Based on the macromolecules in traditional Chinese medicine exploring the material basis and mechanism of the analgesic effect of Shaoyao Gancao Decoction / 药学学报

In order to study the analgesic effect of Shaoyao Gancao Decoction, this paper discussed material basis and mechanism from the perspective of macromolecules in traditional Chinese medicine. Inspired by the phenomenon of turbidity after boiling Chinese medicine, this experiment took Shaoyao Gancao Decoction as the research object to study the formation process of precipitation during boiling. The results showed that aggregates with a certain shape were formed in the solvent during the boiling process, and the precipitate was obtained by standing and centrifuging. Analysis found that the precipitation was mainly composed of small molecules such as paeoniflorin, albiflorin, liquiritin, glycyrrhizic acid, isoliquiritin and gallic acid, and macromolecules such as protein and polysaccharide. The composition of precipitate was consistent with that of Shaoyao Gancao Decoction, but the analgesic effect of Shaoyao Gancao Decoction after removing the precipitate was significantly reduced. Based on these results, we isolated small molecular compounds, polysaccharides and protein from Shaoyao Gancao Decoction and their contents are 60.4, 700.7 and 207.2 mg·g-1 respectively. We get the ratio, polysaccharide: small molecule = 11.6∶1, protein: small molecule = 3.4∶1, the precipitate is prepared in the state of boiling. The characterization results showed that the particle size of the precipitate will change significantly after co-heating, and the content determination results showed that the content of the six small molecular compounds which was free in solvent was significantly reduced after the formation of the precipitate. The acetic acid writhing experiment proved that the precipitate has a good analgesic effect, and effectively reduced the levels of inflammatory factors prostaglandin E2 and nitric oxide, and increased the level of anti-inflammatory factor interleukin-10. These results proved that the precipitate in Shaoyao Gancao Decoction is an important material basis for analgesic effect, and macromolecules such as protein and polysaccharide are the main components of the precipitate. The study of macromolecules in the precipitate of Shaoyao Gancao Decoction not only provides new ideas and methods for elucidating the pharmacodynamic material basis of Shaoyao Gancao Decoction, but also provides a reference for analyzing the scientificity of traditional decoction.

A neutrophil-biomimic platform for eradicating metastatic breast cancer stem-like cells by redox microenvironment modulation and hypoxia-triggered differentiation therapy

Metastasis accounts for 90% of breast cancer deaths, where the lethality could be attributed to the poor drug accumulation at the metastatic loci. The tolerance to chemotherapy induced by breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) and their particular redox microenvironment further aggravate the therapeutic dilemma. To be specific, therapy-resistant BCSCs can differentiate into heterogeneous tumor cells constantly, and simultaneously dynamic maintenance of redox homeostasis promote tumor cells to retro-differentiate into stem-like state in response to cytotoxic chemotherapy. Herein, we develop a specifically-designed biomimic platform employing neutrophil membrane as shell to inherit a neutrophil-like tumor-targeting capability, and anchored chemotherapeutic and BCSCs-differentiating reagents with nitroimidazole (NI) to yield two hypoxia-responsive prodrugs, which could be encapsulated into a polymeric nitroimidazole core. The platform can actively target the lung metastasis sites of triple negative breast cancer (TNBC), and release the escorted drugs upon being triggered by the hypoxia microenvironment. During the responsiveness, the differentiating agent could promote transferring BCSCs into non-BCSCs, and simultaneously the nitroimidazole moieties conjugated on the polymer and prodrugs could modulate the tumor microenvironment by depleting nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate hydrogen (NADPH) and amplifying intracellular oxidative stress to prevent tumor cells retro-differentiation into BCSCs. In combination, the BCSCs differentiation and tumor microenvironment modulation synergistically could enhance the chemotherapeutic cytotoxicity, and remarkably suppress tumor growth and lung metastasis. Hopefully, this work can provide a new insight in to comprehensively treat TNBC and lung metastasis using a versatile platform.

Tumor cell-based glycolytic metabolism and single-cell sequencing of urinary exfoliated cells for the diagnosis and molecular profiling of urothelial carcinoma / 中华病理学杂志

