Double plating technique for fixing tibial plateau leveling osteotomy and modified cranial closing wedge ostectomy of the tibia in a dog with cranial cruciate ligament disease and excessive plateau angle: case report / [Técnica de placa dupla para fixação concomitante da osteotomia de nivelamento do platô tibial e ostectomia modificada em cunha de fechamento cranial da tíbia em um cão com doença do ligamento cruzado cranial e ângulo de platô tibial excessivo: relato de caso]

Tibial plateau leveling osteotomy (TPLO) associated to cranial wedge closing ostectomy (CCWO) has been one of the best options to manage cranial cruciate ligament (CCL) disease and excessive tibial plateau angle (TPA) in large dogs, however, the complication rate is potentially high. It is believed that a more robust fixation is necessary to stabilize them and decrease the risk of implant failure. A 6-year-old male American Pit Bull, weighing 36kg, with 90-day history of right hind limb lameness, was diagnosed with CCL disease. Due to the excessive tibial plateau angle (42°), TPLO was associated with a modified CCWO using a double plating technique. A final TPA of 12° was accomplished, and a restricted level of exercises and physiotherapy were recommended. The patient was followed monthly until the fifth month postoperatively, when radiographic bone consolidation and no lameness were observed. By the date of this submission, 3 years after the procedure, the owner has reported no complications. The double plating technique for fixing TPLO and modified CCWO proved to be effective for the treatment of CrCL deficiency in a large dog with an excessive TPA.(AU)

A osteotomia de nivelamento do platô tibial (TPLO) associada à ostectomia modificada em cunha de fechamento cranial da tíbia (CCWO) tem sido uma das melhores opções para tratamento de cães grandes com doença do ligamento cruzado cranial (DLCCr) e ângulo excessivo do platô tibial, mas o índice de complicações é alto. Acredita-se haver necessidade de fixação mais robusta para reduzir as chances de falha nos implantes. Um cão macho, seis anos, da raça American Pit Bull, 36kg, com histórico de claudicação em membro pélvico direito há 90 dias, foi diagnosticado com DLCCr. Devido ao ângulo excessivo do platô tibial (42°), a osteotomia de nivelamento do platô tibial foi associada à ostectomia modificada em cunha de fechamento cranial da tíbia (CCWO) por meio da técnica de placa dupla. No pós-operatório imediato, identificou-se TPA de 12°; exercícios controlados e fisioterapia foram recomendados e a evolução do quadro foi analisada mensalmente até o quinto mês pós-cirurgia. Com 150 dias de evolução, não houve alterações de locomoção e havia ocorrido completa consolidação radiográfica das osteotomias. Até o momento da submissão deste artigo, três anos pós-procedimento, o tutor relata ausência de complicações, via contato telefônico. Portanto, a técnica modificada mostrou-se eficaz no tratamento da DLCCr.(AU)

Expression Profiling Of Selected Micro Rnas Coupled With Molecular And Biochemical Analyses Of Asiaticosides In Centella Asiatica (L.)Urb In Vitro

Objective: Centella asiatica (L.) Urb from Umbelliferae is a potential source of secondary metabolites having immense medicinal value. Asiaticoside is the major therapeutic compound. In the present study, Identification of a possible relationship between concentration/transcript level expression of asiaticoside and concentrations of growth hormones at different growth stages was observed. The current study includes molecular and biochemical evaluation of stress generated in C. asiatica at different time intervals in vitro. Methods: The enhancement in auxin, cytokinin and final asiaticoside content were determined using immunoassay kits for auxin, cytokinin and HPLC analysis respectively. Transcript level expression at different growth phases was carried out using real-time RT-PCR. For isolation of stress-related miRNAs, reverse transcription of total RNA using miScript II RT Kit PCR System was carried out as per instructions. The differential expression of five selected miRNAs was done by Real-Time RT-PCR. The analysis of stress in vitro was done by quantification of Hydrogen Peroxide (H2O2), total phenolics and total antioxidants by H2O2 assay kit, total antioxidant assay kit and Folin Ciocalteau reagent respectively. The final asiaticoside content was determined by HPLC. Results: Differential expression of key genes involved in asiaticoside pathway showed significantly higher transcript expression, which is in correlation with the final asiaticoside content. The enhanced expression of miRNAs and the analysis of H2O2, total antioxidant capacity and total phenolics are suggestive of generation of oxidative stress under controlled conditions. Conclusion: The present study shows a direct correlation between oxidative stress and transcript/phytochemical estimation of asiaticoside content under in vitro conditions.

