Ethical Thoughts on the Quality Evaluation of the Kidneys from Expanded Criteria Donors / 中国医学伦理学

In the case of extremely shortage of donor kidney sources, the number of Expanded Criteria Donors (ECD) with relatively poor kidney quality and transplantation effect is increasing. In order to alleviate the contradiction between supply and demand by using transplantable kidneys as much as possible and avoid the failure or poor effect of transplantation caused by poor quality kidneys, the quality assessment and evaluation criteria of ECD kidney have become a research hotspot in the field of kidney transplantation. This paper analyzed the possible ethical defects in the research process, and put forward some suggestions for the transplantation team to strictly follow the ethical principles of "no harm", "beneficial" and "informed consent", and the organ transplantation ethics committee to pay attention to the ethical review of the quality evaluation process of ECD donor kidney.

Lnc-TMEM132D-AS1 overexpression reduces sensitivity of non-small cell lung cancer cells to osimertinib / 南方医科大学学报

OBJECTIVE@#To screen the differentially expressed long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells with acquired resistance to osimertinib and explore their roles in drug resistance of the cells.@*METHODS@#The cell lines H1975_OR and HCC827_OR with acquired osimertinib resistance were derived from their osimertinib-sensitive parental NSCLC cell lines H1975 and HCC827, respectively, and their sensitivity to osimertinib was assessed with CCK-8 assay, clone formation assay and flow cytometry. RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) were used to screen the differentially expressed lncRNAs in osimertinib-resistant cells. The role of the identified lncRNA in osimertinib resistance was explored using CCK-8, clone formation and Transwell assays, and its subcellular localization and downstream targets were analyzed by nucleoplasmic separation, bioinformatics analysis and qPCR.@*RESULTS@#The resistance index of H1975_OR and HCC827_OR cells to osimertinib was 598.70 and 428.82, respectively (P < 0.001), and the two cell lines showed significantly increased proliferation and colony-forming abilities with decreased apoptosis (P < 0.01). RNA-seq identified 34 differentially expressed lncRNAs in osimertinib-resistant cells, and among them lnc-TMEM132D-AS1 showed the highest increase of expression after acquired osimertinib resistance (P < 0.01). Analysis of the TCGA database suggested that the level of lnc-TMEM132D-AS1 was significantly higher in NSCLC than in adjacent tissues (P < 0.001), and its high expression was associated with a poor prognosis of the patients. In osimertinib-sensitive cells, overexpression of Lnc-TMEM132D-AS1 obviously promoted cell proliferation, colony formation and migration (P < 0.05), while Lnc-TMEM132D-AS1 knockdown partially restored osimertinib sensitivity of the resistant cells (P < 0.01). Lnc-TMEM132D-AS1 was localized mainly in the cytoplasm, and bioinformatics analysis suggested that hsa-miR-766-5p was its candidate target, and their expression levels were inversely correlated. The target mRNAs of hsa-miR-766-5p were mainly enriched in the Ras signaling pathway.@*CONCLUSION@#The expression of lnc-TMEM132D-AS1 is significantly upregulated in NSCLC cells with acquired osimertinib resistance, and may serve as a potential biomarker and therapeutic target for osimertinibresistant NSCLC.

Correlation between postoperative decentration and tilt of aspherical intraocular lens implantation and visual quality / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

