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The objective research conclusions drawn from standardized clinical studies are important evidential basis for the formulation of consensus guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of various diseases. In order to further improve the level of clinical research work and evidence quality, provide patients with more scientific treatment decision-making opinions, the author investigate the following aspects which should be paid attention to in the clinical study of biliary tract diseases including defining the evaluation system and quality standards evidence-based criteria for clinical studies, setting long-term research goals, strengthening the real-world research,"three elements"of surgical clinical research (surgical quality, pathological analysis and follow-up), and the database construction; emphasizing the significance and implementation of quantitative analysis research, the registration system and standardized clinical research.
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Objective:To explore the role and mechanism of long non-coding RNA KCNQ1 overlapping transcript 1 (LncRNA KCNQ1OT1) in the migration, proliferation and invasion of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).Methods:The experimental method was conducted. The expression levels of LncRNA KCNQ1OT1 in HCC tissues and normal liver tissues in the StarBase database were collected. The experimental methods including real-time quantitative PCR, cell transfection, scratch assay, CCK8 assay, Transwell assay, Western blot were used to determine the expression, migration, proliferation, invasion of LncRNA KCNQ1OT1 in HCC cells and its relationship with phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/phosphorylated AKT Protein (PI3K /p-AKT) signaling pathways. Observation indicators: (1) expression of LncRNA KCNQ1OT1 in HCC tissues and normal liver tissues; (2) the migration of HepG2, SMCC-7721 and MHCC-97H HCC cells after LncRNA KCNQ1OT1 gene knockdown; (3) the proliferation and invasion of HepG2, SMCC-7721 and MHCC-97H HCC cells after LncRNA KCNQ1OT1 gene knockdown; (4) effects of LncRNA KCNQ1OT1 gene knockdown on PI3K/p-AKT signaling pathways. Measurement data with normal distribution were expressed as Mean± SD, and comparison between groups was analyzed using the t test. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to calculate survival rates and draw survival curves. Results:(1) Expression of LncRNA KCNQ1OT1 in HCC tissues and normal liver tissues. The expression levels of LncRNA KCNQ1OT1 in 374 HCC tissues and 50 normal liver tissues from StarBase database were 3.320±0.017 and 1.470±0.025, respectively, showing a significant difference ( t=5.24, P<0.05). Results of gene expression profile interactive analysis showed that the 30-month disease-free survival rates of HCC patients with high and low expression levels of LncRNA KCNQ1OT1 were 41% and 55%, respectively, with a significant difference ( χ2=6.209, P<0.05). The relative expression of LncRNA KCNQ1OT1 in HepG2, SMCC-7721and MHCC-97H cells were 1.470±0.042, 3.300±0.032, 4.040±0.031, respectively, versus 1.000±0.022 in normal liver cells (LO2), showing significant differences ( t=17.66, 95.40, 114.20, P<0.05). (2) The migration of HepG2, SMCC-7721 and MHCC-97H HCC cells after LncRNA KCNQ1OT1 gene knockdown. ① Results of cell transfection showed that the relative expression levels of LncRNA KCNQ1OT1 in HepG2, SMCC-7721 and MHCC-97H cells after LncRNA KCNQ1OT1 gene knockdown were 0.350±0.016, 0.310±0.020, 0.380±0.018, respectively, versus 1.000±0.021, 1.000±0.018, 1.000±0.019 in the negative control cells, showing significant differences ( t=23.40, 28.15, 22.32, P<0.05). ② Results of scratch assay showed that the healing rates of HepG2, SMCC-7721, MHCC-97H cells after LncRNA KCNQ1OT1 gene knockdown were 85.0%±1.9%, 75.0%±1.8%, 90.0%±1.7%, respectively, versus 100.0%±2.0%, 95.0%±1.8%, 72.0%±1.7% of the negative control cells, showing significant differences ( t=31.35, 47.36, 38.42, P<0.05). ③ Results of Transwell assay showed that the vertical migration rates of HepG2, SMCC-7721, MHCC-97H cells after LncRNA KCNQ1OT1 gene knockdown were 195±10, 205±12, 85±8, respectively, versus 520±11, 430±7, 405±20 of the negative control cells, showing significant differences between them ( t=922.30, 458.20, 708.40, P<0.05). (3) The proliferation and invasion of HepG2, SMCC-7721 and MHCC-97H HCC cells after LncRNA KCNQ1OT1 gene knockdown. ① Results of CCK8 assay showed that 72-hour