Investigation on public satisfaction with the enforcement of tobacco control regulations based on questionnaire survey —— a case study of Tianjin / 公共卫生与预防医学

Objective To analyze the residents' satisfaction with the enforcement of The Regulations of Tianjin Municipality on Smoking Control in Public Places (hereinafter referred to as The Regulations) and its influencing factors. Methods From November to December 2020, 16 districts of Tianjin were selected as the research site, and one street was randomly selected from each district. The accidental sampling was used to conduct a questionnaire survey on 4,160 permanent residents in Tianjin. χ2 test was used in univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression model was used to analyze and adjust the confounding factors. The public satisfaction and its influencing factors were analyzed. Results A total of 4 022 questionnaires were collected and 2 730 were included in the study. In 2020, 89.3 percent of Tianjin residents were satisfied with the enforcement of the Regulations. Compared with residents aged 15-24, residents in other age groups were less satisfied with the enforcement of the Regulations. Compared with residents with primary school education or below, residents with high school education or bachelor's degree or the same educational level were less satisfied with the enforcement of the Regulations. Residents with chronic diseases (OR=1.885 , P<0.01) and exposure to second-hand smoke in the last 30 days (OR=1.903, P<0.01) were less satisfied with the enforcement of the Regulations, while those who supported the Regulations (OR=0.511, P<0.01) and residents who had been exposed to public service advertisements on tobacco control in the last 30 days (OR=0.043, P<0.01) were more satisfied with the enforcement of the Regulations. Conclusion The residents of Tianjin are highly satisfied with the enforcement of the Regulations. Age, education background, support for the Regulations, chronic disease, exposure to secondhand smoke in the last 30 days and exposure to public service advertisements in the last 30 days are the main influencing factors of satisfaction with the enforcement of tobacco control regulations.

Role of fecal calprotectin in the diagnosis of neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis: a Meta analysis / 中国当代儿科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To study the value of fecal calprotectin (FC) in the diagnosis of neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) through a Meta analysis.@*METHODS@#Web of Science, Cochrane Library, PubMed, Embase, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Weipu Periodical Database, Wanfang Data, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database were searched for related studies published up to May 2020, with manual search as supplementation. The QUADAS criteria were used to evaluate the quality of the articles included. Meta-DiSc 1.4 and Stata 15.0 software were used to perform the Meta analysis, including the evaluation of specificity, sensitivity, likelihood ratio, and diagnostic odds ratio. The sensitivity analysis and heterogeneity testing were performed, and the summary receiver operating characteristic (SROC) curve and Fagan diagram were plotted.@*RESULTS@#A total of 15 articles were enrolled, involving 1 719 neonates. Among these articles, 4 had low quality, 2 had high quality, and the rest had medium quality. There was high heterogeneity between studies, and there was no threshold effect or publication bias. The random effects model analysis showed that FC had a pooled specificity of 0.80 (95%@*CONCLUSIONS@#FC has high potential and efficiency in the early diagnosis of NEC. FC measurement can be used for the diagnosis of NEC, but it should be combined with clinical manifestations and other related laboratory examinations.

Application of directed acyclic graphs in identification and control of selection bias in causal inference / 中华疾病控制杂志

In the etiology study of epidemiology, selection bias will lead to the fact that the research sample cannot represent the general population, the association between exposure and outcome among those selected for analysis differs from the association among those eligible, and the true causal association cannot be inferred. Directed acyclic graphs (DAGs) could visualize complex causality, introduce the Collider-stratification bias using simple graphics language, provide a simple and intuitive way to identify Selection bias, different types of selection bias are verified by the graphic structure of the Collider-stratification bias. In practical studies, there may be multiple biases at the same time, improper adjustment of the collider will lead to Collider-stratification bias, open a backdoor path, even change the size and direction of the confounding bias. In order to obtain an unbiased estimate of the exposure to the outcome, it is necessary to identify the collider and avoid the adjustment to prevent the occurrence of Collider-stratification bias by using DAGs.

Temporal and spatial variation of polysaccharides and alcohol-soluble extractives of Polygonatum cyrtonema / 中国中药杂志

To reveal the variation of polysaccharides and alcohol-soluble extractives of rhizomes Polygonatum cyrtonema from different producing areas,growing years,and harvesting seasons,25 wild samples from the main producing areas( provenances) of China and 6 artificial cultivated samples were collected and detected. The 6-year-old rhizomes of the artificial cultivation were gathered from Qingyuan,Zhejiang every 2 months during 2016 to 2017. Anthrone-sulfuric acid method and hot-dip method were used to determine the contents of polysaccharides and alcohol-soluble extractives respectively. The results showed that provenances,age sections and harvesting seasons affected the quality of Polygonati Rhizoma significantly. The content of polysaccharides from different provenances varied from 6. 96% to 20. 09%,and the content of extractives varied from 32. 08% to 78. 99%. The polysaccharides and extractives' content were the highest at 2-year-age sections,active constituents accumulation peaked in the third year,then decreased significantly with age increasing. The contents of polysaccharides and extractives accumulated were highest when aerial parts,up to 15. 39% and 78. 99% respectively. In summary,the activity and consistency fluctuated with producing areas. while such phenomenon indicated a huge potential of breeding. Additionally,the results showed that collecting Polygonati Rhizoma in February or August as herbal textual recorded were unreasonable,neither in spring or autumn according to the Chinese Pharmacopoeia( 2015 edition). Because these collecting periods didn't have the highest contents of polysaccharides and extractives. Therefore,based on phenological options,the rhizomes of P. cyrtonema should be harvested when the aboveground parts had just withered.