AIM: To investigate the correlation between postoperative lens decentration and tilt and visual quality in eyes implanted with aspherical intraocular lens(IOL)by using a new anterior segment swept-source optical coherence tomography(OCT)CASIA2.METHODS: An observational study. A total of 90 eyes of 62 participants who underwent age-related cataract surgery at 1mo were included. Using CASIA2 by an experienced examiner, IOL tilt and decentration were obtained three consecutive times after mydriasis and the vector mean values were calculated. Double-pass optical quality analysis system(OQAS)and wavefront aberration instrument KR-1W were used for the visual quality measurements, including the total high-order aberration(tHOA), spherical aberration(SA), Coma, objective scatter index(OSI), modulation transfer function cut off frequency(MTF cut off)and Strehl ratio(SR)at 4 and 6mm pupil diameter.RESULTS: IOL decentration was positively correlated with SA(r=0.347, P=0.001)and OSI(r=0.343, P=0.002)at 4mm pupil diameter, and it was negatively correlated with MTF cut off(r=-0.244, P=0.032). There was no significant correlation between IOL decentration and tHOA, Coma and SR. IOL tilt was negatively correlated with MTF cut off(r=0.-345, P=0.002)and SR(r=-0.256, P=0.023)at 4mm pupil diameter, but it was not correlated with tHOA, SA, Coma and OSI. There were no significant correlations between the IOL decentration and tilt and tHOA, SA, Coma, MTF cut off and SR at 6mm pupil diameter.CONCLUSION: After aspherical IOL implantation in age-related cataract patients, IOL decentration was weakly correlated with SA at 4mm pupil diameter, while decentration and tilt were not significantly correlated with other higher-order aberrations. The decentration and tilt were weakly correlated with OSI value and MTF cut off value of the visual quality parameters. The results suggest that clinicians should pay more attention to higher-order aberrations and visual quality during precise cataract surgery.

Meaning， Efficacy and Mechanism of Huoxin Pills in Treating Coronary Heart Disease with Qi Deficiency and Blood Stasis Syndrome / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Cardiovascular diseases， with high incidence and high mortality， belong to the category of "chest impediment and heart pain" in traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）. Chinese medicines have unique effect on the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases with little side effects. Huoxin pills， one of the National Essential Drugs， is formulated based on the basic pathogenesis of weak pulse at Yang and wiry pulse at Yin and the pathological basis of myocardial ischemia and hypoxia and used for treating angina pectoris of coronary heart disease （Qi deficiency and blood stasis syndrome）. This medicine is derived from the classic famous prescription and is composed of ten precious Chinese medicinal herbs. It can replenish Qi， activate blood， and warm collaterals to diffuse impediment by enhancing myocardial contractility and cardiac output to improve micro-circulation and increase coronary blood flow， regulating immune functions， alleviating inflammation， detoxifying， and tranquilizing mind. Clinically， it is suitable for patients with angina pectoris caused by the lack of heart Yang， chest tightness， shortness of breath， palpitation， fear of cold for limbs and so on， especially for the elderly with Yang deficiency or the patients with a history of myocardial infarction. On the basis of the available research reports， this paper explains the formula meaning of Huoxin pills from the perspective of the basic pathogenesis of coronary heart disease and predicts its action targets， location and links. Furthermore， we expound the mechanism of action of Huoxin pills based on basic research and clinical evidence-based research， aiming to provide data support and evidence for the clinical application of this medicine.

Research Progress on Pharmacological Activities and Mechanism of Triptonide / 中国实验方剂学杂志

The root of Tripterygium wilfordii has the effect in dispelling wind and eliminating dampness. Now it is mostly used in the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus and other diseases. Triptonide is a diterpene small molecule compound extracted from T. wilfordii. In the early years， it was studied as a potential drug with anti-inflammatory and anti-reproductive effects. Recently， researchers found that its anti-tumor effect was particularly prominent because triptonide could inhibit the growth of a variety of tumors with different mechanisms at the nanomole dose， with a potential to be used as a broad-spectrum anti-cancer drug. In addition， due to the low yield from T. wilfordii， low bioavailability due to poor water solubility and anti-reproductive side effect as an antitumor drug， it will become study hotspots to exploring its synthesis and preparation and modifying its structure to reduce cost， improve bioavailability and reduce side effect， while maintaining its pharmacological activity. The authors reviewed domestic and foreign studies and patents on triptonide， and summarized its pharmacological activity and mechanism. It is found that although current studies on triptonide are still in the preliminary stage， there have been increasingly more studies on its anti-tumor mechanism year by year since 2014. This paper mainly introduces the antitumor pharmacological activity and mechanism of triptonide. In addition， it reviews anti-inflammatory， immunosuppression and anti-reproductive pharmacological effect of triptonide， as well as the existing studies on its toxicity， synthesis and structural modification. The authors put forward some personal ideas on its future study direction， in the hope to provide thinking and inspirations for other researchers and provide references for further development and research.