optical densities of HepG2, SMCC-7721, MHCC-97H cells after LncRNA KCNQ1OT1 gene knockdown were 1.370±0.018, 1.240±0.016, 1.360±0.020, respectively, versus 0.900±0.023, 1.740±0.032, 1.230±0.025 of the negative control cells, with significant differences ( t=10.79, 12.00, 7.56, P<0.05). ② Results of Transwell assay showed that the invasion numbers of HepG2, SMCC-7721, MHCC-97H cells after LncRNA KCNQ1OT1 gene knockdown were 186±12, 155±7, 75±9, respectively, versus 505±1, 245±8, 300±15 of the negative control cells, showing significant differences ( t=955.90, 163.40, 530.90, P<0.05). (4) Effects of LncRNA KCNQ1OT1 gene knockdown on PI3K/p-AKT signaling pathways. Resluts of Western blot showed that the relative repression levels of PI3K in HepG2, SMCC-7721, MHCC-97H cells after LncRNA KCNQ1OT1 gene knockdown were 0.447±0.009, 0.430±0.012, 0.354±0.006, respectively, versus 0.820±0.017, 0.850±0.012, 0.531±0.001 of the negative control cells, showing significant differences ( t=18.94, 25.72, 27.46, P<0.05). The relative repression levels of p-AKT in HepG2, SMCC-7721, MHCC-97H cells after LncRNA KCNQ1OT1 gene knockdown were 0.343±0.015, 0.410±0.012, 0.579±0.006, respectively, versus 0.546±0.012, 0.620±0.012, 0.830±0.012 of the negative control cells, showing significant differences ( t=10.78, 12.86, 19.02, P<0.05). Conclusions:LncRNA KCNQ1OT1 plays an important role in the occurrence and development of HCC. LncRNA KCNQ1OT1 gene knockdown can inhibit the PI3K/AKT signaling pathways, so it can significantly inhibit the proliferation, migration and invasion of HCC cells.
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Since the outbreak of Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in December 2019, the number of new confirmed cases in Wuhan has been increasing, and medical resources are in short supply. Under this grim situation, makeshift hospitals have been used to treat patients with mild symptoms and achieved the largest capacity. Under the model of concentrated admission in makeshift hospitals with limited medical resources, the frontline surgeons adopt strict disease observation and treatment strategies, actively carry out psychological counseling for patients, and organize multidisci-plinary teams to deal with chronic and emergency surgical diseases of patients with COVID-19. Combined with their own clinical practices, the authors summarize a series of clinical experiences for the treatment of patients with COVID-19.
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Gallstone is a common and multiple benign disease,that has become an important public health problem.Focusing on the recent dispute about cholelithotomy or cholecystectomy and analysis of recent literatures,the author put forward to grasp the treatment principles performed by academician Huang Zhiqiang and discuss the crucial problems of treatment strategy about benign gallbladder disease from the following four aspects:(1) The key point of Cholelithotomy is to protect the gallbladder,not only to preserve the gallbladder.(2) The training,guidance and practice of clinical research on benign gallbladder diseases such as gallstones need to be further standardized.(3)The operation of gallstones is relatively easy while the and patients' prognosis is relatively complex.The choice of surgical indications is very important,and both of over treatment and inadequate treatment should be emphasized.(4) The epidemiological investigation and prevention of gallstones need to be strengthened.
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Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinomas (ICCA) are primary intrahepatic malignancies originating from biliary epithelia.While both hepatocellular cancer and ICCA can present as mass lesions within the liver,these cancers are distinct in their morphology,etiology,pathology,natural history and response to therapy.There is a need for accurate and sensitive molecular markers for the diagnosis of ICCA.Recent advances in elucidating molecular and genetic characteristics of ICCA offer the potential of molecular-based diagnosis of ICCA.Specific genetic mutations of IDH1/2,BAP1,p53,and KRAS,FGFR gene fusions and alterations in microRNA have all been described in ICCA.Although there are no accurate serum or biliary biomarkers currently available for diagnosis of ICCA,several potential candidates have been identified.Knowledge of specific genetic or molecular abnormalities offers potential for individualized approaches for the treatment of patients with ICCA in the future.