Objective: To explore the diagnostic values of HK2 testing and single-cell sequencing in the urothelial carcinoma (UC). Methods: The qualified urine specimens of 265 suspected UC patients or postoperative patients from the Cancer Hospital of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China were collected. Both exfoliative cytology and HK2 testing were performed on clinically suspected UC or postoperative patients. The performance of diagnostic cytology and HK2, including consistency, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value, was evaluated based on histopathological, clinical and imaging diagnosis. Isolated HK2 metabolically abnormal cells were subject to single-cell sequencing to verify the reliability of HK2 detection performance and to explore the molecular characteristics of UC. Results: The concordance rate of HK2 testing and cytology for detecting UC was 90.3% (102/113, Kappa=0.604). Compared with cytology, the sensitivity of HK2 was significantly higher (85.2% versus 75.6%, P=0.024). The detection sensitivity of combined HK2 testing and cytology was increased to 91.1%. HK2 testing was significantly more sensitive than cytology for diagnosing UC in the upper urinary tract (81.8% versus 65.5%, P=0.022). It was also more sensitive than cytology for diagnosing early-stage UC (82.6% versus 69.5%, P=0.375) and low-grade UC (69.6% versus 47.8%, P=0.125). Single-cell sequencing of the ten patients, whose samples were positive for HK2, demonstrated highly concordant copy number variations (CNVs) in tumor cells from the same UC patient, with heterogeneity in CNV profiles among different patients. Deletion of chromosome 8p was found in 3 of the 4 urine samples of renal pelvis UC. The 2 patients with benign lesions had no CNVs in all sequenced cells. Conclusions: The test for abnormal urinary glycolytic HK2 metabolism can assist urine cytology to improve the sensitivity of UC diagnosis, and it provides a novel and reliable approach for early detection of upper urinary tract UC and lower grade UC. Meanwhile, this study has preliminarily revealed the feasibility of single-cell sequencing in urinary samples, which is expected to improve the diagnostic specificity of HK2 testing.

Relationship between nutritional factors and clinical outcome in children with tuberculous meningitis / 中华儿科杂志

Objective: To investigate the relationship between nutritional risk status and clinical outcome in children with tuberculous meningitis (TBM). Methods: The clinical data (basic information, clinical symptoms and laboratory test results) of 112 patients with TBM, who were admitted to Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases of West China Second Hospital of Sichuan University,from January 2013 to December 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were divided into the nutritional risk group and the non-nutritional risk group according to the assessment of the nutritional risk by the STRONGkids Scale. The variables of basic information, clinical symptoms and laboratory test measurements etc. were compared between the two groups by using Student t test, Rank sum test or Chi-square test. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis were used to analyze nutritional risk factors. Results: Among 112 patient with TBM, 55 were males and 57 females. There were 62 cases in the nutritional risk group and 50 cases in the non-nutritional risk group. The proportion of cases with nutritional risk was 55.4% (62/112). Patients in the nutritional risk who lived in rural areas, had symptoms of brain nerve damage, convulsions, emaciation and anorexia, with a diagnosis time of ≥21 days, and the level of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) protein were all higher than those in the non-nutritional risk group ((50 cases (80.6%) vs. 32 cases (64.0%), 20 cases (32.3%) vs.8 cases (16.0%), 33 cases (53.2%) vs. 15 cases (30.0%), 30 cases (48.4%) vs. 2 cases (4.0%), 59 cases (95.2%) vs. 1 case (2.0%),41 cases (66.1%) vs.18 cases (36.0%), 1 406 (1 079, 2 068) vs. 929 (683, 1 208) mg/L, χ2=3.91, 3.90, 6.10, 26.72, 98.58, 10.08, Z=4.35, all P<0.05). The levels of serum albumin,hemoglobin,lymphocyte count, white blood cell count, and CSF glucose were significantly lower in patients with nutritional risk ((36±5) vs. (41±4) g/L, (110±17) vs. (122±14) g/L, 1.4 (1.0, 2.0)vs. 2.3 (1.6, 3.8)×109/L, 7.8 (6.3, 10.0)×109 vs. 10.0 (8.3, 12.8)×109/L, 1.0 (0.8, 1.6) vs. 2.1 (1.3, 2.5) mmol/L, t=-6.15, -4.22, Z=-4.86, -3.92, -4.16, all P<0.05).Increased levels of serum albumin (OR=0.812, 95%CI:0.705-0.935, P=0.004) and lymphocyte count (OR=0.609, 95%CI:0.383-0.970, P=0.037) may reduce the nutritional risk of children with TBM; while convulsions (OR=3.853, 95%CI:1.116-13.308, P=0.033) and increased level of CSF protein (OR=1.001,95%CI:1.000-1.002, P=0.015) may increase the nutritional risk of children with TBM. Similarly, the rate of complications and drug-induced liver injury was higher in the nutritional risk group (47 cases (75.8%) vs. 15 cases(30.0%), 31 cases (50.0%) vs.8 cases (16.0%), χ2=23.50, 14.10, all P<0.05). Moreover, the length of hospital stay was also longer in the nutritional risk group ((27±13) vs. (18±7) d, t=4.38, P<0.05). Conclusions: Children with TBM have a high incidence of nutritional risk. Convulsive, the level of serum albumin, the level of lymphocyte count and CSF protein may affect the nutritional risk of children with TBM. The nutritional risk group has a high incidence of complications and heavy economic burden.It is necessary to carry out nutritional screening and nutritional support for children with TBM as early as possible.