Effect of Triptonide on Proliferation and Apoptosis of SHI-1 Cells / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:This study aims to investigate the effect of triptonide （TN） on proliferation， cell cycle， apoptosis and expressions of apoptosis-related proteins of human acute monocytic leukemia（AML） cell line SHI-1， and to explore its possible mechanism of action. Method:The thiazolyl blue （MTT） colorimetric assay was applied to detect the inhibitory effect of 20，40，80，160，320 nmol·L^-1 triptonide on the proliferation of SHI-1 cells for 48， 72 h. Changes in SHI-1 cell cycle before and after triptonide treatment were detected by flow cytometry propidium iodide （PI） simple staining， and changes in SHI-1 cell apoptosis before and after triptonide treatment were detected by flow cytometry with AnnexinV/PI double staining. Western blot was applied to detect the protein expression of cysteine protease （Caspase）-3， Caspase-8 and nuclear transcription factor kappaB（NF-<italic>κ</italic>B） in SHI-1 cells before and after treatment with 80， 160 nmol·L^-1triptonide. Result:Compared with the blank group， 40，80，160，320 nmol·L^-1 triptonide significantly inhibited the proliferation of SHI-1 cells（<italic>P</italic><0.01） in a dose-dependent manner for 48， 72 h， while 160， 320 nmol·L^-1 triptonide induced apoptosis of SHI-1 cells（<italic>P</italic><0.01） for 48， 72 h， and 160 nmol·L^-1 triptonide could decrease the S phase ratio of SHI-1 cells（<italic>P</italic><0.01）. In addition， compared with the blank group， 80，160 nmol·L^-1 triptonide induced the downregulation of NF-<italic>κ</italic>B significantly（<italic>P</italic><0.01）， 160 nmol·L^-1 triptonide induced the downregulation of Caspase-3， Caspase-8 significantly（<italic>P</italic><0.01）. Conclusion:Triptonide can inhibit the proliferation and induce apoptosis <italic>in vitro</italic> of SHI-1 cells， which may be related to the reduction of the cells in S phase proportion by triptonide， and the downregulation of the expression levels of Caspase-3， Caspase-8 and NF-<italic>κ</italic>B proteins.

Systematic Review and Sequential Analysis on Efficacy of Modified Buyang Huanwu Tang in Treatment of Chronic Heart Failure / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of modified Buyang Huanwu Tang in the treatment of chronic heart failure. Method:CNKI database，Wanfang database，VIP database，Pubmed，MEDLINE，EMBASE and Cochrane database were retrieved systematically. The literature retrieval period is from no limit to December 2019，with "Buyang Huanwu Tang" and "chronic heart failure" "heart failure" as the key words for full-text retrieval of Chinese and English databases. Literatures of randomized controlled trials（RCTs） for chronic heart failure were included， and the data were extracted. Cochrane system evaluation method was used to score the quality of literature. Stata 14.0 was applied in Meta-analysis on the retrieval results. TSA0.9 was applied in test sequential analysis. Sensitivity analysis was made to explain heterogeneity，and funnel chart was used to evaluate publication bias. Result:A total of 2 037 patients were included in 21 RCT studies. The article quality risk assessment was generally unclear risk of bias. The results of meta-analysis showed that the left ventricular ejection fraction （LVEF） in the experimental group was significantly higher than that in the control group，with statistically significant differences ［MD=0.901，95% CI （0.772，1.029），P<0.01］，the left ventricular end diastolic diameter （LVEDd） in the experimental group was significantly lower than that in the control group，with statistically significant differences ［OR=-0.650，95% CI=（-0.854，-0.446），P<0.01］，BNP in the experimental group was significantly lower than that in the control group，with statistically significant differences ［MD=-1.212，95% CI=（-1.359，-1.066），P<0.01］，6-minute walk test （6MWT） in the experimental group was significantly higher than that in the control group，with statistically significant differences ［MD=0.797， 95% CI=（0.447，1.146），P<0.01］，and the effective rate in the experimental group was significantly improved，with statistically significant differences ［OR=1.840，95% CI=（1.680，2.016），P<0.01］. Conclusion:Modified Buyang Huanwu Tang combined with conventional western medicine treatment of chronic heart failure is more effective than single administration of western medicine treatment，and can improve clinical efficacy， effectively improve the LVEF of patients with chronic heart failure，reduce the LVEDd reduces plasma BNP levels，prolong the 6-minute walking distance，and reduce the incidence of adverse reactions.