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Huang Zhiqiang,the academician of Chinese Academy of Engineering,is the father of biliary tract surgery beloved by the vast number of medical workers in China.He not only has made outstanding contributions to hepatobiliary surgery in China and possess noble medical esthic,but also the Publicity Department of the Central Committee awarded the honorable title of model in the era to him.In this article,through the study of the important works of academician Huang Zhiqiang,there was an in-depth understanding of the concept of the core essence and the fundamental goal in the new era of surgery the academician Huang Zhiqiang advocated should bepeople-oriented,medicine with reduced damage.And in this era of rapid development of bioinformatics,the cultivation of surgeons should pay more attention to help doctors to establish the idea that the interests of patients is the best interests and to in-depth first-line clinical work,make unremitting efforts to carry out clinical research,master the basic and modem knowledges,cultivate team work spirit,lay the foundation in everything.The immortal Zhiqiang spirit will always guide us forward.
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Hepatolithiasis is a common bile duct disease in China.Chinese scholars in the biliary tract surgery field earnestly comply with the famous twelve-word policy of obstruction clearance,lesion removal and free drainagewhich was put forward by academician Huang Zhiqiang,meanwhile,persist in doing the clinical and basic researches on the pathogenesis,pathology,pathophysiological characteristics and strategies of surgical treatment for decades.Diagnosis and Treatment Guidelines of Hepatolithiasis (2007 edition) and Expert Consensus of Laparoscopic Treatment of Hepatolithiasis (2013 edition) are highest standardization literatures about the diagnosis and treatment of hepatolithiasis at present and in the future.In the 21st century,Chinese scholars in the biliary tract surgery field will make full use of minimally invasive techniques,biotechnology,information technology and other advanced technologies under the guidance of the precise surgery concept to constantly improve the treatment of hepatolithiasis as well as bring well-being to the people.
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The rapid development of bacterial resistance is a serious threat to the patients' life and health,and it's also a focus in the field of anti-infection in the world.Surgeons should pay special attention to the antibiotic resistance in highrisk patients.Many subjective and objective factors caused antibiotic resistance,including increase of conditional pathogenic bacteria due to the dysfunction of barrier of digestive tract; enhancement of virulence of bacteria and susceptibility of patients owing to dysfunctional and low immunity; increased risk of antibiotic resistance because of application of various medical and nursing measures for severe patients (especially patients in ICU) ; unreasonable application of antibiotics due to insufficient knowledge of the medical staff and the concern of disease severity.In order to prevent the prevalence of antibiotic resistance,scientific and medical treatment under a variety of provisions should be adopted to prevent the abuse of antibiotics; safeguard the gastrointestinal barrier and immune function of patients; use fine operation,drainage and other specialized technology and timely detect the pathogenic bacteria and give targeted therapy; aseptic manipulation of medical and nursing technology should be applied.