Effects of Plant Growth-promoting Rhizobacteria on Physiological Characteristics and Inorganic Elements in Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo study the effects of different plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria （PGPR） on the growth of Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis seedlings and the quality of its medicinal parts， in order to provide reference for the cultivation of high-quality P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis. MethodThe pot culture experiment at room temperature and the single-factor completely random design were employed for exploring the effects of five PGPR on physiological characteristics and inorganic elements of P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis. ResultThe results showed that the exogenous inoculation of different PGPR promoted the growth and development of P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis to varying degrees， delayed the senescence of leaves， and improved the medicinal value of new and old rhizomes. Compared with the non-inoculated control， the exogenous inoculation of compound microbial fertilizer （FH） and microbial agent Sanju Guanjin liquid （SJ） enhanced the root vigor， increased the content of photosynthetic pigments and the activities of anti-oxidant enzymes ［superoxide dismutase （SOD）， catalase （CAT）， and peroxidase （POD）］， and reduced the content of malondialdehyde （MDA） in leaves. Their inhibition rates against MDA were 10.46%-39.62% and 20.99%-53.12%， respectively. With the growth of P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis， the inhibition rate against MDA gradually increased， which effectively delayed the senescence of P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis leaves. In addition， the exogenous inoculation of different PGPR promoted the accumulation of nutrient elements in new and old rhizomes， lowered the heavy metal content to varying degrees， and improved the medicinal value of P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis rhizomes. ConclusionFH and SJ have exhibited the best promoting effect on the growth of P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis seedlings and also the best regulatory effect on the medicinal value of P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis rhizomes， which has provided reference for the application and promotion of PGPR in the growth of P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis.

Sleep initiation patterns and their influence on sleep quality in infants and young children / 中国当代儿科杂志

OBJECTIVES@#To investigate the current status of sleep initiation patterns, influencing factors for sleep initiation patterns, and the influence of sleep initiation patterns on sleep quality in infants and young children.@*METHODS@#A total of 521 infants and young children, aged 0-35 months, who underwent physical examination at the outpatient service of the Department of Growth and Development in Shenzhen Bao'an Women's and Children's Hospital Affiliated to Jinan University were enrolled as subjects. A self-designed questionnaire and Brief Infant Sleep Questionnaire were used to collect the information on family background, parenting behaviors, and sleep quality in the past one week. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the influencing factors for sleep initiation patterns. A multiple linear regression analysis was used to evaluate the influence of sleep initiation patterns on the number of nighttime awakenings.@*RESULTS@#Among the 521 infants and young children, 258 (49.5%) were breastfed/bottle fed to initiate sleep, 62 (11.9%) were rocked/held to initiate sleep, 39 (7.5%) slept independently, and 162 (31.1%) initiated sleep accompanied by parents. The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the children with breastfeeding and a younger age were more likely to be breastfed/bottle fed to initiate sleep (P<0.05) and that the children with a younger age were also more likely to be rocked/held to initiate sleep (P<0.05). The multiple linear regression analysis showed that sleep initiation with breastfeeding/bottle feeding significantly increased the number of nighttime awakenings (P<0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#Most infants and young children initiate sleep by being breastfed/bottle fed, rocked/held, or accompanied. The sleep initiation pattern is associated with the age of children and whether they are still breastfeeding. Sleep initiation with breastfeeding/bottle feeding can increase the number of nighttime awakenings. io.

Knowledge, attitude and behavior of AIDS in college students in Songjiang District of Shanghai / 上海预防医学

Objective To determine the status of HIV/AIDS-related knowledge, attitude and behavior in college students, and to provide the theoretical basis for strategy of control and prevention. Methods By using random cluster sampling method, we conducted an anonymous online questionnaire survey on a total of 917 young students in Songjiang District of Shanghai. Results The awareness rate of HIV/AIDS-related knowledge was 71.8% among 903 responders. 11.1% of the students had sexual experience, and the rate was higher in male students than in female students(χ2 = 10.549, P < 0.01). The average age of first sexual intercourse was 18.4±1.3 years old, and 60.0% of the students used condom when having sex for the first time. In this survey, only 28.2% were willing to take anonymous HIV antibody urine test, and 1.8% of the students had been tested for HIV. Conclusion The overall awareness rate of knowledge of prevention and control of HIV/AIDS, the rate of condom use, and the willingness to take anonymous HIV antibody urine test are low among young college students in Songjiang District of Shanghai. We suggest to carry out targeted health education activities and to expand coverage of HIV testing by promoting the anonymous HIV antibody urine test for control the spread of HIV/AIDS among young students.