Classification and reconstruction of complex defects after lateral facial tumor surgery / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

Objective: To explore the classification and reconstruction strategy of defects in lateral face region after operation of malignant tumors. Methods: Eighteen cases with the reconstruction of complicated defects after resection of tumors in the region of lateral face from January 2015 to January 2018 in Hunan Cancer Hospital were retrospectively reviewed. There were 14 males and 4 females, aged from 32 to 68 years. According to the presence or absence of bony scaffold, complicated defects were divided into two main categories: soft tissue perforating defects and soft tissue defects combined with bony scaffold defects. All soft tissue perforating defects in 5 cases were repaired with free anterolateral femoral flaps. Among 13 cases with soft tissue plus bony scaffold defects, 3 were repaired with free fibular flaps, 6 with free fibular flaps combined with free anterolateral femoral flaps, and 4 with chimeric deep circumflex iliac artery perforator flaps combined with anterolateral femoral flaps. Results: All flaps survived well. Two patients complicated with fistula in floor of mouth, but the wound healed after dressing change. Transoral feeding was resumed within 2 weeks after surgery in all patients. One year follow-up evaluation showed that 14 cases had symmetrical face and 10 cases had mouth opening more than 3 transverse fingers. After 36-50 months of follow-up, 6 patients died, with an overall 3-year survival rate of 66.7%. Conclusion: The classification of defects with or without bony stent loss is conducive to the overall repair design, the recovery of facial contour stent, the effective fill of dead space and the maintain of residual occlusal relationship. Good reconstruction results require a multi flap combination of osteocutaneous and soft tissue flaps.

Association analysis between extracurricular physical activity and dyslipidemia among primary, middle and high school students in Guangzhou / 中华心血管病杂志

Objective: To investigate the prevalence of dyslipidemia, and to explore the association between extracurricular physical activity and dyslipidemia among primary, middle and high school students in Guangzhou. Methods: This cross-sectional study selected primary and middle school students in Guangzhou by the stratified cluster sampling method from March to December 2019. Physical examination and blood lipid test were performed. Information about students' basic characteristics and extracurricular physical activity was collected by questionnaire. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to determine the association between extracurricular physical activity and dyslipidemia in this cohort. Results: A total of 7 797 participants (mean aged (12.2±2.9) years) were included (4 194 (53.79%) boys and 3 603 (46.21%) girls]. The detection rates of high total cholesterol, high triglycerides, low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and dyslipidemia were 12.49% (974/7 797), 6.44% (502/7 797), 6.62% (516/7 797), 11.31% (882/7 797) and 23.83% (1 858/7 797), respectively. Dyslipidemia rate was lower in the junior school students (21.39% (675/3 156)) than in primary school students (25.96% (896/3 451)) and high-school students (24.12% (287/1 190)) (P<0.001). The dyslipidemia rates of boys and girls were similar (23.15% (971/4 194) vs. 24.62% (887/3 603), P>0.05). Dyslipidemia rate was lower in students with extracurricular physical activity than in students without extracurricular physical activity (22.50% (923/4 102) vs. 25.30% (935/3 695), P<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that extracurricular physical activity was associated with lower risk of dyslipidemia (OR=0.88, 95%CI=0.79-0.99, P=0.033). Among all types of extracurricular physical activities, participating in extracurricular large ball game was associated with 28% lower risk among junior school students (OR=0.72, 95%CI=0.57-0.91, P=0.006). Conclusion: The prevalence of dyslipidemia is high among primary, middle and high school students in Guangzhou. Extracurricular physical activity is associated with reduced risk of dyslipidemia in this cohort.