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Objective To observe the effects of silencing IGF-1 receptor on the expression of Caspase12 , a endoplasmic reticulum specificity apoptosis protein of the peroxidation damage in L02 cells. Methods Four the recombined plasmids expressing short hairpin RNA (shRNA) specific for sileincing IGF-1R gene were constructed and these shRNAs were potentially targeted on different mRNA sequences of the IGF-1 receptor gene (Sh-H-IG1R- 1108, Sh-H-IGF1R-2797, Sh-H-IGF1R-3215 and Sh-H-IGF1R-3787). These constructs were classed as the experimental group. Another two constructs containing an irrespective sequence and no sequence were defined as a positive control group a negative control group , respectively. All these constructs were transfected into the L02 cells by Lipefectamine 2000. The interference effect was detected by RT-PCR after 24 h and the plasmid stably silencing the expression of IGF-1 receptor was selected for further analysis which was divided into four groups: the blank control group(Group A), the peroxidation damage group(Group B), the negative plasmid transfection group (Group C) and the positive plasmid transfection group (Group D). The expression of Caspase12 was detected by Westen Blot after 12 h. Results The amplification folds of experimental groups were statistically significantly lower than those of the Sh-H-IGF1R-V1 group and Sh-H-IGF1R-V2 group (P 0.05). The Caspase12 expression in Group D was higher than that in Group B and C (P < 0.01). Conclusion (1) Of all the four constructs in this study, Sh-H-IGF1R-3787 is the most suitable for silencing IGF-1 receptor. (2) Silencing IGF 1R expression using shRNA plasmids can aggravate the L02 cells apoptosis, suggesting that the IGF-1/IGF 1R signal pathway might be involved in regulating the activation of apoptosis in L02 cells with peroxidation damag via endoplasmic reticulum stress.
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Objective To systematically review the efficacy of glutamine enriched nutrition support for patients with severe acute pancreatitis (SAP).Methods Database including PubMed,Embase,HighWire,Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials,Wanfang Database,CJFD and CBM were searched with glutamine,severe acute pancreatitis,SAP,谷氨酰胺,重症急性胰腺炎.Literatures published before March 2014 were searched.Randomized controlled trials containing the comparison of conventional treatment and glutamine enriched nutrition support were enrolled in the study,and then the literatures were screened and the data were extracted by 2 independent reviewers.The quality of the literatures was assessed,and the data were analyzed using the RevMan 5.2 software.SAP was diagnosed according to The revised Atlanta classificantion for acute pancreatitis or guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of SAP which was composed by the pancreatic surgery Branch of Chinese Medical Association.The count data were analyzed using the relative risk (RR) and 95％ confidence interval (95％ CI),and the measurement data were analyzed using standard mean difference (SMD) and 95 ％ CI.The heterogeneity of the data was analyzed using the I2 test.Results Ten literatures including 433 cases were enrolled in the study,and all of them were prospective randomized controlled studies.There were 218 patients treated by conventional methods (control group) and 215 patients received glutamine enriched nutrition support (experimental group).Compared with the control group,glutamine enriched nutrition support could elevate the albumin level,decrease the C-reaction protein level and shorten the hospital stay in the experimental group (SMD=1.00,-0.93,-0.71,95％CI:0.50-1.50,-1.25--0.61,-1.10--0.32,P＜0.05),glutamine enriched nutrition support could decrease the morbidity and mortality (RR =0.56,0.34,95％ CI:0.41-0.77,0.15-0.76,P ＜ 0.05) without increasing the expenses (SMD =0.03,95％ CI:-0.88-0.95,P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion Glutamine enriched nutrition support is superior to conventional methods for the treatment of SAP.