Screening and identification of potassium-dissolving bacteria from different rhizosphere soil of Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis / 中国中药杂志

The study aiming at exploring the potassium-dissolving capacity of rhizosphere potassium-dissolving bacteria from diffe-rent sources and screen the strains with high potassium-dissolving ability, so as to lay a theoretical foundation for cultivation and quality improvement of Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis sources. The rhizosphere soil of 10 wild and transplanted species from Yunnan, Sichuan and Guizhou provinces was used as the research object. Potassium-dissolving bacteria were isolated and purified, and their potassium-dissolving capacity was determined by flame spectrophotometry, and identified by physiological, biochemical and molecular biological methods. Twenty-six potassium-dissolving bacteria were purified and 13 were obtained from wild and transplanted strains respectively. It was found through the determination of potassium-dissolving capacity that the potassium-dissolving capacity of 26 strains was significantly different, and the mass concentration of K~+ in the fermentation broth were 1.04-2.75 mg·L~(-1), the mcentration of potassium were 0.01-1.82 mg·L~(-1). The strains were identified as Bacillus, Agrobacterium rhizome and Staphylococcus by physiological, biochemical and 16 S rDNA molecular methods, among them Bacillus amylolyticus(4 strains) was the dominant bacterium of Bacillus. The physiology and biochemistry of rhizosphere potassium-dissolving bacteria in P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis rhizosphere were diffe-rent, and the living environment were different, so the potassium-dissolving capacity also changed. Strain Y4-1 with the highest potassium decomposability was Bacillus amylolytic with a potassium increase of 1.82 mg·L~(-1). The potassium-dissolving ability and the distribution of potassium-dissolving bacteria were different in various habitats. The screening of potassium-dissolving bacteria provided a new strain for the preparation of microbial fertilizer. It is expected that B. amyloidococcus Y4-1 can be used as an ideal strain to cultivate mycorrhizal seedlings of P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis.

Pleurodesis with an Autologous Blood Patch in the Treatment of Persistent Air Leak after Lung Resection / 中国医学科学院学报

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and risks of autologous blood patch pleurodesis in patients with persistent air leak(PAL)after lung resection. Methods A total of 97 patients with PAL after lung resection in Beijing Shijitan Hospital from October 2014 to October 2019 were retrospectively reviewed,including 53 treated by autologous blood patch pleurodesis and 44 by the conventional way.The therapeutic effect,adverse reactions and complications were analyzed. Results All the patients with PAL were cured with autologous blood patch pleurodesis.Most air leaks(81.1%)ceased within 48 hours after treatment,and the left 18.9% patients got cured after a repeat.The mean tube retention time and the mean in-hospital stay were 8.4 days and 10.0 days in the autologous blood patch pleurodesis group and 13.5 days and 15.3 days in the conventional treatment group.A prolonged drainage time(P=0.00)and in-hospital stay(P=0.00)were observed in the conventional treatment group.No severe complications were observed except two patients developed slight fever and cutaneous emphysema. Conclusion In our experience,the autologous blood patch pleurodesis is an effective way with low risk of adverse reactions in the treatment of PAL.

Effect of Different Combinations of Arbuscular Mycorrhiza on Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis and Chemical Components / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To study the effects of different arbuscular mycorrhizal（AM） fungi combinations on the growth and quality of<italic> Paris polyphylla</italic> var. <italic>yunnanensis</italic> seedlings，in order to provide reference for the cultivation of high quality <italic>P. polyphylla</italic> var. <italic>yunnanensis</italic>. Method:Through the room temperature pot inoculation test method，nine groups of different AM fungi combinations were inoculated into sterilized soil，and the control group was not inoculated. The effects of different AM fungi combinations on root infection rate，photosynthetic parameters，physiological indexes and chemical components of <italic>P. polyphylla</italic> var. <italic>yunnanensis</italic> seedlings were observed. Result:The spore density in rhizosphere soil，the infection rate and intensity of AM fungi in roots，and the activities of succinate dehydrogenase and alkaline phosphatase in roots of <italic>P. polyphylla</italic> var. <italic>yunnanensis</italic> were significantly increased by inoculating the combination of exogenous AM fungi. Compared with the control group，the contents of chlorophyll，malondialdehyde，soluble sugar，soluble protein content and the activities of antioxidant enzymes in leaves of <italic>P. polyphylla</italic> var. <italic>yunnanensis</italic> were increased in different AM fungi treatment groups. The content of total saponin increased from T1 to T2，decreased rapidly from T2 to T4，and increased at T5. Conclusion:Different mixed AM fungus can form a good symbiotic relationship with the roots of <italic>P. polyphylla</italic> var. <italic>yunnanensis</italic>，improve the mycorrhizal vitality，enhance the resistance of <italic>P. polyphylla</italic> var. <italic>yunnanensis</italic> to adverse environment，promote the growth and development of <italic>P. polyphylla</italic> var. <italic>yunnanensis</italic> and improve the quality of rhizome. According to the comprehensive inoculation effect，the combination of S5，S8 and S9 AM fungus has the best effect，which provides reference value for the application of mycorrhizal biotechnology of <italic>P. polyphylla</italic> var. <italic>yunnanensis</italic>.

