Prevalencia de lactancia y factores sociodemográficos asociados en madres adolescentes / Breastfeeding prevalence and associated sociodemographic factors in teenagers

Introducción. Las adolescentes tienen menos probabilidad de iniciar y continuar la lactancia comparadas con madres adultas. Objetivo: determinar la prevalencia de lactancia, relación entre lactancia-factores sociodemográficos y causas de abandono. Métodos. Estudio de cohortes, longitudinal, analítico, muestra a conveniencia, realizado en el período de abril 2004 a enero 2006; se incluyeron madres adolescentes y sus recién nacidos con seguimiento a 6 meses. Se aplicaron medidas de tendencia central: χ² y exacta de Fisher. Resultados. Se incluyeron a 70 adolescentes. Con media de edad de 15 años, límite de 13-17 años. Factores sociodemográficos: solteras 51.4%, dedicadas al hogar 87.1%, dependencia económica por los padres 55.7%, y nivel socioeconómico bajo 81.4%. Al primer mes, lactancia exclusiva 65.7%, y al final del seguimiento, 38.6%. Conclusiones. La prevalencia de lactancia materna exclusiva fue de 38.6%. Los factores sociodemográficos no influyeron en la lactancia. La causa principal de abandono fue la baja producción.

Introduction. Teenagers have a lesser probability of initiating and continuing breastfeeding when compared with adult females. Objective: To determine the prevalence of breastfeeding, the relationship between breastfeeding and sociodemographic factors, and causes of abandonment of breastfeeding. Material. We conducted a longitudinal, analytic, cohort study of a convenience sample from April 2004 to January 2006 of teenager mothers and newborns who were followed up for 6 months, and performed central tendency measurement, and χ2, and Fisher’s exact tests. Results. Seventy teenagers were included; teenagers, with an average age of 15 years (range 13-27 years). Sociodemographic factors were as follows: single, 51.4% and homemakers, 87.1%; economic dependence on parents, 55.7%; low socioeconomic level, 81.4%; breastfeeding exclusively during the first month, 65.7%, and breastfeeding toward the end of follow-up, 38.6%. Conclusion. Prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding was 38.6%. Sociodemographic factors did not influence breastfeeding. Low milk production was the first breastfeeding abandonment cause.

Prevalencia y causas de abandono de lactancia materna en el alojamiento conjunto de una institución de tercer nivel de atención / The impact of rooming-in at the hospital on the prevalence and causes of abandonment of beast feeding

Introducción. La leche materna es la mejor alimentación para neonatos y lactantes. México tiene una tasa de lactancia exclusiva de 33.6%. Objetivo. Conocer la prevalencia de lactancia materna e identificar factores que favorecen su práctica y abandono. Material y métodos. Estudio prospectivo, de cohorte, analítico, en binomios madre-hijo con seguimiento de 6 meses. Se investigó: tipo de alimentación, motivos de abandono de lactancia materna exclusiva. Se aplicaron medidas de tendencia central: X², prueba exacta de Fisher y t de Student. Resultados. Completaron seguimiento 111; 75 (67.6%) con lactancia materna exclusiva, 32 (28.8%) con lactancia mixta, y 4 (3.6%) con sucedáneos. En el grupo con escolaridad de 0 a 6 años se encontró un riesgo relativo de 1.29, intervalo de confianza de 1.09, 1.84, P =0.11 (prueba exacta de Fisher). Conclusiones. Prevalencia de lactancia materna exclusiva: 67.6%. Causa de abandono: producción baja. Única variable significativa para lactar exclusivamente al seno materno y permanecer en el seguimiento: escolaridad 0 a 6 años.

Introduction. Breast milk is the best feeding source for newborns and infants. Mexico has a 33.6% rate of exclusively breastfeeding. Objective: to evaluate the impact of rooming in on the prevalence of breastfeeding and identify the elements that encourage its practice and abandonment. Material and methods. Prospective, cohort, analytical, study in mother-infant pair study with a 6 month follow-up. We analyzed the type of feeding, reasons for changing or abandoning breastfeeding; we applied: central tendency measurements, %², Fisher's exact and t of Student. Results. In 111 completed follow-up, 75 infants (67.6%) remained exclusively on breast milk, 32 (28.8%) mixed feeding and 4 (3.6%) with proprietary formulas. In the group with 0 to 6 years of schooling we found a RR: 1.29, IC: 1.01, 1.64, P =0.11 [Fisher's exact]. Conclusions. Prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding: 67.6%. Cause of abandonment: low milk production. The only significant variable, for lactating breast milk exclusively and remain in the follow-up was schooling 0 to 6 years.