Status of Polygonati Rhizome industry and suggestion for its sustainable development / 中国中药杂志

Field surveys and literatures show that Polygonati Rhizome (Huangjing) was firstly recorded in Shen Nong&s Herbal Classic, and widely used as a medicinal and edible plant. It has a long history of cultivation, and the researches on chemistry have made some progress. The future development is prospected on health market. But the Polygonati Rhizome industry has faced a lot of problems, including the resource depletion, unstable quality, low-tech in cultivation and germplasm confusion, unclear of functional composition, decentralized, small scaled and primary processing products. The suggestion for sustainable development are listed below. First, the relevant researches should focused on material basis and biological mechanism of core effects. To speed up the selection and breeding of improved varieties, ensure the supply of high-quality seedlings and eliminate the unauthentic species are the most important measures. Secondly, to strengthen the conservation and rational use of wild resources, break through the key technologies of high-quality artificial cultivation on light regulation, site control, density control and precision harvesting are also very important. Thirdly, to reveal the toxicity-reducing-and-efficacy-enhancing mechanism of processing, optimize the parameters and setup the standard operating procedure are indispensable. Fourthly, that full advantage of the root, leaf, flower and fruit resources should be strengthened for enlarged health products based on the development of exact functional factors. Above all, Polygonati Rhizome could be a growing market in the future driven by the technological innovation, cultural creativity, integration of three industries, brand strategy and internet+technique.

Assessment of papillary muscle function of functional mitral regurgitation patients using two-dimensional speckle tracking technology / 中华超声影像学杂志

Objective To assess the strain and synchronism of left ventricular papillary muscles (PM) in functional mitral regurgitation (FMR) patients using two-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography,and to explore the relation of PM function and the development of FMR.Methods Sixty ischemic cardiomyopathy patients with FMR and 60 idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy patients with FMR were prospectively recruited.They were divided into three groups as the degree of FMR,patients with mild FMR was group F1,with moderate FMR was group F2,with severe FMR was group F3.Control group involved 42 healthy volunteers.The longitudinal peak strain of anterior and posterior PM (ALS,PLS),the peak time of longitudinal peak strain (APT,PPT),and the delay time of peak value between ALS and PLS (DT) were quantified.Results The ALS and PLS decreased company with increased of FMR degree (P ＜ 0.05,respectively),whereas the DT increased (P ＜ 0.05,respectively),and there was no significant variation trend of the APT and PPT.There was no intergroup difference of ALS and PLS,APT and PPT (P ＞ 0.05,respectively).ALS,PLS had negative correlation with LVM (P ＜ 0.05,respectively),and positive correlation with LVEF (P ＜0.05,respectively).DT had positive correlation with LVM(P ＜ 0.05),and negative correlation with LVEF (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions The dysfunction and desynchronization of PM are closely related to the severity of FMR.The results may helpful to screen proper patients for cardiac resynchronization treatment.

Assessment of left ventricular global systolic function using real-time three-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography in patients with hypothyroidism / 生物医学工程学杂志

The present study aimed to investigate the impact of hypothyroidism on left ventricular systolic function using real-time three-dimensional speckle tracking imaging (RT3D-STI). Thirty hypothyroidism patients and forty healthy volunteers were recruited and received RT3DSTI measurement of global longitudinal strain (GLS), global circumferential strain (GCS), global radial strain (GRS), and global area strain (GAS). A comparison of differences between the hypothyroidism patients and those in the healthy group was carried out and we obtained the results as followings. The values of GLS were (-18.93 +/- 3.89) vs. (-21.44 +/- 1.99), with P < 0.01, GRS were (51.13 +/- 11.95) vs. (56.10 +/- 5.76), with P < 0.0; and GAS were (-31.63 +/- 5.38) vs. (-34.40 +/- 2.32), with P < 0.01, i.e. they were lower in hypothyroidism group than those in the health group. While GCS were (-17.75 +/- 1.92) vs. 17.03 +/- 3.45), with P > 0.05, which were not significantly different between the two groups. In linear regres sion, GLS showed significant correlation with both TSH (b = -0.69, P < 0.01) and FT3 (b = 0.71, P < 0.01). Meanwhile, the GRS (b = 2.98, P < 0.05) and GAS (b = 3.11, P < 0.05) linearly correlated with FT3 level. In conclusion, the present study shows that the global longitudinal and radial moves of left ventricular are weaker in patients with hypothyroidism than healthy controls. And the impairment of left ventricular function would aggravate as FSH rises or FT3 declines.