Influences of Natural Fibrous Root Decay on Growth and Active Component Content of Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To explore the effect of natural decay of exogenously added fibrous roots on the growth and development of <italic>Paris polyphylla</italic> var. <italic>yunnanensis </italic>and its medicinal quality. Method:The effects of natural decay of fibrous roots at different amounts on mycorrhizal infection rate， physiological and biochemical indexes， and saponin contents of <italic>P. polyphylla</italic> var. <italic>yunnanensis </italic>were studied in pot culture experiments at room temperature. Result:The results showed that the infection rate of arbuscular mycorrhizal （AM） fungi in the root of <italic>P. polyphylla</italic> var. <italic>yunnanensis </italic>was not significantly affected by different fibrous root treatments， but there were significant differences in infection intensity. The photosynthetic pigment content in the leaves declined significantly with the increase in fibrous root amount， and the total chlorophyll was decreased by 78.7% at most. The contents of soluble protein， soluble sugar and malondialdehyde in the leaves of <italic>P. polyphylla</italic> var. <italic>yunnanensis </italic>showed an overall upward trend. The activities of the three protective enzymes varied. The peroxidase and malondialdehyde were reduced by 181.6% and 200.0% at most. In the root system of <italic>P. polyphylla </italic>var. <italic>yunnanensis</italic>， the contents of the above-mentioned six components decreased to varying degrees， with the largest reductions of peroxidase and malondialdehyde reaching 44.6% and 69.7%. Different fibrous root treatments resulted in a decrease in active component content of <italic>P. polyphylla </italic>var. <italic>yunnanensis</italic>. The total content of the four saponins was decreased by 58.9% at most， and the total saponin content by 46.9%. Conclusion:The natural decay of fibrous roots affects the soil microbial environment of root system， reduces the photosynthetic pigment content in leaves， and destroys the stability of cells， thus interfering with the growth and development of <italic>P. polyphylla </italic>var. <italic>yunnanensis</italic>， reducing its medicinal components， and causing continuous cropping obstacles.

Prevalence and risk factors of asthma among adults in Songjiang District of Shanghai： a cross-sectional study / 上海预防医学

Objective:To determine the prevalence and risk factors of asthma among adults. Methods:A total of 37 670 adults aged 18 years and above was enrolled in Songjiang District， Shanghai using a multi-stage stratified sampling method between April 2016 and October 2017. Statistical analysis， such as t-test and Chi-square test， was performed to check the difference between the participants with asthma and non-asthma participants. Risk factors for asthma were examined by logistic regression analysis in all participants. Results:Overall， 36 698 subjects were enrolled in the study， in which 752 had asthma. The overall prevalence of asthma was determined to be 2.05%. The prevalence in females was 2.16%， and that in males was 1.88%， which didn’t achieve significance（P>0.05）. Compared to non-asthma participants， those with asthma were more likely to be older （［60.3±9.48］ years vs. ［56.29±11.31］ years）， widowed （6.91%>4.45%，P<0.05）， with educational level of primary school and below （58.64%>46.55%， P<0.01）， higher level of total cholesterol （TC） and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol （LDL-C） （P<0.05）， had more co-morbidities， such as hypertension （42.00%>15.00%，P<0.001）， chronic obstructive pulmonary disease （COPD） （6.25%>0.41%，P<0.001）， chronic bronchitis （51.33%>6.32%，P<0.001） and tuberculosis （2.66%>0.96%，P<0.05）， depression（2.13%>0.41%，P<0.05）， and Parkinson's disease （0.93%>0.39%，P<0.05）. Multivariable analysis showed that family history of asthma， history of hypertension， chronic bronchitis， COPD， depression and educational level of primary school and below were the risks factors associated with adult asthma （P<0.05）. Conclusion:Prevalence of adult asthma in Shanghai has increased in recent years. Targeted health education may be strengthened for improving adult awareness towards asthma and reducing the disease burden.