Quiste broncogénico, diagnóstico prenatal / Bronchogenic cyst, prenatal diagnosis

Introducción. El quiste broncogénico es una estructura quística limitada por epitelio bronquial de incidencia desconocida, pocas veces diagnosticado en el período neonatal. Caso clínico. Feto con masa quística en hemitórax izquierdo arriba de la silueta cardiaca con sospecha diagnóstica de hernia diafragmática izquierda vs enfermedad adenomatoidea quística con base a ultrasonido prenatal. Al nacimiento, recién nacido femenino de término eutrófico, con peso de 3 030 g, talla 49 cm, calificación de Apgar de 8-9 en tiempos convencionales. La radiografía antero posterior y lateral de tórax confirmaron masa mediastinal izquierda, arriba de la silueta cardiaca, la tomografía axial computada corroboró la presencia de masa quística en mediastino hacia el lado izquierdo a nivel de T4 y T5. Se sometió a toracotomía izquierda para resección de quiste de 3 x 3 cm adherido a pared antero lateral izquierda de la tráquea, no tenía comunicación con ésta. El reporte histopatológico fue de quiste broncogénico. Se egresó al sexto día de vida, sin complicaciones. Conclusiones. El diagnóstico prenatal y la confirmación postnatal inmediata del quiste broncogénico permitió el tratamiento oportuno, lo que previene complicaciones pulmonares posteriores.

Introduction. The bronchogenic cyst is a cystic structure limited by bronchial epithelium the incidence is unknown and it is not very often diagnosed in the neonatal period. Case report. Fetus with cystic mass in the left hemithorax above the cardiac silhouette with suspicion of the left diaphragmatic hernia vs cystic adenomatoid disease based on prenatal ultrasound.At birth female eutrofic term newborn with birth weight of 3 030 g, length 49 cm, Apgar 8-9.The AP and lateral chest x ray confirmed a left mediastinal mass, above the cardiac silhouette, a CT scan confirmed the presence of a cystic mass in the left mediastinum at the level of T4 and T5.A left thoracotomia was performed to remove the 3 by 3 cm cyst adhered the left antherolateral wall of the trachea. There was no communication with it The histopathologic report was positive for a bronchogenic cyst.The patient was discharged on day 6 with no complications. Conclusions. The prenatal diagnosis and the immediate postnatal confirmation of the bronchogenic cyst allowed for a prompt treatment, preventing further complications.

Efecto de riesgo en el hijo de madre con edad avanzada (estudio de casos y controles) / Effect of risk on the child of an older mother (case-control study)

INTRODUCTION: During the last decades the number of births in women with 35 or more years of age has increased approximately 35-50. OBJECTIVE: To establish the neonatal morbidity associated with advanced maternal age, compared with mothers in the optimal reproductive stage. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is a retrospective case-control survey. In 1999 we revised 210 records from neonates and mothers with 35 or more years of age (cases) and 210 records of neonates and mothers with age between 18 and 34 years (controls). The variability significance was established with t-student, X2 and risk with the probabilistic risk ratio. RESULTS: There was a significant difference in the socioeconomic and educational level. Advanced maternal age predisposed 2.43 times indication for cesarean section, increased the risk for gestational diabetes (11.35), toxemia (4.11) and in its severe form (2 times). Miscarriage menace (5.65 times). Lower birth weight (p < 0.007) and wet lung syndrome were more frequent in the advanced age group (p < 0.02). Risk for hypoglycemia was 1.62. There was also an increase in the risk for Trisomy 21 (p < 0.05) with an OR of 4 in cases. Genetic service evaluated 35 patients in the maternal advanced age group with an OR of 35. CONCLUSIONS: Advance maternal age increases maternal morbidity and the risk for preterm delivery, low birth weight, asymptomatic hypoglycemia, wet lung syndrome and risk for chromosomopathies.