Prenatal ultrasonic diagnosis of umbilical cord ulcer: analysis of three cases and literature review / 中华围产医学杂志

Objective:To investigate the features, diagnostic value and clinical significance of prenatal ultrasound for umbilical cord ulcer (UCU).Methods:Ultrasonographic characteristics of three fetuses with UCU diagnosed at Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center from January 2014 to June 2020 were reviewed. Relevant articles published from January 1, 1990, to June 1, 2020, were retrieved from Wanfang, CNKI and PubMed databases and analyzed. Likelihood ratio, adjusted Chi-square test and Fisher's exact test were used to analyze the association between the pathological results and fetal outcomes. Results:(1) Among the three fetuses with UCU, two were complicated by upper gastrointestinal obstruction and one by intrauterine infection. Two of them survived and one died after birth. Prenatal ultrasound examination of the umbilical cord and amniotic cavity showed one case was normal, while the other two showing features such as flocculent hypoechoic sign around the umbilical cord, cloudy hyperechoic sign ejecting from the umbilical cord lesion in dynamic observation, exposed umbilical vessels and ribbon-like echo around the umbilical cord. (2) No reported case of UCU had been found in any publications in China. A total of 39 reported cases of UCU complicated by duodenal or jejunal obstruction were retrieved from English literature, among which intrauterine fetal death, neonatal death and live births accounted for 30.8% (12/39), 28.2% (11/39) and 41.0% (16/39), respectively. Six cases with intrauterine abnormalities detected by prenatal ultrasound survived after emergent cesarean section, showing a positive detection rate of 15.4% (6/39), of which three obtained a snapshot of umbilical cord bleeding and three were characterized by lamellar and linear echoes around the amniotic cavity or umbilical cord. Hemorrhagic amniotic fluid was observed in 66.7% (26/39) of the fetuses and decreased heart rate occurred in 35.9%(14/39). The site, number and pathological grade of UCU were not related to the pregnancy outcomes (all P>0.05). Conclusions:Prenatal ultrasound for detecting abnormalities in umbilical cord and amniotic cavity is of a certain value in the diagnosis of UCU. Lamellar and linear echoes around the umbilical cord may be the ultrasonographic characteristics of UCU. The real-time detection of UCU bleeding by prenatal ultrasound can provide direct evidence for timely clinical treatment.

Chemical constituents from fruiting bodies of Tremella sanguinea / 中国中药杂志

The chemical constituents from the fruiting bodies of Tremella sanguinea were separated and purified by column chromatography on silica gel,ODS,Sephadex LH-20,and RP-HPLC. The structures of the isolated compounds were identified on the basis of physicochemical properties and spectroscopic data analysis,as well as comparisons with the data reported in the literature. Sixteen compounds were isolated from the 90% ethanol extract of the fruiting bodies of T. sanguinea,which were identified as( 22 E)-5α,8α-epidioxy-24-methyl-cholesta-6,9( 11),22-trien-3β-ol( 1),( 22 E)-5α,8α-epidioxyergosta-6,22-dien-3β-ol( 2),cerevisterol( 3),ergosta-7-ene-3β,5α,6β-triol( 4),( 22 E)-6β-methoxyergosta-7,22-diene-3β,5α-diol( 5),ergosta-7-en-3β-ol( 6),4-hydroxy-methylincisterol( 7),2-pyrrolidone( 8),nicotinamide( 9),1-( 3-indolyl)-3-dihydroxypropan-1-one( 10),yangambin( 11),linoleic acid( 12),( 9 Z,12 Z,15 Z)-2,3-dihydroxypropyl octadeca-trienoate( 13),( 9 Z,12 Z)-2,3-dihydroxypropyl-octadeca-dienoate( 14),crypticin B( 15)and 3-phenyllactic acid( 16). All compounds were isolated from T. sanguinea for the first time. Except for compounds 6,9 and 12,the remained compounds were isolated from the genus Tremella for the first time.

Pathologic features on gonadal changes of sexual developmental disorders in children / 中华病理学杂志