The optimal surgical time of laparoscopic appendicectomy after conservative treatment of appendiceal abscess in children / 中华实用儿科临床杂志

Objective:To explore the optimal surgical time of laparoscopic appendectomy after conservative treatment of appendiceal abscess in children.Methods:Clinical data of 86 children with appendiceal abscess diagnosed in the Department of General Surgery, Wuhan Children′s Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology from January 2016 to June 2020 were retrospectively analyzed.According to the delayed laparoscopic appendectomy interval after the appendiceal abscess was cured, 86 children were divided into group A, B and C. Briefly, patients in the 3 groups were treated with laparoscopic appendectomy 4 weeks, 8 weeks and over 12 weeks after the appendiceal abscess was cured, respectively.Children with recurrent appendicitis during delayed operation were not included.The incidence of appendicitis recurrence during delayed operation, the incidences of intraoperative complications, conversion to laparotomy, and postoperative complications, operation time, the time of postoperative intestinal function recovery, and postoperative hospital stay were compared among 3 groups.Results:There were 10, 31 and 45 cases in group A, B and C, respectively.Among them 10, 30 and 39 patients received laparoscopic appendectomy, and 0, 1 and 6 cases had appendicitis recurrence in group A, B and C, respectively.There were no significant differences in the age, gender, diameter of appendiceal abscess, inflammatory indexes at diagnosis of diagnosing appendiceal abscess, cure time of conservative treatment of abscess, and inflammatory indexes at laparoscopic appendectomy among the 3 groups (all P>0.05). The incidence of appendicitis recurrence in group C(13.33%) was significantly higher than that in group A (0) and group B (3.22%)( P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the incidence of appendicitis recurrence between group A and group B( P>0.05). The incidences of intraoperative(group A, B, C was 40.00%, 10.00%, 10.26%, respectively) and postoperative complications (group A, B, C was 40.00%, 6.70%, 5.10%, respectively), and conversion to laparotomy(group A, B, C was 20.00%, 0, 0), operation time [group A, B, C was (106.70±7.42) d, 41.40±10.44) d, (39.60±11.27) d, respectively], postoperative intestinal function recovery time [group A, B, C was(5.80±2.15) d, (0.93±0.17) d, (0.83±0.11) d], and postoperative hospital stay[group A, B, C was(12.40±4.15) d, (1.67±0.31) d, (1.58±0.44) d] in group A were significantly higher than those in group B and group C(all P<0.05), but no significant differences were found between group B and group C(all P>0.05). Conclusions:Eight weeks are the best time for laparoscopic appendectomy after conservative treatment of appendiceal abscess in children.

Isolation and identification of phosphatolytic bacteria in Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis / 中国中药杂志

The wild resources of Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis, a secondary endangered medicinal plant, are severely scarce. Introduction and cultivation can alleviate market demand. To screen phosphatolytic bacteria in the rhizosphere soil of P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis and provide data support for the development of high-efficiency microbial fertilizer, in this study, the dilution plate coating method was used to isolate and screen the phosphorus solubilizing bacteria with the ability of mineralizing organic phosphorus from the rhizosphere soil of wild and transplanted varieties of P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis in 10 different locations in Yunnan, Sichuan and Guizhou. After separation and purification, the phosphatolytic capacity was analyzed by qualitative and quantitative analysis. Combined with physiological and biochemical experiments, the strains were identified using 16 S rDNA sequencing analysis. Forty one strains were selected from the rhizosphere soil of P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis from 10 different habitats. Among them, 21 strains were obtained from the rhizosphere soil of the wild variety P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis and 20 strains were obtained from the rhizosphere soil of the transplanted variety. And significance analysis found that 41 organophosphate solubilizing strains had significant differences in their ability to solubilize phosphorus. The amount of phosphate solubilizing was 0.08-67.61 mg·L~(-1), the pH value was between 4.27 and 6.82. The phosphatolytic amount of strain Y3-5 was 67.61 mg·L~(-1), and the phosphorus increase amount was 57.57 mg·L~(-1). All 41 strains were identified as Gram-positive Bacillus. Combining physiological characteristic and phylogenetic trees, Bacillus mobilis Y3-5 was finally selected as the candidate rhizosphere phosphatolytic bacteria of P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis. The distribution of phosphorus solubilizing bacteria in the rhizosphere soil of P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis was different, and there were significant diffe-rences in phosphorus solubility. Organophosphate-dissolving strain Y3-5 is expected to be a candidate strain of P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis microbial fertilizer.