In vitro recognition of HIFU-induced biological tissue degeneration based on ultrasound / 中国医学影像技术

Objective: To explore a method to improve the identification rate of tissue degeneration caused by high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) based on ultrasound combining with generalized regression neural network (GRNN). Methods: Totally 300 fresh isolated pork tissue samples were selected and irradiated at different HIFU doses, then 150 denatured and 150 undenatured samples were obtained. Ultrasonic images of the samples were collected before and after irradiation, then ultrasonic subtraction images were obtained. A total of 18 characteristic parameters of ultrasonic subtractive images were extracted using gray-gradient co-occurrence matrix and gray difference statistical methods, and the best characteristic vectors were obtained with P-value significance detection method and Euclidean distance method. Among 300 samples, 198 were taken as training samples and 102 as test samples. After recognition of training samples, the feature vectors eliminated with P-value significance detection method and 2 feature vectors with the smallest Euclidean distance were taken as control group of the best feature vectors, and then were input into GRNN respectively for recognition of tissue denaturation. Correct recognition rate and total recognition rate of test samples were calculated using combining feature vectors with GRNN. Results: The best feature vectors were non-uniformity of gray distribution and non-uniformity of gradient distribution, and the total recognition rate was 90.20% and 91.18% combining with GRNN, respectively, which increased to 98.04% when both 2 best characteristic parameters combined GRNN. The feature vectors eliminated using P-value significance detection method were average value and contrast, and the total recognition rate combining with GRNN was 48.04% and 75.49%, respectively, which became 79.41% when both 2 best characteristic parameters combined GRNN. The feature vectors with the smallest euclide distance were energy and small gradient, and the total recognition rate combining with GRNN was 88.24% and 89.22%, respectively, which remained 89.22% when both 2 of them combined with GRNN. The recognition rate of the optimal feature vectors combined with GRNN for tissue denaturation was significantly higher than that of control group. Conclusion: Based on ultrasonic subtraction images, of pork tissue irradiated with HIFU, non-uniformity of gray distribution and non-uniformity of gradient distribution combined with GRNN can both improve the recognition rate of tissue denaturation, while the combination of them and GRNN is more effective in identifying tissue denaturation induced by HIFU.

Clinical Research Progress of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Treating High-normal Blood Pressure / 中国实验方剂学杂志

The incidence of high-normal blood pressure gradually increased. With the popularization of basic medical knowledge， the detection rate has increased. Without intervention， high-normal blood pressure is very likely converted into hypertension， and the risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases will continue to rise. Studies have shown that the blood lipids for detection of people with high-normal blood pressure， cytokines and other laboratory indicators have been changed， causing certain damage to target organs. Normal-high blood pressure people and high-blood pressure people also need to be given attention. Traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） believes that high-normal blood pressure has intermingled deficiency and excess， which is closely correlated to the liver， spleen and kidney. The syndrome is constantly changing and developing in the course of disease， which is affected by physical fitness， environment， age and other factors. With respect to treatment， conventional western medicine for lowering blood pressure has not yet been incorporated into the guidelines， and exercise， diet， and health education still play a major role. Studies have shown that the intervention methods with TCM characteristics are applied in addition to the improvement of lifestyle， so as to intervene in people with high-normal blood pressure， such as TCM， acupuncture， herbal tea， Baduanjin， with a significant clinical effect. These therapies can effectively reduce blood pressure， improve symptoms， regulate physique， and protect target organ damage， with a good compliance. With the advantages in preventing the disease， TCM is of far-reaching significance to prevent disease in advance， and transform high-normal blood pressure into ideal blood pressure. Based on the study on the intervention of high-normal blood pressure with TCM therapy， it was found that the sample size was small and the preciseness needed to be improved. Further research is needed due to the complicated mechanism of TCM and acupuncture. There is a lack of insufficient evidence to support the long-term efficacy and safety of TCM therapy because of the limitations in clinical study intervention and follow-up time. This article reviews the clinical research of the effect of TCM on high-normal blood pressure， in order to provide guidance and reference for clinical and subsequent research.

