ABSTRACT
Mammalian testis exhibits remarkably high transcriptome complexity, and spermatogenesis undergoes two periods of transcriptional cessation. These make the RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) the utmost importance during male germ cell development. Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins (hnRNPs) are a large family of RBPs implicated in many steps of RNA processing; however, their roles in spermatogenesis are largely unknown. Here, we investigated the expression pattern of 12 hnRNP family members in mouse testes and found that most detected members are highly expressed in the testis. Furthermore, we found that most of the detected hnRNP proteins (hnRNPD, hnRNPK, hnRNPQ, hnRNPU, and hnRNPUL1) display the highest signals in the nuclei of pachytene spermatocytes, round spermatids, and Sertoli cells, whereas hnRNPE1 exclusively concentrates in the manchette of elongating spermatids. The expression of these hnRNP proteins showed both similarities and specificity, suggesting their diverse roles in spermatogenesis.
Subject(s)
Mice , Male , Animals , Heterogeneous-Nuclear Ribonucleoproteins/metabolism , Spermatogenesis/genetics , Testis/metabolism , Spermatids/metabolism , Sertoli Cells , Spermatocytes/metabolism , RNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism , MammalsABSTRACT
The implementation of knowledge management (KM) in hospitals affects efficiency and outcomes of hospitals.However,few studies explored the implementation of KM in China.Twenty-two questions were designed concerning KM implementation status in over 50 hospitals.In order to understand the KM level and attitude to KM of the hospital's managers,a random sampling survey was conducted among 138 managers from 50 different scales of hospitals in 15 provinces of China.The survey showed that overall level of KM implementation in Chinese hospitals was still low and differed among different scales of hospitals (P＜0.05,or P＜0.01).In all the hospitals investigated,63.8％ did not implement KM yet,among which 46％ even had not planned for that.49.8％ of the hospitals investigated had no training program about KM ever and the main source of hospital staff to get knowledge was iuternet.It suggested that hospital managers should make much more efforts to get to know and understand theories on KM,so that hospital KM could be promoted more rapidly.
ABSTRACT
The implementation of knowledge management (KM) in hospitals affects efficiency and outcomes of hospitals.However,few studies explored the implementation of KM in China.Twenty-two questions were designed concerning KM implementation status in over 50 hospitals.In order to understand the KM level and attitude to KM of the hospital's managers,a random sampling survey was conducted among 138 managers from 50 different scales of hospitals in 15 provinces of China.The survey showed that overall level of KM implementation in Chinese hospitals was still low and differed among different scales of hospitals (P＜0.05,or P＜0.01).In all the hospitals investigated,63.8％ did not implement KM yet,among which 46％ even had not planned for that.49.8％ of the hospitals investigated had no training program about KM ever and the main source of hospital staff to get knowledge was iuternet.It suggested that hospital managers should make much more efforts to get to know and understand theories on KM,so that hospital KM could be promoted more rapidly.
ABSTRACT
Objective To analyze the changes of distribution and drug resistance of isolated pathogens for ventilator-associated-pneumonia (VAP) in seven intensive care units from January 2013 to December 2015,so that provides information for clinical antibiotic treatment.Methods Collected the patient records diagnosed with VAP to get the distribution and drug resistance of isolated pathogens for VAP in ICU from January 2013 to December 2015.Compared the distribution of isolated pathogens for VAP among three year with Chi-square tests,and compared the drug resistance of main isolated pathogens with Nonparametric tests.Results 177 patients were diagnosed with VAP from January 2013 to December 2015.A total of 192 strains of pathogens were isolated from the VAP patients in ICU.Among which the gram-negative bacteria were dominant.It took up 90.6％.There was no significant statistical difference for the distribution of pathogens (x2 =2.372,P=0.668＞0.05).Analyzed the drug resistance rate and trends for the primary pathogens like Acinetobacter Bauman,Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus,among which,the drug resistance of Acinetobacter Bauman from 2013 to 2015 made statistical difference.Conclusion The major pathogen isolated from VAP patients was gram-negative bacteria from January 2013 to December 2015,especially for Acinetobacter Bauman.Drug resistance of Acinetobacter Bauman was serious.Should administrated appropriate to treat the VAP infection resulted from Acinetobacter Bauman.