A case of Crohn's disease combined with inflammatory myofibroblastoma of abdominal wall / 中南大学学报(医学版)

Inflammatory myofibroblastoma (IMT) is a rare solid tumor, and its etiology and pathogenesis are unclear. Crohn's disease is a non-specific intestinal inflammatory disease. The clinical manifestations, laboratory examinations, and imaging examinations of IMT are not specific, making diagnosis difficult. A case of Crohn's disease combined with IMT of abdominal wall was admitted to the Department of Gastroenterology at the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, on Nov. 21, 2017. This patient was admitted to our hospital because of repeated right lower abdominal pain for 4 years. A 6 cm×5 cm mass was palpated in the right lower abdomen. After completing the transanal double-balloon enteroscopy and computed tomographic enterography for the small intestinal, the cause was still unidentified. The patient underwent surgery due to an abdominal wall mass with intestinal fistula on Sept. 12, 2018 and recovered well currently. According to histopathology and immunohistochemistry, he was diagnosed with Crohn's disease combined with IMT. Up to July 2020, the patients still took azathioprine regularly, without abdominal pain, abdominal distension, and other discomfort, and the quality of his life was good.

Clinical features of 44 patients with small bowel Crohn / 中南大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVES@#At present, there are many studies on Crohn's disease of terminal ileum and colon, but few studies on Crohn's disease of small intestine alone. This study aims to analyze the clinical features and therapeutic effect of small bowel in adult patients with Crohn's disease so as to strengthen the diagnosis and treatment for this disease.@*METHODS@#From July 1, 2015 to October 31, 2018, patients with small bowel Crohn's disease at Department of Gastroenterology, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, were enrolled. At the same time, patients' demographics and clinical data were collected.@*RESULTS@#A total of 44 patients were small bowel Crohn's disease. Among them, 40 patients were male. The age at diagnosis was (35.8±10.3) years old and disease duration was (35.2±59.5) months. The subtypes included 29(65.9%) of ileum, 7(15.9%) of jejunum, 8(18.2%) of ileum with jejunum. There were 27(61.4%) of stricture behavior, 4(9.1%) of penetrating behavior, and 13(29.5%) of non-stricture and non-penetrating behavior. Endoscopic visible stricture (29/85, 34.1%) was common, followed by longitudinal ulcers (27/85, 31.8%). Non-caseate granulomatous were found in 2 cases (4.5%). The score of Crohn's disease activity index was correlated to hemoglobin, hematocrit, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (all @*CONCLUSIONS@#Patients with ileum account for a large proportion in patients with small bowel Crohn's disease. Stricture is more common in small bowel Crohn's disease. Stricture and longitudinal ulcer are more common under enteroscopy. Crohn's disease activity index is correlated to hemoglobin, red blood cell specific volume, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate. The most common complication is intestinal obstruction. Mesalazine is less effective on small bowel Crohn's disease.

Assessment of growth pattern of preterm infants up to a corrected age of 24 months / 中国当代儿科杂志

OBJECTIVES@#To assess the growth of preterm infants up to a corrected age of 24 months, and to understand the growth trend and pattern of preterm infants.@*METHODS@#A preterm infant follow-up database was established based on the Internet Plus follow-up system. A total of 3 188 preterm infants who were born from April 2018 to April 2021 were enrolled. Their length, weight, and head circumference were recorded at birth and at the corrected ages of 1, 3, 6, 12, 18, and 24 months. The preterm infants were grouped by perinatal factors. The growth curves of these infants were plotted and compared with the International Fetal and Newborn Growth Consortium for the 21st Century (INTERGROWTH-21st) standard and World Health Organization (WHO) standard.@*RESULTS@#The weight, length, and head circumference curves of each group of preterm infants grouped by various perinatal factors all rose rapidly within the corrected age of 6 months, but the growth rate slowed down after the corrected age of 6 months. Based on the actual age for the groups of preterm infants with different gestational ages (<28 weeks, 28-31@*CONCLUSIONS@#The physical growth rate of preterm infants is faster within the corrected age of 6 months, and the growth rate slows down after the corrected age of 6 months. Preterm infants with a smaller gestational age need longer time to catch up in weight and head circumference. More attention should be paid to the physical growth of extremely preterm infants, extremely low birth weight infants, and small-for-gestational-age infants.

