concentration, proportion of cross-linker and temperature. RESULTS: Cross-linked sodium hyaluronate gel was prepared. The viscoelasticity was measured with a pair of 20 mm stainless steel plates at the frequency of 1 Hz and shear-strain of 1 Pa at (25±0.1)℃. As shown by the creep recovery test, CHA had a smaller strain and shorter time to recover to the minimum strain than HA, which showed typical linear viscoelastic and creep recovery properties. CONCLUSION: CHA is a non-Newtonian fluid, which is easy to administer and conforms completely to the requirements for viscoelastic supplementation materials for intra-articular injection. Compared with HA, CHA has more advantageous viscoelastic property and stability.

Quantitation of ligupurpurosides B and C in rat plasma using HPLC-MS/MS / 中国天然药物

The present study was designed to develop a sensitive and selective specific high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-tandem mass spectrometric method (MS/MS) for the determination of ligupurpurosides B and C in rat plasma. The samples were prepared after protein precipitation and analyzed by liquid chromatography equipped with a C18 column interfaced with a triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometer using ESI as the ionization source in the negative ion mode. The mobile phase consisted of water (0.01 % formic acid)-methanol (57 : 43, V/V) at the flow rate of 0.3 mL·min(-1). The analytes and internal standard acteoside were both detected by use of multiple reaction monitoring mode. The total run time was 6.0 min. The method was linear in the concentration range of 2.5-500.0 ng·mL(-1) and the lower limit of quantifiation (LLOQ) was 2.5 ng·mL(-1). The intra-day and inter-day relative standard deviations across three validation runs over the entire concentration range were less than 9.8 %. The accuracy determined at three concentrations was within ± 6.1% in terms of relative error. In conclusion, this assay offers advantages in terms of expediency and suitability for the analysis of ligupurpuroside B and ligupurpuroside C in various biological fluids.

Research progress in HIV auxiliary proteins counteracting host restriction factors / 病毒学报

Identification and functional analyses of antiviral restriction factors in hosts have become hot research topics. Four HIV restriction factors, APOBEC3G, Trim5alpha, Tetherin, and SAMHD1, have been identified in recent years. By encoding auxiliary proteins, lentiviruses can counteract host restriction factors. For example, the auxiliary proteins Vif, Vpu, and Vpx of HIV antagonize APOBEC3G, Tetherin, and SAMHD1, respectively. Furthermore, these auxiliary proteins enable the entry of HIV into host cells and influence the replication and pathogenicity of HIV. In this paper, we review the research progress in the functions of the three HIV auxiliary proteins that can antagonize the host restriction factors.

Virus detection in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of 122 children with severe pneumonia / 中华实验和临床病毒学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the prevalence of viral pathogen in children with severe pneumonia in Hunan.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid [BALF] were collected from 122 hospitalized children with severe pneumonia in People's Hospital of Hunan province from January 2011 to December 2011. Nested- or reverse transcription Polymerase chain reaction (PCR or RT-PCR) was used to screen Adenovirus (ADV), Human Bocavirus (HBoV), Parainfluenzaviruses1-4 (PIV1-4), Human Respiratory Syneytial virus (RSV), Influenza virus A (IFVA), Influenza virus B (IFVB), Human Rhinovirus(HRV), Human Metapneumovirus (HMPV), human coronaviruses NL63 and HKU1 (HCoV-NL63, HCoV- HKU1).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Among the 122 bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, viral agents were detected in 60 samples(49.1%), among which ADV (40.98%) was the most common virus, followed by RSV (7.37%) and HBoV (7.37%). Two viruses were detected in 21 individual (35%) samples, of which 20 were dual positive for ADV (40%).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>ADV is the most frequently detected viral etiology of severe pneumonia in children in Hunan during this year. And its Coinfection with other respiratory viruses was common.</p>

Establishment and clinical application of TapMan real-time RT-PCR method for detection of HHV-6 / 中华实验和临床病毒学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To establish a rapid, sensitive and specific real-time PCR method for detection of Human Herpesvirus-6 (HHV-6).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>According to the reference, a pair of primers and a probe were designed located in U65-66 gene and to set up the standards. We established a real-time RT-PCR method for detection of HHV-6, and to verify the specificity, sensitivity, reproducibility.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The correlation coefficient was 0.999, E = 97.9%, the coefficient of variation values of Ct were 0.61% and 3.13% in real-time PCR assay for inter and intra assay, respectively. The results of all viruses were negative except of HHV-6 for the assay. The quantitative detection limit of the assay was 3 x 10(0) copies/microl.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The real-time PCR assay is highly specific, sensitive and reproducible, which can be used to quatitative detecting clinical samples.</p>

Validation of HPLC method for the determination of polydatin in giant knotweed rhizome / 药学学报

An HPLC method has been developed to determine polydatin in giant knotweed rhizome. In order to systematically validate the method, specificity, precision, linearity of reference solution and test solution, repeatability, reproducibility, accuracy, stability and robustness were measured. In the robustness test, a one-variable-at-a-time procedure was applied to evaluate the influence of slight variations in method factors, including the flow rate, the column temperature, the extraction time, and etc., on the assay result of polydatin. No significant differences were found when the process parameters changed during the experimental domain. And system suitability test limits were defined based on the robustness test. Results showed that the developed method was accurate, reproducible and robust.

Diagnosis and treatment of cervical Castleman disease presenting as a neck mass / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the clinical and pathological features, diagnosis and treatment of Castleman disease (CD).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Clinical features and related information on diagnosis and treatment of eight cases of CD were retrospectively analyzed. The size of involved lymph nodes ranged from (2 cm x 2 cm x 3 cm) - (4 cm x 3 cm x 2 cm). The lymph nodes were found in level I (1 case), level II (3 cases), level III (3 cases) and level IV (1 case). CT examination in eight patients showed the lesions manifested as ellipse soft masses. Dynamic contrast CT scan in four patients showed ring-enhanced area around the masses. Blood routine examination in eight patients were generally normal, with six patients had mild anemia.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Based on the clinical classification, all lesions in this group were localized CD. Histopathology indicated that all lesions were of hyaline-vascular type. After surgery, there was no recurrence during the follow-up period.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Patients with localized CD mainly have lymphadenectasis in a single location. The CT scan can give some evidence. Surgery should be given first priority.</p>