ABSTRACT
The most frequently used spermicide Nonoxynol-9 [N-9] in the clinic alters the vaginal flora, which will result in an increased risk of opportunistic infection. So development of a novel spermicidal and microbicidal drug appears to be inevitable. Vaginal local immune is an important part of vaginal flora. Secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor [SLPI], surfactant proteins D [SP-D], and lactoferrin [LF] are anti-microbial molecules with important roles in immune system of female vaginas. To observe effect of a vaginal spermicide nonoxynol-9 [N-9] berberine plural gel on the expression of SLPI SP-D and LF in mice's vaginas. Female BABL/C mice were randomly divided into following 5 groups: normal control group, blank gel group, berberine gel group, 12% N-9 gel group and N-9 berberine plural gel group. Estradiol benzoate at physiological dose was done by hypodermic injection to every group's mice. After 72h, drug gels were separately injected into the mice's vaginas, while immunohistochemistry and Western blot were taken to detect the expression of the 3 indexes in mice's vaginas respectively after 24h and 72h of gel injection. The differences in the three indexes between normal control group and blank gel group were not significant statistically [p>0.05]. The expression of the three indexes in 12% N-9 gel group was decreased compared to that in blank gel group [p<0.05]. The differences in the three indexes between N-9 berberine plural gel group and blank gel group were not significant statistically [p>0.05]. Also, the three index's level of 24h and 72h in sub observation groups after treatment were without statistical significance [p>0.05]. Application of N-9 berberine plural gel had little impact on antimicrobial peptides in normal mice's vaginas
Subject(s)
Female , Animals, Laboratory , Nonoxynol , Berberine , Gels , Mice, Inbred BALB C , Secretory Leukocyte Peptidase Inhibitor , Pulmonary Surfactant-Associated Protein D , Lactoferrin , Anti-Infective AgentsABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore a convenient and effective method for norovirus nucleic acid extraction from oysters suitable for long-term viral surveillance.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Two methods, namely method A (glycine washing and polyethylene glycol precipitation of the virus followed by silica gel centrifugal column) and method B (protease K digestion followed by application of paramagnetic silicon) were compared for their performance in norovirus nucleic acid extraction from oysters. Real-time RT-PCR was used to detect norovirus in naturally infected oysters and in oysters with induced infection.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The two methods yielded comparable positive detection rates for the samples, but the recovery rate of the virus was higher with method B than with method A.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Method B is a more convenient and rapid method for norovirus nucleic acid extraction from oysters and suitable for long-term surveillance of norovirus.</p>
Subject(s)
Animals , Centrifugation , Methods , Norovirus , Genetics , Ostreidae , Virology , RNA, ViralABSTRACT
The purpose of this paper is to encapsulate neurotoxin-I (NT-I), a kind of analgesic peptide, into polylactic acid (PLA) nanoparticles (NPs) and to evaluate their transport into the brain after intranasal administration (in) by use of microdialysis sampling technique developed in our laboratory recently. NT-I-NPs (NT-Iradiolabeled with sodium 125I-Iodide) were prepared by a double emulsification solvent evaporation method, and were characterized in terms of surface morphology, particle size distribution, zeta potential and entrapment efficiency. Then, NT-I-NPs were administered intranasally or intravenously to rats and the radioactivities in periaqueductal gray (PAG) were monitored up to 240 min utilizing the microdialysis sampling technique. Nanoparticles prepared were spherical with homogenous size distribution. Their mean particle size and zeta potential measured were (65.3 +/- 10.8) nm and (-28.6 +/- 2.3) mV, respectively. The entrapment efficiency of NT-Iencapsulated into nanoparticles was (35.5 +/- 2.8)%. The brain transport results showed that the time to peak level (Tmax) of NT-I-NPs (in) was (65 +/- 10) min approximately, apparently shorter compared with NT-I-NPs [iv, (95 +/- 10) min] or NT-I [iv, (145 +/- 10) min]. The concentration to peak level (Cmax) and the area under the curves from zero to 4 h (AUC0-4h) of each group followed this order: NT-I-NPs (in) > NT-I-NPs (iv) > NT-I (iv). With nanoparticles as carriers and administered intranasally could be a potential way for centrally active peptides to improve their brain transport. Microdialysis is quite a good technique for the study of drug delivery to the brain.