Association of programmed cell death 1 gene polymorphisms with dilated cardiomyopathy in Chinese Han population / 中华医学遗传学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the association between programmed death 1 (PDCD1) gene polymorphism and dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the PDCD1 gene, rs2227981, rs2227982, were genotyped and detected in 340 DCM patients and 401 healthy controls using the method of polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCRRFLP). The genotype frequencies and allele frequencies of SNPs were compared between DCM patients and normal controls.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The genotype and allele distributions of rs2227982 were significantly different between the patients with DCM and the controls. The frequencies of TT genotype and T allele of rs2227982 were higher in the patients than those in the controls (35.3% vs. 23.4%, P < 0.01, OR=2.37, 95%CI: 1.57-3.57; 58.5% vs. 47.4%, P < 0.01, OR=1.58, 95%CI: 1.28-1.93, respectively). No association was observed for rs2227981 between the DCM patients and the controls.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>rs2227982 in PDCD1 gene is association with DCM in Chinese Han population, which supported PDCD1 as a susceptibility gene for DCM. TT genotypes and T allele in rs2227982 may be associated with significantly increased risk of DCM.</p>

Effects of etomidate infusion on serum cortisol in patients undergoing radical resection of lung cancer / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the effect of etodimate infusion on serum cortisol in patients undergoing radical resection of lung cancer operations during the perioperative period.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Forty ASA I-II patients undergoing radical resection of lung cancer were randomly divided into etomidate group (Group E) and propofol group (Group P) (n=20). The serum cortisol was measured at 8:00 am (T(0)) before anesthesia, 4:00 pm (T(1)) on the day of operation and 24 h after the operation (T(2)) by radioimmunoassay.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with that at T0, the serum level of cortisol significantly increased at 24 h after the operation in both groups (P<0.01); serum cortisol decreased lightly at T1, which was not statistically significant (P>0.05), and remained higher than the normal level. At each of the time points, serum cortisol levels were comparable between the two groups (P>0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Etomidate infusion can not inhibit the synthesis of cortisol in patients undergoing radical resection of lung cancer.</p>

Rosuvastatin attenuates vascular endothelial adhesiveness in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice / 中华心血管病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the anti-inflammatory effects on the vessel wall of rosuvastatin in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Eight-week-old apolipoprotein E-deficient mice fed a normal chow diet were treated with vehicle or various doses of rosuvastatin (1, 5, or 20 mg/kg) by subcutaneous injection for 2 or 6 weeks prior to sacrifice. Endothelial adhesiveness for monocytes was determined by functional binding assay. The expressions of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 in the vessel wall were detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Endothelial adhesiveness for monocytes was significantly attenuated after 2 or 6 weeks treatments with 5 or 20 mg/kg rosuvastatin. Rosuvastatin also significantly reduced the expressions of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 in the vessel wall.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The anti-inflammatory effects of suvastatin might be responsible for attenuating the pathogenesis of atherogenesis in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice.</p>

Clinical observation of propofol combined with flurbiprofen axetil for induced abortion anesthesia / 中南大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To observe the effect of propofol combined with flurbiprofen axetil for abortion anesthesia.@*METHODS@#Eighty ASA I - II induced abortion patients were randomly divided into 4 groups. Group I was administrated 1 microg/kg with tramadol first, after 10 minutes with 2 mg/kg propofol. Group II was administrated with 1 mg/kg tramadol first, after 10 minutes with 2 mg/kg propofol. Group III was administrated flurbiprofen axetil 50 mg first, after 10 minutes 2 mg/kg propofol. Group IV was administrated propofol 2 mg/kg. The speed of intravenous injection of propofol was 100 mg/min in all groups. Induction time, recovery time, propofol dosage, HR, BP, SpO2, and side effect were recorded. The anesthesia effect was judged by operation doctors.@*RESULTS@#Propofol consumption and awaken time in Group IV was more than those of other groups. The number of patients in Group I with minimum value of SpO2 in the operation (85% - 90% or SpO2<85%) was higher than that of other groups (P<0.05). The number of patients in Group I and II with the tongue falling backwards during anesthesia, with post-anesthesia nausea and vomit was higher than that of other groups (P<0.05). Incidences of post-anesthesia excitement or delirium were higher than other groups. Fewer patients in Group IV showed a good level anesthesia effect than other groups. The post-operative hypogastric pain of VAS score (0 - 2) in Group III was better than others.@*CONCLUSION@#Propofol combined with flurbiprofen axetil gives more efficient anesthesia for induced abortion patients in gynecology department. It can not only have satisfactory anesthesia effect, but also decrease adverse effects and obtain better depression effects to the post-operative hypogastric pain.