AIDS sentinel surveillance of female sex workers in Songjiang District of Shanghai / 上海预防医学

Objective To investigate the knowledge of HIV/AIDS among the female sex workers in Songjiang District of Shanghai, changes in their related behaviors, and prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus(HIV), syphilis, and hepatitis C virus (HCV), providing evidence for related prevention and control work in this regard. Methods During 2011-2015 sentinel surveillance period, in the area of Songjiang District, according to the survey method of the National AIDS Sentinel Monitoring Implementation Program, questionnaires were conducted on the female sex workers and their venous blood was collected to detect HIV, syphilis and HCV antibodies. Results A total of 2 064 secret prostitutes were surveyed.The overall awareness rate of AIDS-related knowledge among them was 94.77%, and the annual awareness rates were 93.33%, 95.01%, 93.00%, 99.76%, and 92.57%, respectively(P < 0.05);The total proportion of the female sex workers who used condoms in the last commercial sex was 90.07%, and 84.05%, 80.55%, 93.72%, 99.06%, and 95.79% respectively in the calendar year(P < 0.05);The total proportion of the female sex workers who insisted on using condoms for commercial sex in the last 1 month was 76.74%, and 69.29%, 60.60%, 86.47%, 87.76%, and 78.96% respectively in the calendar year(P < 0.05);The average detection rate of HIV antibodies for 5 years was 0.00%, syphilis antibody detection rate was 3.00%, and HCV antibody detection rate was 0.34%. Conclusion The knowledge level of AIDS related knowledge is high among the female sex workers in Songjiang District.The persistent condom use rate during commercial sex is low in the last month; the syphilis detection rate is slightly higher than the national average.

AIDS sentinel surveillance of female sex workers in Songjiang District of Shanghai / 上海预防医学

Objective To investigate the knowledge of HIV/AIDS among the female sex workers in Songjiang District of Shanghai, changes in their related behaviors, and prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus(HIV), syphilis, and hepatitis C virus (HCV), providing evidence for related prevention and control work in this regard. Methods During 2011-2015 sentinel surveillance period, in the area of Songjiang District, according to the survey method of the National AIDS Sentinel Monitoring Implementation Program, questionnaires were conducted on the female sex workers and their venous blood was collected to detect HIV, syphilis and HCV antibodies. Results A total of 2 064 secret prostitutes were surveyed.The overall awareness rate of AIDS-related knowledge among them was 94.77%, and the annual awareness rates were 93.33%, 95.01%, 93.00%, 99.76%, and 92.57%, respectively(P < 0.05);The total proportion of the female sex workers who used condoms in the last commercial sex was 90.07%, and 84.05%, 80.55%, 93.72%, 99.06%, and 95.79% respectively in the calendar year(P < 0.05);The total proportion of the female sex workers who insisted on using condoms for commercial sex in the last 1 month was 76.74%, and 69.29%, 60.60%, 86.47%, 87.76%, and 78.96% respectively in the calendar year(P < 0.05);The average detection rate of HIV antibodies for 5 years was 0.00%, syphilis antibody detection rate was 3.00%, and HCV antibody detection rate was 0.34%. Conclusion The knowledge level of AIDS related knowledge is high among the female sex workers in Songjiang District.The persistent condom use rate during commercial sex is low in the last month; the syphilis detection rate is slightly higher than the national average.

Effect of Mixed Inoculation of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal on Growth and Chemical Composition of Aucklandia lappa Seedlings / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To explore the synergistic effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal（AM） fungi mixed inoculation on the growth，physiological and biochemical characteristics，root biomass and terpenoid component accumulation of Aucklandia lappa seedlings，so as to provide a reference for the combination and application of the dominant complementary effect mycorrhizal fungi. Method:The effect of different AM fungi combined with inoculation on the root mycorrhizal infection rate，plant growth，physiological and biochemical characteristics，root biomass，costunolide and dehydrocostus lactone of A. lappa seedlings were determined by pot inoculation at room temperature. Result:It was found that AM fungi could form good mycorrhizal symbiosis with the roots of A. lappa.The formation of mycorrhizal symbiosis system could increase the chlorophyll content of A. lappa leaves，increase the activities of catalase（CAT），peroxidase （POD），superoxide dismutase （SOD），reduce the content of malondialdehyde（MDA），and promote photosynthesis of A. lappa. Compared with CK group，AM fungus treatment could significantly promote the accumulation of costunolide and dehydrocostus lactone，and the accumulation of its metabolites，costunolide and dehydrocostus lactone，into roots during the symbiotic cultivation of A. lappa seedlings，indirectly improving the quality of medicines and yield of alantolactone. Conclusion:Inoculation of AM fungi can improve the root mycorrhizal viability，increase the absorption of nutrients and promote the growth of woody incense.The mixed inoculation treatment of S2，S4 and S5 had the best mycorrhizal effect in artificial cultivation，and the growth and medicinal quality of A. lappa were the best，which provided technical support for the application and popularization of A. lappa mycorrhizal biotechnology.