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Objective To study the changes of gastrointestinal hormones before and after hepatic ischemia reperfusion and the role of salvia miltiorrhiza pretreatment.Methods The clinical data of 32 patients with hepatic diseases who were admitted to the Wuhan General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Area of PLA from May 2010 to May 2012 were prospectively analyzed.Thirty-two patients with hepatic inflow occlusion were randomly divided into the ischemia reperfusion group (IR group,15 patients) and salvia miltiorrhiza pretreatment group (SM group,17 patients).Patients in the IR group and SM group received partial hepatectomy with hepatic inflow occlusion by Pringle maneuver for 15-20 minutes.Patients in the IR group and SM group were injected with normal saline and salvia miltiorrhiza (30 mL/d) by intravenous drip for 3 days before operation,respectively.Twelve patients with hepatic diseases who received open surgery without block of hepatic inflow occlusion were enrolled in the negative control group (SO group) and 5 healthy volunteers were enrolled in the normal control group (CO group).The changes of the motilin,cholecystokinin,vasoactive intestinal peptide and secretin of the 4 groups were recorded.All data were analyzed using the analysis of variance or LSD-t test.Results The level of motilin of the CO group was (347 ± 14)μg/L.The levels of motilin of the SO group,IR group,and SM group at postoperative 24,48 and 72 hours were (324 ± 13) μg/L,(345 ± 12)μg/L,(345 ± 13)μg/L,(307 ± 10)μg/L,(316 ±9)μg/L,(338 ±13) μg/L,(313 ± 7) μg/L,(337 ± 12) μg/L and (345 ± 12) μg/L,respectively.The level of motilin of the SO group at postoperative 24 hours was significantly lower than that of the CO group (t =5.25,P ＜ 0.05) ; the levels of motilin of the IR group at postoperative 24,48 and 72 hours were significantly lower than those of the SO group (t =10.05,8.09,2.07,P ＜0.05) ; the levels of motilin of the SM group at postoperative 24 and 48 hours were significantly lower than those of the SO group (t =9.83,2.28,P ＜ 0.05),while there was no significant difference in the level of motilin between the SM group and the SO group at postoperative 72 hours (t =0.36,P ＞0.05) ;the levels of motilin of the SM group at postoperative 24,48 and 72 hours were significantly higher than those of the IR group (t =3.80,7.10,2.35,P＜0.05).The levels of cholecystokinin of the CO group was (2.53±0.06)μg/L.The levels of cholecystokinin of the SO group,IR group and SM group at postoperative 24 hours were (3.28 ±0.09) μg/L,(2.52 ±0.09) μg/L,(2.54 ±0.16)μg/L,(4.34 ±0.21) μg/L,(3.63 ±0.31)μg/L,(3.25 ± 0.09) μg/L,(3.71 ±0.28)μg/L,(3.28±0.11)μg/L and (2.53 ±0.09)μg/L,respectively.The level of cholecystokinin of the SO group at postoperative 24 hours was significantly higher than that of the CO group (t =4.33,P ＜ 0.05) ; the levels of cholecystokinin of the IR group at postoperative 24,48and 72 hours were significantly higher than those of the SO group (t =9.32,5.37,2.16,P＜0.05) ; the levels of cholecystokinin of the SM group at postoperative 24 and 48 hours were significantly higher than those of the SO group (t =7.21,3.42,P ＜ 0.05),while there was no significant difference in the level of cholecystokinin between the SM group and the SO group at postoperative 72 hours (t =0.29,P ＞ 0.05) ; the levels of cholecystokinin of the SM group at postoperative 24,48 and 72 hours were significantly higher than those of the IR group (t =5.62,4.63,3.57,P ＜ 0.05).The level of vasoactive intestinal peptide of the CO group was (11.8 ±1.6) tμg/L.The levels of vasoactive intestinal peptide of the SO group,IR group,and SM group at postoperative 24,48 and 72 hours were (21.5 ± 3.8) μg/L,(12.2 ± 1.6) μg/L,(11.9 ± 1.7) μg,/L,(29.7 ± 4.1) μg/L,(22.9±4.2)μg/L,(18.8±2.8)μg/L,(22.4 ±4.1)μg/L,(16.4±2.3)μg/L and (12.1 ±1.6)μg/L,respectively.The level of vasoactive intestinal peptide of the SO group at postoperative 24 hours was significantly higher than that of the CO group (t =3.59,P ＜ 0.05) ; the levels of vasoactive intestinal peptide of the IR group at postoperative 24,48 and 72 hours were significantly higher than those of the SO group (t =6.35,3.22,2.36,P ＜ 0.05) ; the levels of vasoactive intestinal peptide of the SM group at postoperative 24 and 48 hours were significantly higher than those of the SO group (t =5.04,2.33,P ＜ 0.05),while there was no significant difference in the level of vasoactive intestinal peptide between the SM group and the SO group at postoperative 