Objective@#To investigate the pathologic features of gonadal tissues of disorders of sexual development (DSD) in children.@*Methods@#Fifty-three cases of gonadal developmental disorders were collected from July 2015 to August 2017 at Guangzhou Women and Children′s Medical Center. Clinical manifestations, karyotypes, sex hormone levels, ultrasound imaging, histology and immunophenotype of gonadal tissues were analyzed.@*Results@#The age of patients ranged from 7 months to 17 years with an average of (50.7 ± 47.1) months. Social genders of the patients included 32 males and 21 females. Forty-eight patients had abnormal sex hormone levels. Clinical presentations included: toward female genitalia in 25 cases, male genitalia tendency in 17 cases and ambiguous external genitalia in 11 cases. Hypospadias was seen in 31 cases and short stature was seen in 8 cases. Chromosomal karyotyping of peripheral blood revealed 23 cases of sex chromosome disorders, 22 cases of 46 XY disorders, of which 3 cases were 5α-reductase deficiency and 8 cases of 46 XX disorders. Ultrasound examination showed cryptorchidism in 30 cases, including 16 cases of unilateral, 14 cases of bilateral and 1 case presenting a huge pelvic tumor. A total of 97 gonadal tissues from 53 cases of DSD were examined, including 9 cases of unilateral and 44 cases of bilateral gonads. Microscopically, 55 gonads (56.7%) showed dysplastic testes including 17 unilateral and 19 bilateral gonads. Fourteen were streak gonads (14.4%) including 8 unilateral and 3 bilateral gonadal tissues. Nine streak gonad with epithelial cord-like structures (9.3%) were found, of which 5 were unilateral and 2 were bilateral lesions. Seven gonads were ovotestis (7.2%), unilateral in 5 cases (the other side of the gonads of ovary in 4 cases, 1 case of dysplastic testes) and bilateral in 1 case. Seven gonads showed follicular-rich ovarian tissue (7.2%). One case showed bilateral dysplastic testes with gonadoblastoma and ectopic adrenal cortex. One case of streak gonad showed epithelial cord-like structures and undifferentiated glandular tissue embedded in malignant mixed germ cell tumors (mixed gonadoblastoma, dysgerminoma, mature teratoma and yolk sac tumor). One case had testicular microlithiasis. Uterus and fallopian tube structures were found in 11 cases. Immunohistochemical stains were performed in 15 cases. D2-40, PLAP and CKIT were expressed in germ cells and Calretinin, WT1 and inhibin were positive in Setoli cells. SALL4 and OCT3/4 were positive in 3 cases. Inhibin highlighted interstitial Leydig cells in 2 cases. GPC3 was positive in yolk sac tumor component.@*Conclusions@#Gonadal dysgenesis presents a broad spectrum of gonadal phenotypes with variable degrees of differentiation. The development of bilateral gonadal tissues has certain variability. Chromosomal karyotypes have no correlation with gonadal phenotypes. Accurate histopathologic diagnosis of gonadal dysgenesis plays an important role in the treatment and prognosis of the patient.

Isolation, physicochemical properties and immunomodulating effects of polysaccharides from Sophorae Flavescentis Radix / 国际药学研究杂志

Objective To investigate the physicochemical properties and immunomodulatory activities of crude polysaccharides and their fractions from Sophorae Flavescentis Radix. Methods The crude polysaccharide (SFP-100) was obtained successively by boiling Sophorae Flavescentis Radix in water, ethanol precipitating, dialyzing and freeze drying. SFP-100 was separated withDEAE-cellulose column to obtain three fractions, and these fractions were fruther separated with Sephadex G-100 column to obtain their sub-fractions. The sugar content was determined by phenol-sulfuric acid method, the molecular distribution was determined with gel filtration chromatography, and the monosaccharide composition was analyzed with capillary electrophoresis after PMP derivatization. The immunobiological activities were estimated by measuring the proliferation of mouse spleen lymphocytes as well as the IFN-secretion in mouse splenocytes and the TNF-α secretion in mouse peritoneal macrophages. Results The yield of SFP-100 from Sophorae Flavescentis Radix was 4.83％ and sugar content was 71.62％. SFP-100 was separated into three fractions SFP-100-A, SFP-100-B and SFP-100-C, whose yields were 3.5％, 25.6％ and 16.7％, and the sugar content was 85.99％, 72.09％ and 24.30％, respectively.The monosaccharide composition and their molar ratio for SFP-100-A, SFP-100-B and SFP-100-C were Ara∶Glc∶Gal=7.16∶91.02∶1.82, Xyl∶Ara∶Glc∶Rha∶Gal∶GalA=0.05∶1.00∶0.85∶0.04∶0.35∶0.43, and Xyl∶Ara∶Glc∶Rha∶Gal∶GlcA∶GalA=0.20∶1.00∶0.33∶0.36∶0.45∶0.55∶14.37, respectively. SFP-100-B was further separated into two sub-fractions SFP-100-B-a and SFP-100-B-b with Sephadex G-100, and the other two sub-fractions SFP-100-C-a and SFP-100-C-b were also obtained with the same Sephadex G-100 from SFP-100-C. SFP-100-B-a showed a main wide peak, which had the relative molecular weight 1.02×105 and monosaccharide composition Ara∶Glc∶Rha∶Gal = 1.00∶0.06∶0.02∶0.29. Meanwhile, the relative molecular weight and monosaccharide composition were 5.43×104 and Xyl∶Glc =1.00∶3.81 for the main peak of SFP-100-C-a, and 2.75×104 and Ara∶Glc∶Rha∶Gal∶GlcA∶GalA=1.00∶2.10∶0.57∶0.74∶1.09∶33.75 for the main peak of SFP-100-C-b, respectively. The crude polysaccharides SFP-100 and its fractions, SFP-100-B and SFP-100-C, as well as the sub-fractions, SFP-100-B-a, SFP-100-B-b and SFP-100-C-a, increased the proliferation of spleen cells, all in a dose-dependent manner. Further, SFP-100 could improve the secretion of IFN-γ and TNF-α in spleen cells, while SFP-100-B, SFP-100-C, SFP-100-B-a and SFP-100-B-b could stimulate the secretion of IFN-γ. Conclusion The crude polysaccharides of Sophorae Flavescentis Radix and their fractions showed a good immunomodulatory activity, which may be related to the clinical use of Sophorae Flavescentis Radix for the anti-HBV and anti-inflammatory therapy.