Effect of Arsenic Trioxide Combined with Dihydroartemisinin on THP-1 Cells Proliferation and Apoptosis / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To investigate the effects of arsenic trioxide combined with dihydroartemisinin on proliferation, cell cycle, and apoptosis of THP-1 cells, and explore the mechanism. Method:The thiazolyl blue （MTT） method was applied to detect the effect of different concentrations of arsenic trioxide, dihydroartemisinin and arsenic trioxide combined with dihydroartemisinin on the proliferation of THP-1 cells. Annexin V/propidium iodide（PI）assay was used to detect the change of THP-1 cell cycle and apoptosis．Western blot was performed to assess the expression of cysteine protease-3（Caspase-3）, cleaved Caspase-3, B-lymphocytoma-2（Bcl-2） and Bcl-2 associated X protein （Bax）. The changes of cell morphology were observed under high intension microscope. Result:Compared with blank group, arsenic trioxide and dihydroartemisinin both exhibited obvious antiproliferative effect on the human acute monocytic leukemia cell line THP-1 in time-dose dependence （P<0.01）. After 48 h, compared with the same dose of arsenic trioxide or that of dihydroartemisinin alone, the inhibition effect of 1 µmol·L-1 arsenic trioxide combined with 2 µmol·L-1 dihydroartemisinin on proliferation of THP-1 cells was significantly stronger （P<0.01）. Compared with the control group, arsenic trioxide combined with dihydroartemisinin significantly arrested the cells in G1 phase （P<0.01）, induced the downregulation of Caspase-3 and Bcl-2 （P<0.01） and upregulation of cleaved Caspase-3 significantly（P<0.05）. Conclusion:Arsenic trioxide combined with dihydroartemisinin can significantly inhibit the proliferation and induce apoptosis of THP-1 cells. The possible mechanism may be related to arrest the cells in G1 phase, reduce the expression of Caspase-3 and Bcl-2, increase the expression of cleaved Caspase-3.

Research Progress on Pharmacological Effect and Mechanism of Imperatorin / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Imperatorin, which is extracted from umbelliferous plants such as Radix Angelicae Dahuricae, Radix Saposhnikoviae and Fructus Cnidii, belongs to furanocoumarins and is especially rich in Radix Angelicae Dahuricae. Research has shown that imperatorin possesses functions of anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antibactrial, antiviral, antiallergic, anti-tumor, reverse drug resistance in tumor cells, interaction with drug metabolizing enzymes, affecting cardiovascular and nervous system effect. It is also one of the standard components in quality control of various analgesics. In recent years, research findings related to imperatorin is increasing fast. A number of patent applications have been approved for the application of imperatorin in the treatment of anti-tumor and cardiovascular diseases. In addition, since the water insolubility of imperatorin affects its bioavailability, most researchers have gradually attached importance to this aspect of research, such as modifying its structure or synthesizing its derivatives. The literatures on the pharmacological effects and mechanisms of imperatorin at home and abroad in recent years were consulted and summarized in this paper. Imperatorin was found not only to display other pharmacological effects like furanocoumarins but also could cure osteoporosis, skin diseases and show photosensitization. Moreover, the mechanism of its action has the effect of multi-pathway and multi-target, but most of the studies have not identified its targets, which still needs further study. Extensive and significant pharmacological effect make imperatorin show a great potential for development of new drugs. This paper reviews the basic properties, the progress on pharmacological effects and mechanisms of imperatorin, proposes the research status and direction of future reseach. Hopes to provide ideas for researchers and beneficial references for the future development and utilization of imperatorin.

Advances in research of protein kinase A in parasites: a review / 中国血吸虫病防治杂志

Protein kinase A (PKA) is an important intracellular substance that regulates substance metabolism and biological functions, which exerts a wide range of biological effects through phosphorylation of specific serine/threonine residues in specific proteins. PKA plays an important role in the cAMP signaling pathway, and is involved in various life activities of parasites. Therefore, investigating the role of PKA in the life activities of parasites may provide insights into the development of novel anti-parasitic targets. The review mainly describes the structure and function of PKA and its role in life activities of parasites.

The association of sedentary lifestyles with cardiometabolic risk factors in children in Guangzhou / 中华疾病控制杂志