72 hours (t =0.18,P ＞ 0.05) ;the levels of vasoactive intestinal peptide of the SM group at postoperative 24,48and 72 hours were significantly lower than those of the IR group (t =4.27,3.87,2.45,P ＜ 0.05).The level of secretin of the CO group was (75 ± 5) μg/L.The levels of secretin of the SO group,IR group and SM group at postoperative 24,48 and 72 hours were (98 ± 6) μg/L,(76 ± 4) μg/L,(76 ± 4) μg/L,(129 ± 6) μg/L,(102 ±8) μg/L,(89 ± 6) μg/L,(104 ± 8) μg/L,(90 ± 6) μg/L and (74 ± 4) μg/L,respectively.The level of secretin of the SO group at postoperative 24 hours was significantly higher than that of the CO group (t =3.27,P ＜ 0.05) ;the levels of secretin of the IR group at postoperative 24,48 and 72 hours were significantly higher than those of the SO group (t =5.20,2.94,1.77,P ＜ 0.05) ; the level of secretin of SM group at postoperative 24 and 48 hours were significantly higher than those of the SO group (t =4.16,2.54,P＜0.05),while there was no significant difference in the level of secretin between the SM group and the SO group at postoperative 72 hours (t =0.23,P ＞ 0.05) ; the levels of secretin of the SM group at postoperative 24,48 and 72 hours were significantly lower than those of the IR group (t =5.13,4.32,2.87,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Gastrointestinal congestion caused by hepatic blocking leads to the decline of the expression of motilin,but the increase of the expression of cholecystokinin,vasoactive intestinal peptide,secretin.Salvia miltiorrhiza may improve micro-circulation,abate gastrointestinal adema,and influence the gastrointestinal hormone expression in an indirect way.
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Ischemic reperfusion is the common mechanism of some chronic diseases such as type 2 diabetes,coronary heart disease,hypertension,and so on.Previous studies of insulin resistance is mainly focused on the relationships of these chronics,while now,in recent years,the research between the insulin resistance and ischemic reperfusion has gradually become one of the new and hot points,closely related to the patient's prognosis.In this paper,we will review the insulin resistance and ischemic reperfusion according to the reported literature review.
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Objective To investigate the influences of Radix salvia miltiorrhiza (RSM) preconditioning on the expressions of phosphorylated eukaryotic initiation factor 2α (p-eIF-2ot) and caspase12 in hepatic ischemia reperfusion in rats.Methods Eighty Wistar rats were randomly divided into the control group (5 rats),sham operation group (25 rats),ischemia reperfusion (IR) group (25 rats) and RSM pretreated group (25 rats).Rats in the sham operation group,IR group and RSM pretreated group were subdivided into 5 groups at different time intervals (0,3,12,24 and 72 hours).Mter midline laparotomy,all structures in the hepatic portal were clamped for 45 minutes followed by different periods of reperfusion.Rats in the control group did not receive any treatment; rats in the sham operation group only received anatomy of the hepatic portal without clamping; rats in the RSM pretreated group received RSM by intravenous injection 30 minutes before ischemia at a dose of 6 ml/kg.Rats in the sham operation group and the IR group received a dose of normal saline as RSM pretreated group.The protein expressions of p-eIF-2α and caspase12 in the hepatic tissues of each group were detected by the Western blot,and the pathological changes of hepatic tissues in each group were detected by hematoxylin and eosin staining.All data were analyzed using the analysis of variance,LSD test or Games-Howell method.Results The relative expression of p-eIF-2α in the control group was 0.296 ± 0.038,and the relative expressions of p-eIF-2α in the sham operation group at different time points were 0.304 ± 0.048,0.298 ± 0.038,0.272 ± 0.042,0.266 ± 0.076 and 0.296 ± 0.043,with no significant difference between the 2 groups (P ＞ 0.05).The relative expression of p-eIF-2α in the IR group at 0 hour was 0.310 ± 0.034,which had no significant difference compared with the control group and the sham operation group (F =0.15,P ＞0.05).The relative expressions of p-eIF-2α in the IR group at 3,12,24 hours were 0.386 ± 0.021,0.710 ± 0.034,0.474 ± 