Diagnostic Value of Cerebrospinal Fluid T-SPOT.TB for Tuberculousis Meningitis in China / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic value of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) T-SPOT.TB test for the diagnosis of TB meningitis (TBM). A retrospective analysis of 96 patients with manifested meningitis was conducted; T-SPOT.TB test was performed for diagnosing TBM to determine the diagnostic sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV). A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was also drawn to assess the diagnostic accuracy. The sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV of CSF T-SPOT.TB test were 97.8%, 78.0%, 80.3%, and 97.5%, respectively, for 52 patients (54.2%) of the 96 enrolled patients. The area under the curve (AUC) was 0.910, and the sensitivities of CSF T-SPOT.TB for patients with stages I, II, and III of TBM were 96.7%, 97.2%, and 98.9%, respectively. CSF T-SPOT.TB test is a rapid and accurate diagnostic method with higher sensitivity and specificity for diagnosing TBM.

Clinicopathological features of congential intestinal solitary fibromatosis: 2 cases report and literature review / 临床与实验病理学杂志

Purpose To study the clinicopathological features of congenital solitary intestinal fibromatosis (SIF).Methods Clinical,radiological and pathological features of 2 cases of SIF were analyzed along with a literature review.Results Two cases of SIF with one girl and one boy.Both presented with vomiting and abdominal distention at the birth day.A plain abdominal radiograph revealed small bowl obstruction and pneumoperitoneum.Jejunum atresia and perforation were detected at surgery.Microscopically,spindle tumor cells diffusely infiltrated in the whole intestinal wall,tumor cells were monomorphic with bland looking and rare mitosis was reviewed.Immunohistochemically,vimentin was positive while muscular markers as SMA,desmin and Myogenin were all negative.And S-100,CD117,CD34,ALK and β-catenin were not expressed.ETV6 split gene was not detected in one of the patients by FISH.Two patients of SIF had no tumor recurrence with follow-up till now.Conclusion Congenital SIF is a rare and unique intestinal tumor in neonate,and it should be differentiated from congenital fibrosarcoma and myofibroma.SIF appears a very good prognosis after segmental resection.

Pediatric lung lesions: a clinicopathological study of 215 cases / 中华病理学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate clinical and pathological features of lung lesions in children.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Clinical manifestations, radiologic imaging, histopathological features and immunohistochemical results were analyzed in 215 cases of lung lesions in children.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>A total of 215 cases of lung lesions in children aged 0 day to 13 years (average age of 27.2 months and the median age of 18.0 months) were selected, including 137 male and 78 female patients with a male to female ratio of 1.76:1.00. The incidence of congenital lung disease was higher in patients of less than 1 year old than those of over 1 year old age, and the difference of the two groups was statistically significant (P = 0.004). 142 cases had acquired lung diseases, and 73 cases had congenital bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Lung abscess was the most common lesion seen in 86 cases (40.0%), including 1 case of fungal abscess. Congenital pulmonary airway malformation (CPAM) was the second most common, seen in 44 patients (20.5%), including 20 cases of type 1, 18 cases of type 2 and 6 cases of type 4 CPAM. Pulmonary sequestration was found in 25 cases (11.6%) including 14 cases of intralobar type and 11 cases of extralobar type. Two cases of extralobar pulmonary sequestration showed simultaneous CPAM2 type 2 lesion. Other lesions included tuberculosis (13 cases, 6.0%), emphysema (12 cases, 5.6%), interstitial pneumonia (7 cases, 3.2%), pulmonary hemorrhage (6 cases, 2.8%), bronchogenic cyst (4 cases, 1.9%), bronchiolitis obliterans (2 cases, 0.9%), idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderin deposition disease (2 cases, 0.9%) and 1 cases of lung non-specific changes. 13 cases of neoplastic lesions (6.0%) were found, of which 11 cases were primary tumors (5.1%), including inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor in 5 patients (2.3%), pleuropulmonary blastoma in 5 cases (1 case of type I, 2 type II and 2 type III) and 1 case of mucoepidermoid carcinoma (0.5%) and 2 cases of metastatic tumors (hepatoblastoma and Wilm's tumor, 0.9%).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Infectious diseases are the most common lung diseases in children. Congenital bronchopulmonary dysplasia is the most common in children of less than 1 year old. Malignant lesions are rare.</p>