Objective To evaluate sedentary lifestyles after school in children aged 7 to 12 year-old living in Guangzhou, and to explore the association between sedentary behaviors after school with cardiometabolic risk factors. Methods Using the method of stratified cluster random sampling, this study recruited 7 to 12 year-old primary students (n=4 294) in Guangzhou. The physical examination and questionnaire were used to collect the sedentary lifestyles after school and cardiometabolic risk factors, analyzing the impact of different aedentary behavoir time after school on cardiometabolic risk factors. Results The average sedentary time after school per day were 194.3 min (boys: 200.3 min; girls: 187.3 min). Inter-quartile ranges of sedentary time after school per day were ≤130.0, 131.0-180.0, 181.0-240.0, and ≥241.0 min/d. Controlling for confounding factors, the odd ratios (OR) of central obesity, overweight/obesity, high TC status, high TG status and high LDL-C status in the highest compared to the lowest quartile of sedentary time after school per day were 1.39 (95%CI:1.08-1.80), 1.44 (95%CI:1.16-1.80), 1.26(95%CI:1.05-1.51), 1.63(95%CI:1.34-1.98), 1.28(95%CI:1.06-1.55), respectively. Conclusions Sedentary lifestyles have a positive relationship with childhood central obesity, overweight/obesity and dyslipidemia in primary school children. Therefore, it is essential to strengthen the intervention to the lifestyles of teenagers and reduce the sedentary behavior time of children and teenagers.

The comparison of hypertension prevalence among children based on different references of hypertension / 中华疾病控制杂志

Objective To compare the differences in the hypertension prevalence among children aged 7-12 in Guangzhou based on different references of hypertension. Methods A total of 7698 children aged 7-12 years old in Guangzhou were recruited by stratified cluster random sampling method. Demographic information such as gender and age was collected by questionnaire. Children’s height, weight, and blood pressure were objectively measured. There were five references for diagnosing children’s hypertension: Mi 2010, Mi 2017, Ma 2017, America 2004, and America 2017 reference. Results Based on the references above, the prevalence of hypertension for children aged 7-12 in Guangzhou reached a very high level. The prevalence of hypertension, high systolic blood pressure (SBP) and high diastolic blood pressure (DBP) based on Mi 2017 reference were all higher than those based on Mi 2010 reference, but both of them were distinctly higher than Ma 2017 reference. Compared with Mi 2010 reference, the agreement of diagnosis of high SBP and high DBP were both higher for Mi 2017 than those for Ma 2017. The agreement of high SBP was higher between Mi 2017 and America 2017 than that between Ma 2017 and America 2017 (Kappa: 0.846 vs. 0.727). Conclusion The prevalence of hypertension in children aged 7-12 in Guangzhou reachs a very high level. The prevalence of hypertension based on Mi 2017 reference is the highest and follows with America 2017 reference, and the agreement between them is excellent. Compared with Mi 2010 or America 2017 reference, the agreement for Ma 2017 is lower than that for Mi 2017 reference, respectively.

Effect of mindfulness meditation on brain-computer interface: fMRI perspective

@#This study observed the functional changes in brain activity while performing real and imagery movement using functional MRI (fMRI); and to compare the fMRI changes of motor imagery before and after mindfulness meditation (MM) training for correlation with actual brain computer interface (BCI) performance. Thirty-eight participants completed a randomized control trial consisting of 2 groups (MM and non-intervention control groups) to study the effect of MM on BCI performance. The MM group participated in a 4-week MM intervention programme. Out of the 38 cohorts, five participants from the MM group and five from the control group were fMRI scanned for real and imagery movement of right hand, left hand and both feet, before and after intervention. Statistical parametric mapping was used for post processing and analysis of fMRI data. The MM group showed a significant improvement in BCI performance compared to the control group. The fMRI results showed activation of right hand, left hand and both feet motor imagery at fronto-parietal regions before MM training (p <0.05, family wise error). After MM training, the fMRI results revealed a focused activation in 3 out of 4 of the trained subjects during right hand motor imagery, 2 out of 4 of the trained subjects during both feet motor imagery and 1 out of 4 of the trained subjects during left hand motor imagery, compared to the control group. This is also correlated with the improvement of BCI accuracy of the intervention group after MM training. Mindfulness meditation improves BCI performance and is correlated with focused activation of the fronto-parietal region in fMRI during motor imagery.