0.017,which had no significant difference compared with the control group and the sham operation group (F =11.90,211.52,25.15,P ＜ 0.05).The relative expression of p-eIF-2α in the IR group at 72 hours was 0.336 ± 0.043,which was back to the level of the control group and the sham operation group (F =1.57,P ＞ 0.05).The relative expressions of p-eIF-2α in the RSM pretreated group at different time intervals were 0.278 ± 0.044,0.800 ± 0.079,1.056 ± 0.125,0.736 ±0.087 and 0.442 ± 0.047,which were significantly lower than the group at 3,12,24,72 hours (P ＜ 0.05).The relative expression of caspase12 in the control group was 0.983 ± 0.003,and the relative expressions of caspase12 in the sham operation group at different time intervals were 0.974 ± 0.004,0.983 ± 0.005,0.985 ± 0.003,0.981 ± 0.004 and 0.978 ± 0.004,with no significant difference between the 2 groups (P ＞ 0.05).The relative expression of caspase12 in the IR group at 0 hour was increased to 1.018 ± 0.076,while it had no significant difference compared with the control group and the sham operation group (F =1.43,P ＞ 0.05).The relative expressions of caspase12 in the IR group began to rise at 3 hours (2.056 ±0.067),and peaked at the 12 hours (2.804 ± 0.050),still at a relative higher level at 24 hours (1.882 ± 0.037),and began to decrease at 72 hours (1.282 ± 0.066),it had significant difference compared with the control group and the sham operation group (F=1290.69,6490.84,2898.71,103.61,P ＜ 0.05).The relative expressions of caspase12 in the RSM pretreated group at different time intervals were 0.998 ± 0.056,1.442 ± 0.066,1.990 ± 0.068,1.364 ± 0.056and 0.962 ±0.054.The relative expressions of caspase12 in the RSM pretreated group at 3,12,24,72 hours were significantly lower than the IR group (P ＜ 0.05).The results of pathomorphological examination showed that the hepatic lobules were integrated and the nucleuses were large and round in the control group an d the sham operation group; deformation of the hepatic lobule,smaller cell volume,nuclear condensation and necrosis were observed in the IR group; cell swelling and slight spotty necrosis were detected in the RSM pretreated group.Conclusions RSM could protect liver from damages during IR through up-regulating the expression of p-eIF-2α,reducing the apoptosis induced by endoplasmic reticulum stress.
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Objective To investigate the relationship between sonic hedgehog(SHH)signaling pathway and chronic pancreatitis.Methods Thirty Wistar rats were randomly divided into the model group,experimental control group and blank control group,and there were 10 rats in each group.Trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid was infused into the pancreatic duct of the rats to induce pancreatitis in the model group.The pancreatic duct of the rats in the experimental control group were infused with 0.9％ sodium chloride solution.No treatment was performed on rats in the blank control group.The serum levels of bilirubin and amylase of the 3 groups were determined,and the histopathological alterations were studied.Expressions of patched-1(PTCH-1),smoothened (SMO)and SHH were detected by immunohistochemistry.All data were analyzed using the analysis of variance or Student's t test.Results The levels of total bilirubin(TBil)in the model group,experimental control group and blank control group from day 1 to day 35 were(3.17 ±0.21)μmol/L-(9.28 ±2.15)μmol/L,(3.44 ±0.54)μmol/L-(3.76 ± 0.15)μmol/L,(2.45 ± 0.32)μmol/L-(3.27 ± 1.43)μmol/L,respectively.The levels of amylase in the model group,experimental control group and blank control group were(1124 ± 143)U/L-(1522 ± 169)U/L,(1123 ± 104)U/L-(1007 ± 141)U/L,(1014 ± 115)U/L-(1013 ± 142)U/L,respectively.Compared with the experimental group and the blank control group,the serum levels of TBil and amylase in the model group were increased significantly from day 7 to day 35(F =14.81,16.27,18.13,11.49,17.91;11.54,10.24,12.64,21.11,15.38,P ＜ 0.05),and fibrotic proliferation of pancreatic tissues were found at day 35;the expressions of PTCH-1,SMO and SHH in the pancreatic tissue was increased significantly in the model group.Conclusion SHH signaling pathway is activated in the tissue of pancreatitis in rats,it might play an important role in the genesis of pancreatitis.