Clinicopathological features of cystic lung diseases in children / 临床与实验病理学杂志

Purpose To investigate the histopathological features of cystic lung diseases ( CLD) , and to discuss the timing of clinical interventions. Methods HE and immunohistochemical staining were performed and reviewed in 125 cases of CLD. Results 125 ca-ses of CLD aged from birth to 11 years and 6 month, with an average age of 23. 0 months, median age 15 months, of which 60 cases were less than 1 year (48. 0%). 75 cases were male and 50 cases female, with male to female ratio of 1. 5 ∶ 1. Grossly, 50 cases showed single or multiple cysts with the size 0. 5 ~8. 0 cm in diameter, which did not communicate with bronchial cavity. 18 cases showed honeycomb cysts with the diameter of 0. 1~2. 0 cm. 26 cases were solid lesions without visible cysts. 21 cases were observed lung abscess with thick and rough wall and pus inside. 7 cases of emphysema showed microcysts with crepitation. 2 cases were identi-fied cystic and solid masses, with fish-fresh like cut surface. Histopathologically, 94 cases (75. 2%) were related to congenital bron-chopulmonary dysplasia in 125 cases of CLD, in which there were 59 patients (47. 2%) of congenial pulmonary airway malformation (CPAM), including 29 cases of type 1 (49. 2%), 18 cases of type 2 (30. 5%), and 12 cases of type 4 (20. 3%), there were 26 ca-ses (20. 8%) of pulmonary sequestration, including 15 cases of intralobar type (57. 7%) and 11 of extralobar cases (42. 3%), 5 ca-ses were complicated with CPAM type 2, 8 cases were bronchial cyst (6. 4%) and 1 case of enteric cyst (0. 8%). Acquired lesions were detected in 31 cases (24. 8%), including 21 cases of infected lung abscess, 1 case of fungal abscess. 7 cases of emphysema, and 3 cases of pleuralpulmonary blastoma (typeⅠ1 case and typeⅡ2 cases). Conclusion Pediatric CLD is characterized as com-plexed categories. The prognosis depends on correct pathological diagnosis, combined with imaging evaluation and appropriate timing of surgery.

Prognostic significance of MYCN amplification in children neuroblastic tumors / 中华病理学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To summarize the clinicopathologic features of neuroblastic tumors (NT), and to explore the prognostic significance of MYCN amplification in NT.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The clinicopathologic data of 267 NT were reviewed. MYCN gene amplification was detected by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) in 119 cases and the relationship with pathological characteristics and prognostic significance were analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The study included 267 cases of children NT from patients aged from 1 day to 13 years (median 27 months). The male to female ratio was 1.43. There were 38 cases (14.2%), 43 cases (16.1%), 71 cases (26.6%), and 115 cases (43.1%) of INSS stages I, II, III and IV respectively.Favorable histology group had 157 cases (59.9%); unfavorable histology group had 110 cases (40.1%).Of the 119 NT cases with MYCN FISH performed, 18 cases (15.1%) showed amplification and the signal ratio of MYCN to CEP2 was 4.08-43.29. One hundred and one cases of non-amplified MYCN included MYCN gain in 79 cases (66.3%) and MYCN negative in 22 cases (18.5%). MYCN expression showed significant difference (P = 0.000) between ages, gender, NT type and MKI, but not INPC and clinical stage (P > 0.05).Of the 18 cases with MYCN amplification, 3 were undifferentiated, and 15 poorly differentiated; 17 had high MKI and one moderate MKI. All 18 cases were in unfavorable histology group; the overall survival rate was 3/18, with an average survival time of (17.9 ± 2.4) months.Of the 101 MYCN non-amplification cases, the overall survival rate was 68.3% (69/101), with an average survival time of (29.8 ± 1.3) months. Survival analysis showed the cases with MYCN amplification had worse prognosis (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>NT were commonly diagnosed in early ages and easily to metastasize. Most of cases with favorable histology. The cases of MYCN amplification showed unfavorable histology, and the majority cases with high MKI; The patients with MYCN gene amplification had poor prognosis.</p>