Preliminary study on antibacterial activity of artemisinin and its derivatives / 中国中药杂志

In this study,in order to detect the antimicrobial activity of artemisinin and its derivatives artesunate and dihydroartemisinin,two methods including broth dilution and plate punching method were used to detect the antibacterial activity against gram-negative bacteria(Escherichia coli)and gram-positive bacteria(Staphylococcus aureus)of artemisinin,dihydroartemisinin and artesunate at various concentrations within 5 mmol·L~(-1)and at four time points(8,16,24,32 h).Two antibacterial positive drugs,streptomycin against E.coli and penicillin against S.aureus,were used as positive controls.Plate punching method showed that,unlike the results of 5 mmol·L~(-1)dihydroartemisinin or artesunate,no inhibition zone was detected at the same concentration of artemisinin after 24 h-treatment against E.coli.Broth dilution method showed that,the antibacterial activity of dihydroartemisinin against E.coli.was stronger than those of both artesunate and artemisinin;IC_(50)at24 h-treatment was 155.9μmol·L~(-1)for dihydroartemisinin,370.0μmol·L~(-1)for artesunate and none for artemisinin.Interestingly,dihydroartemisinin and artesunate showed the strongest antibacterial activity between 16-24 h,while artemisinin showed relatively stronger antibacterial activity between 8-16 h.Dihydroartermisinin showed no antibacterial activity against S.aureus.Above all,the antibacterial activity of artemisinins against E.coli is dihydroartemisinin>artesunate>artemisinin.Artemisinin and its derivatives have showed different antibacterial kinetics,and no antibacterial activity against S.aureus.has been detected with dihydroartemisinin.

Effect and Mechanism of Dihydroartemisinin on Rheumatoid Arthritis Animal Models / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To study the protective effect of dihydroartemisinin (DHA) on adjuvant-induced arthritis (AIA) and collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) in rats, in order to explore its possible mechanism. Method:Wistar rats were randomly divided into eight groups, namely AIA control group, AIA model group, AIA DHA group and AIA methotrexate group, CIA control group, CIA model group, CIA DHA group and CIA methotrexate group. To establish adjuvant-induced arthritis (AIA) model, rheumatoid arthritis rats were induced through intradermal injection with 0.1 mL Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA) into right postpedes except for the control group. To establish the model of collagen-induced arthritis (CIA), except for control group, the caudal root of rats was immunized subcutaneously with 0.2 mL of emulsion containing 1 g·L-1 of Collagen type Ⅱ (CⅡ). One week later, CⅡ emulsion was injected for the second time. After the rheumatoid arthritis model was successfully established and the administration with DHA (30 mg·kg-1·d-1), the anti-inflammatory effect of DHA on AIA/CIA rats was observed, including the arthritis index (AI), paw swelling degree and effect of DHA on immune organ index of AIA/CIA rats. Interleukin (IL)-6 levels in serum was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and pathological sections of ankle joints of AIA/CIA rats. RAW264.7 macrophage cells were cultured in vitro and treated with DHA at various doses (0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, 16 μmol·L-1) for 24 h, and the cell viability was detected by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium(MTT) assay. Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) group, LPS+DHA groups (0.5, 1, 2 μmol·L-1) and control group were established. The level of IL-6 was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA). The protein expression levels of nuclear transcription factor-κB p65 (NF-κB p65) was tested by Western blot. Result:Compared with control group, the paw swelling, AI, spleen index and IL-6 levels of model group were significantly increased (PPPPPPPP-1) groups had a remarkable effect on the cell viability (PP-1. The level of IL-6 and the protein expression of NF-κB p65 in LPS group were higher than those of control group. Compared with LPS group, DHA (0.5 μmol·L-1) groups could significantly reduce the secretion of IL-6 (PκB p65. Conclusion:DHA can alleviate the ankle joint lesion on rheumatoid arthritis rats. Its mechanism may be related to NF-κB signal pathway.

A real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR method for source identification of Crocus sativus and Carthamus tinctorius / 中国中药杂志

The specific PCR primer was designed base on ITS2 sequence in GenBank, and we developed a SYBRGreen real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR system for identification of Crocus sativus and Carthamus tinctorius source. Compared with Chinese herbal medicine DNA barcode technique, this method showed characteristics of shorter time, higher specificity and sensitivity. Using this method to detect 15 samples, 4 were C. sativus, 8 were C. tinctorius, and the other 3 samples were none of them. The result was in accordance with Chinese herbal medicine DNA barcode. This study lays the foundation for identification of related Chinese medical materials.