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Early growth response gene-1 is an immediate early response gene,a transcription factor which includ three zinc finger-like domains.Recentl studies demonstrate that early growth response gene-1 is involved in regulating cell cycle,proliferation and differentiation,and plays a critical role in injuring and repairing.Early growth response gene- 1 induces Target genes,and promotes extracellular environmental signal( such as oxygen deficit,oxidative stress,mechanical injury and cytokine)link with the complex biological responses.Intensive study to early growth respnse gene-1 will contribute to further illustrate the mechanism of the ischemia-reperfusion injury.This article summarizes from protein structure,signal transduction,biological functions and the relationship with ischemia- reperfusion injury.
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Objective To study the excitability gastrointestinal hormone MTL and inhibitory gastrointestinal hormone SEC expression in the intestinal congestion and the effects of Salvia miltior-rhiza pretreatment at different time limits in 45min of rat hepatic ischemia-reperfusion to explore its possible mechanism and significance. Methods 80 rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: normal control group(CO group), sham-operated group(SO group), injury group(IR group), salvia miltior-rhiza pretreatment group(SM group). Non-invasive artery clamp was used to clip then slacken the he-patic pedicle to produce animal model of ischemia-reperfusion. The clamp time was 45 min. The rats in Salvia miltiorrhiza pretreatment group were injected 40 ml/kg saline with 6 g/kg Salvia Miltiorrhiza from caudal vein 30 min before clamping hepatic pedicle. While in the sham-operated group, the porta hepatis was dissected after laparotomy and hepatic pedicle not clamped. The upper jejunums at differ-ent reperfusion time phases (0 h, 3 h, 12 h, 24 h, 72 h) were made into specimens respectively, and then MTL and SEC immunohistochemical measurement were conducted. Results At 0 min of hepatic ischemia-reperfusion digestive tract congestion, the MTL expression of upper jejunum went down,SEC expression of upper jejunum went up. With the reperfusion time extending, the MTL expression also descended to minimum at 24 h, but SEC expression increased to reach the peak at 24 h. The ex-pression of these 2 hormones gradually returned to normal at 72h. The MTL expression of Salvia milt-iorrhiza pretreatment group was higher, SEC expression of SM group were lower than the IR group in each time phase of reperfusion. Conclusion The intestinal congestive injury caused by liver ischemia can down-regulate the excitability of gastrointestinal hormone MTL and up-regulate the gastrointesti-nal inhibitory gastrointestinal hormone SEC expression at reperfusion to inhibit gastrointestinal motili-ty. Salvia miltiorrhiza preconditioning can partly weaken the descending of jejunal MTL and increasing of the jejunal SEC expression, which may contribute to the early recovery of gastrointestinal motility.
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Objective To discuss the effects and the main operative techniques of laparoscopic highly selective vagotomy(LHSV) in the treatment of perforating duodenal ulcer. Methods In twenty patients with perforating duodenal ulcers, laparoscopic repair of the perforation and laparoscopic freeing of the vagus nerves and highly selective vagotomy(LHSV) were performed, using ultrasonic dissector. Results In all twenty cases the operation was successful. No patient was converted into open HSV. Ulcer symptoms of 15 patients disappeared after operation, and follow up gastroscopy after 6 months showed that the ulcers had healed. The postoperative ulcer symptoms of 5 patients were markedly relieved and were easily controlled by medication. Conclusions The treatment of perforative duodenal ulcer by LHSV has the advantages of minor trauma, rapid postoperative recovery and good results. LHSV is a good procedure for the treatment of perforative duodenal ulcer .
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Objective To investigate the effects of radix salviae miltiorrhiaze(RSM) on the expression of Fas, perforin and bcl 2 mRNA in liver ischemia reperfusion(I R). Methods 45 patients were divided into three groups: Control group(group 1, n=5); I R group(group 2, n=20), and RSM pretreatment group(group 3, n=20). The patients in group 2 and group 3 subjected to hepatic resection with “Pringle procedure” for 15?min. Expression of Fas, perforin and bcl 2 mRNA were examined with reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT PCR) after liver reperfusion for 40?min. Results Expression of Fas, perforin were very weak in control group(0.144?0.037; 0.106?0.032), but increased in group 2(0.928?0.135; 1.099?0.364); and in group 3 was significantly lower(0.347?0.081; 0.454?0.116)than that in group 2(P