Detection of MYCN gene amplification in neuroblastic tumors by fluorescence in situ hybridization and its clinical significance / 中华实用儿科临床杂志

Objective To explore the significance of MYCN gene amplification in children with neuroblastic tumors(NT).Methods The clinicopathological data of 154 cases with NT were reviewed,including general data, classification of pathology,clinical stage and prognosis.MYCN gene amplification was detected by fluorescence in situ hybridization(FISH) and its relationship between pathological characteristics and prognostic significance was analyzed.Results There was 154 cases of NT aged 1 day to 11 years,with a mean age of 26.1 months,and the median age of 20.5 months.Male and female ratio was 1.48 : 1.00.According to International Neuroblastoma Staging System (INSS) ,20 cases were of stage Ⅰ (13.0％) ,23 cases of stage Ⅱ (14.9％) ,43 cases of stage Ⅲ (27.9％) ,64 cases of stage Ⅳ(41.6％) and 4 cases of Ⅳs (2.6％).There were 72 cases(46.8％) with favorable histology,and 82 cases(53.2％) with unfavorable histology.MYCN amplification was found in 20 cases (13.0％) and the signal ratio of MYCN and chromosome 2 (CEP2) was 4.08-43.29.One hundred and thirty-four cases of MYCN non-amplification included MYCN gain in 91 cases(68.0％) ,MYCN negative in 43 cases(32.0％).MYCN expression showed the significant differences in ages, neuroblastoma type, international neuroblastoma pathology classification (INPC), mitosis karyorrhexis index (MKI), and clinical stages (all P ＜ 0.05).No significant difference was found in gender(P ＞ 0.05).Of 20 MYCN amplification cases,4 cases (20.0％) survived and 16 cases (80.0％) died,and the overall survival rate was 20.0％ (4/20 cases) ,with survival time was (17.10 ± 2.24) months;of 134 MYCN non-amplification cases,96 cases (71.6％) survived and 38 cases (28.4％) died, with survival time of (28.71 ± 1.28)months.Survival analysis showed the cases with MYCN amplification had worse prognosis (x2 =19.596, P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Patients with MYCN amplification had poorer prognosis and lower incidence of MYCN amplification of pediatric NT was found in China.

Research on HBV DNA inhibition of plasmid acute infection mouse with betulinic acid / 中国中药杂志

Betulinic acid is a naturally occurring pentacyclic triterpenoid, which has antiretroviral, antimalarial, and anti-inflammatory properties. The purpose of this study is to investigate the HBV DNA replication inhibition in the mouse model with betulinic acid. Hydrodynamic injection method via the tail vein with the Paywl. 3 plasmid was used to establish the animal mode (n = 15), and the mice were randomly divided into the PBS control group (n = 5), Betulinic acid treatment group (n = 5) and lamivudine control group (n = 5). The day after successful modeling , the mice would have taken Betulinic acid (100 mg x kg(-1)), lamivudine (50 mg x kg(-1)), PBS drugs orally, once daily for 7 days, blood samples were acquired from the orbital venous blood at 3, 5, 7 days after the administering, HBsAg and HBeAg in serum concentration were measured by ELISA and the mice were sacrificed after 7 days, HBV DNA southern detections were used with part of mice livers. The results showed that betulinic acid significantly inhibited the expression of HbsAg in the mice model at the fifth day compared with the control group, and there was no significant differences between the effects of lamivudine and the PBS control group; both the betulinic acid and lamivudine groups had no significant inhibition for the HBeAg expression; the HBV DNA expressions of the liver tissue from the betulinic acid and lamivudine groups were inhibited compared with the control group. Taken together, these results reveal betulinic acid can inhibit the HBsAg expression and replication of the liver HBV DNA in the mouse model.

Effects of electroacupuncture assistant general anesthesia on postoperative cognitive dysfunction of aged patients / 中国中西医结合杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the effects of electroacupuncture (EA) assistant general anesthesia on postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) of aged patients.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>One hundred and twenty senile American Society of Anesthesiology (ASA) grade I - III patients (more than 65 years old) with non-cardiac surgery were randomly assigned to two groups, Group A and Group B, 60 cases in each group. Patients in Group A received general anesthesia, while those in Group B received EA assistant general anesthesia. Patients in Group B received EA at Baihui (DU20), Hegu (LI4), Neiguan (PC6), Zusanli (ST36) 30 min before anesthesia induction to the end of operation. Anesthesia was induced by etomidate 0.2 - 0.3 mg/kg, fentanyl 3-5 microg/kg, cisatracurium 0.15 mg/kg in the two groups. Anesthesia maintenance was provided by sevoflurane and continuous pumping of remifentanil. Tramadol 50 mg was given 30 min before ending the operation. The scores of mini-mental state examination (MMSE), nausea and vomiting were recorded in the two groups one day before anesthesia, the 2nd, 4th, and 6th day after operation. The occurrence of postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) on day 2, 4, and 6 was compared.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The occurrence of POCD on day 2 and 4 was obviously lower in Group B than in Group A at the same time period (40.0% vs 66.7%, 13.3% vs 43.3%), showing statistical difference (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the pre-anesthesia scores of MMSE between the two groups. The scores of MMSE on the 2nd and the 4th day were higher in Group B than in Group A (21.3 +/- 3.9 vs 18.3 +/- 3.8, 26.4 +/- 2.9 vs 22.9 +/- 3.9, P < 0.05). Compared with one day before anesthesia in the same group, the scores of MMSE were significantly different on the 2nd and the 4th day (Group A: 18.3 +/- 3.8, 22.9 +/- 3.9 vs 27.9 +/- 2.1; Group B: 21.3 +/- 3.9 vs 27.5 +/- 2.5; P < 0.05). The occurrence of post-aesthesia nausea and vomiting was lower in Group B (23.3%, 14/60) than in Group A (46.7%, 28/60) with statistical difference (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>EA assistant general anesthesia could reduce the occurrence of POCD in aged patients.</p>

Protective antitumor immunity induced by tumor cell lysates conjugated with diphtheria toxin and adjuvant epitope in mouse breast tumor models / 癌症

Cancer cell vaccine-based immunotherapy has received increasing interest in many clinical trials involving patients with breast cancer. Combining with appropriate adjuvants can enhance the weak immunogenic properties of tumor cell lysates (TCL). In this study, diphtheria toxin (DT) and two tandem repeats of mycobacterial heat shock protein 70 (mHSP70) fragment 407-426 (M2) were conjugated to TCL with glutaraldehyde, and the constructed cancer cell vaccine was named DT-TCL-M2. Subcutaneous injection of DT-TCL-M2 in mice effectively elicited tumor-specific polyclonal immune responses, including humoral and cellular immune responses. High levels of antibodies against TCL were detected in the serum of immunized mice with ELISA and verified with Western blot analyses. The splenocytes from immunized mice showed potent cytotoxicity on Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cells. Moreover, the protective antitumor immunity induced by DT-TCL-M2 inhibited tumor growth in a mouse breast tumor model. DT-TCL-M2 also attenuated tumor-induced angiogenesis and slowed tumor growth in a mouse intradermal tumor model. These findings demonstrate that TCL conjugated with appropriate adjuvants induced effective antitumor immunity in vivo. Improvements in potency could further make cancer cell vaccines a useful and safe method for preventing cancer recurrence after resection.

Characteristic of liver pathology in HBeAg-positive and HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B patients with mildly elevated ALT / 中华肝脏病杂志

<p><b>UNLABELLED</b>To analyse the live pathology characteristics in mild ALT-elevated (1 x ULN less than ALT less than 2 x ULN ) HBeAg-positive and HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients, and to explore the influence of the age and HBV DNA level to liver pathology in different HBeAg status patients.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>All the patients who met the inclusion criteria form "eleventh five-year plan" National Science and Technology Major Project, the treatment program of integrative traditional and western medicine for CHB were enrolled in this study between October 2009 and March 2011 .B type ultrasound-guided liver biopsy was carried out in all patients and hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) , HBeAg titer as well as HBV DNA level were detected at the same time. Hepatic tissue inflammation and fibrosis degree of patients according to HBeAg-positive and negative, age ( more than or equal to 40 years and less than 40 years), HBV DNA level (more than or equal to 10

Randomized controlled study on electroacupuncture compound anesthesia in radiofrequency ablation for hypertrophic inferior turbinate / 中国针灸

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the feasibility of electroacupuncture compound anesthesia in radiofrequency ablation for hypertrophic inferior turbinate.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The patients confirmed to the enrolled criteria were randomly divided into an observation group (n = 31) and a control group (n = 30). The observation group was treated with electroacupuncture at Sibai (ST 2), Xiaguan (ST 7), Hegu (LI 4) and Zhigou (TE 6) on the left side and routine local anesthesia on the right side. The control group was treated with routine local anesthesia on the both side. The feelings of pain, circulatory index and operation effect were observed and compared.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>During radiofrequency ablation, the pain grade of two measurements on the left side and the 2nd measurement on the right in the observation group were all lower than those in the control group (all P<0.05). In the observation group, the pain grades on the left side were lower than that on the right side (P<0.05), and the systolic blood pressure and the heart rate were lower than that in the control group when undergoing the 2nd radiofrequency ablation on the right side and on the left side, respectively (both P<0.05). There was no significant difference in operation effect between the two groups.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Electroacupuncture compound anesthesia can meet the analgesia requirement of radiofrequency ablation for treatment of hypertrophic inferior turbinate, and would be helpful to prevent cyclic fluctuation during the operation at the same time.</p>

A comparative study of marginal microleakage using different cements in porcelain-fused-to-metal crown / 华西口腔医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the marginal microleakage of porcelain-fused-to-metal crown using four different cements.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Sixteen porcelain-fused-to-metal crowns were built and randomly divided into 4 group, luted onto standard prepared human forward molars using four different cements (glass ionomer cement, resin-modified glass ionomer cement, PanaviaF, Super-Bond C&B adhesive luting system). After temperature cycling test, all the crowns were then submerged in 2% fuchsin for 24 h. The marginal microleakage at tooth cement interfaces was observed using light stereomicroscopy and evaluated in classification index. The marginal microleakage grade of 4 groups were analyzed by SPSS 13.0.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The PanaviaF demonstrated the least marginal microleakage, Super-Bond C&B adhesive luting system, resin-modified glass ionomer cement showed an intermediate level of marginal microleakage, glass ionomer cement was associated with severe marginal microleakage (total, Chi2 = 157.60, P < 0.01; among the different groups, P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Adhesive resin luting system which is the first selection in clinical is better than glass ionomer cement and is good at porcelain-fused-to-metal crown.</p>

Expression profile of immune effector molecules in natural killer cells in patients with chronic hepatitis B / 中华肝脏病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the expression profile of immune effector molecules in peripheral natural killer cells (NK) in patients with chronic hepatitis virus B.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>According to the infection status, patients were divided into four experiment groups: normal hepatic function and high HBV DNA level group, normal hepatic function and low HBV DNA level group, abnormal hepatic function and high HBV DNA level group and abnormal hepatic function and low HBV DNA level group. The expression of perforin (PF), granzyme B (Gr B), granulysin (GNLY), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFa) and interferon gamma (IFNr) in NK cells were detected by flow cytometer.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with control group (31.50%+/-27.64%), the expression of GNLY was significantly increased in normal hepatic function and high HBV DNA level group (59.74%+/-30.82%) and normal hepatic function and low HBV DNA level group (61.89%+/-33.30%); the expression of IFNr in normal hepatic function and high HBV DNA level group (39.89%+/-21.30%) and abnormal hepatic function and high HBV DNA level group (37.54%+/-18.79%) was lower than that in normal control group (57.38%+/-23.69%); the expression of PF, GrB, GNLY in abnormal hepatic function and high HBV DNA level group (35.47%+/-29.64%, 66.55%+/-22.92%, 42.03%+/-33.17%) was lower than that in normal hepatic function and high HBV DNA level group (56.98%+/-38.34%, 81.53%+/-19.58%, 59.74%+/-30.82%) and normal hepatic function and low HBV DNA level groups (62.95%+/-31.98%, 84.51%+/-14.57%, 61.89%+/-33.3%); there were positive correlations between ef PF, Gr B, GNLY, TNFa, and IFNr.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The expression of IFNr in NK cells from patients with high HBV DNA replication level is lower than that in normal control group; the expression of PF, Gr B and GNLY in NK cells from patients with normal hepatic function is higher than that in NK cells from patients with abnormal hepatic function.</p>

Effects of electroacupuncture anesthesia of different frequencies on stress reaction in thyroid surgery / 中国针灸

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To probe into the optimal frequency of electroacupuncture for the access to the best anesthesia.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Sixty cases of optional thyroid surgery were randomly divided into group A, group B and group C, 20 cases in each group. In group A, 2 Hz/100 Hz disperse-dense wave was selected in stimulation. In group B, 2 Hz/15 Hz disperse-dense wave was selected. Group C was the control group without electric stimulation applied. Hegu (LI 4) and Neiguan (PC 6) were stimulated bilaterally. Cervical plexus block was produced after 15 min acupuncture. The concentration changes in plasma cortisone (COR) and beta-endorphin (beta-EP) were compared among 4 time-points, named before anesthesia (T1), before skin incision after induction (T2), thyroid traction in surgery (T3) and the end of surgery (T4).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Group B achieved the highest significant rate of analgesia (50.0%, 10/20) and that in group C was the lowest (10.0%, 2/20). COR content was the highest at T2 in group A and that was the lowest at T3 in group B. At the end of surgery, COR content was up the maximum in 3 groups, but still COR content was the lowest in group B in comparison. The plasma beta-EP content decreased apparently at T3 and T4 in group B as compared with the value before (both P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>In electroacupuncture-assisted anesthesia, 2 Hz/15 Hz disperse-dense wave achieves the optimal anesthesia compared with 2 Hz/100 Hz disperse-dense wave, and moreover inhibits stress reaction induced by anesthesia surgery.</p>

Effect of bushen recipe on the immune effector molecules of natural killer cells in patients with chronic hepatitis B / 中国中西医结合杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the immunoregulation mechanism of Bushen Recipe (BSR) in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) of Gan-Shen yin-deficiency and lingering damp-heat syndrome (GSS).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Thirty-five patients with positive HBV DNA and abnormal alanine transaminase (ALT) level were assigned to the treatment group (22 patients) and the control group (13 patients), they were treated with BSR and alpha-2b interferon for 6 months respectively. Blood levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), total bilirubin (TBIL) and HBV DNA were measured before and after treatment. And the expressions of immune effector molecules of nature killer (NK) cell, including perforin (PF), granzyme B (GrB), granulysin (GNLY), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and gamma-interferon (gamma-IFN), were detected using flow cytometry.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Levels of ALT and AST declined significantly in both groups after treatment (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01), showing insignificant difference between them. And the expressions (%) of PF and GNLY in the treatment group reduced significantly after treatment, from 69.62 +/- 27.58 to 34.86 +/- 31.60 for PF and from 64.54 +/- 25.96 to 25.72 +/- 24.98 for GNLY (both P < 0.05). In the treatment group and the control group, as compared with before treatment, the total scores of Chinese medicine symptoms were significantly declined after treatment (P < 0.01), and the total scores of Chinese medicine symtoms in the treatment group was significantly lower than that of the control group (P < 0.05). As compared with the total effective rate of Chinese medicine syndromes in the control group after treatment, that in the treatment group was significantly increased (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The mechanism of BSR in immuneregulating on patients with CHB of GSS is by way of declining the expressions of relative immune effector molecules to promote the recovery of the damaged liver.</p>

Curative effect of Yidu Recipe in treating chronic hepatitis B patients of gan-shen yin-deficiency and damp-heat syndrome type and its influence of T-cell subsets / 中国中西医结合杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the effect of Yidu Recipe (YDR) in treating patients of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) with positive hepatitis B e-antigen (HBeAg) and its influence on the quantity and function of T-cell subsets.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Fifty-seven CHB patients measured up the inclusive criteria were randomly assigned to the control group and the treated group, treated respectively by entecavir alone and entecavir + YDR for 6 months. Changes of alanine a minotransferase (ALT), aspartate a minotransferase (AST), HBV-DNA, HBV-M, interleukin-4 (IL-4) and Chinese medicine syndrome score, as well as amounts of natural killer (NK) T cell, gamma-interferon (gamma-IFN), Th1, Th2, Tc1 and Tc2 cells in peripheral blood (detected by flow cytometry) before and after treatment were observed. And the liver function normalization rate, negative inversion rates of HBV-DNA and HBeAg were estimated at terminal of the trial.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Seven cases were dropped out in the observation period. Compared with the control group, levels of ALT, AST, HBV-DNA and Chinese medicine syndrome score were lower after treatment (P < 0.05), and liver function normalization rate was higher in the treated group, while the difference between groups in negative inversion rates HBV-DNA and HBeAg were insignificant (P > 0.05). Amount of IFN-gamma increased, IL-4 reduced, and Tc1 cell raised after treatment, which led to the rise of Tcl/Tc2 ratio in both groups; while in the treated group, in addition to the above-mentioned changes, the Th1 cell was increased also, and thus to make elevation of Th1/Th2 ratio (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The efficacy of entecavir + YDR in treating HBeAg positive CHB patients is better than that of entecavir alone. YDR can effectively improve patients' liver function, inhibit HBV-DNA replication and improve clinical symptoms, its action may be realized by way of increasing the amount of NKT cells, inducing increase of IFN-gamma and decrease of IL-4 secretions, and regulating the balance between Th1/Th2 and Tc1/Tc2.</p>