Comparação entre as medidas morfométricas de equinos Mangalarga Marchador de marcha batida e marcha picada / Comparison between the morphometric measures of Mangalarga Marchador horses of batida marcha and picada marcha

The present study aimed to compare the morphometric measurements of Mangalarga Marchador horses of batida and picada marcha. Twenty-two linear and eight angular measurements of 222 males (130 of batida marcha and 92 of picada marcha) and 266 females (168 of batida marcha and 98 picada marcha) were compared in a completely randomized design, consisting of two treatments: horses of batida and picada marcha. The results were submitted to analysis of variance and means were compared by Fisher test (P<0.05). It was concluded that most of the measures of Mangalarga Marchador horses of batida and picada marcha have similar values, however, there are differences between some angles of members...

Controle estatístico de processo aplicado ao monitoramento de envase da tintura de iodo / Statistical process control applied to used in monitoring the iodine tincture fill phase

A aplicação do controle estatístico para monitorar o desempenho da etapa de envase de formas farmacêuticas líquidas consiste em obter informações e estabelecer estratégias para a validação do processo, assim como possibilitar o gerenciamento deste a partir da percepção do comportamento das variáveis críticas do produto durante a produção. Esta etapa do processo possui como variável crítica o volume de envase. Variações neste parâmetro fora dos limites de qualidade pré-estabelecidos pela legislação refletem ineficiências durante o processo podendo ocasionar a reprovação do produto. Para demonstrar de forma objetiva o grau de segurança requerida para este tipo de processo foram utilizadas ferramentas do controle estatístico de processo (CEP) para estudar e validar o desempenho da etapa de envase da tintura de iodo fabricada pela indústria farmacêutica Lapon Química e Natural Ltda. (Limoeiro - PE, Brasil), bem como verificar a estabilidade estatística e capacidade do processo. As atividades de melhoria, através da identificação e eliminação das causas especiais de variação do processo, permitiram a redução de sua variabilidade, assegurando uma melhoria contínua da qualidade nos resultados da produção.

Statistical control is used to monitor the performance of the fill phase in the manufacture of liquid pharmaceutical forms, to obtain information and establish criteria for process validation, as well as to enable control of the process, by observing the behavior of the critical variables during production. The critical variable at this stage of the process is the filling volume. Variations in this parameter outside the established legal quality limits reflect inefficiency in the process that may result in product rejection. To demonstrate objectively the degree of security required in this type of process, statistical process control (SPC) tools were used to study and validate the performance of the fill phase in production of iodine tincture by the Pharmaceutical manufacturer Lapon Química e Natural Ltda. (Limoeiro - PE, Brazil), as well as to check the statistical stability and capacity of the process. Optimization of the process, by identifying and removing the specific causes of variation, led to a reduction in its variability, ensuring a continual improvement in the quality of production.

Sorologia para o vírus da língua azul em bovinos de corte, ovinos e veados campeiros no Pantanal sul-mato-grossense / Bluetongue virus serosurvey in beef cattle, sheep, and pampas deer from Brazilian Pantanal

This investigation was carried out in beef cattle (n=219), sheep (n=55), and pampas deer (Ozotoceros bezoarticus) (n=49) from Nhecolândia, sub region of Brazilian Pantanal in Mato Grosso do Sul State, Brazil. It was aimed to assess the seropositivity of these species to bluetongue virus (BTV) by agar gel immunodiffusion test. Seropositivity rates were 42.0% for cattle and 10.9% for sheep. The pampas deer showed to be all seronegative. In cattle, seropositivity to BTV significantly increased with age (P<0.001). These data, the favorable environmental conditions to development of BTV vectors, and the bovine reproductive disorders reported by farmers may indicate that BTV infection occurrs in herds of Brazilian Pantanal, and probably induces to economical losses.

Differential expression of E-cadherin gene in human neuroepithelial tumors

Cadherins are cell-to-cell adhesion molecules that play an important role in the establishment of adherent-type junctions by mediating calcium-dependent cellular interactions. The CDH1 gene encodes the transmembrane glycoprotein E-cadherin which is important in maintaining homophilic cell-cell adhesion in epithelial tissues. E-cadherin interacts with catenin proteins to maintain tissue architecture. Structural defects or loss of expression of E-cadherin have been reported as a common feature in several human cancer types. This study aimed to evaluate the expression of E-cadherin and their correlation with clinical features in microdissected brain tumor samples from 81 patients, divided into 62 astrocytic tumors grades I to IV and 19 medulloblastomas, and from 5 white matter non-neoplasic brain tissue samples. E-cadherin (CDH1) gene expression was analyzed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Mann-Whitney, Kruskal-Wallis, Kaplan-Meir, and log-rank tests were performed for statistical analyses. We observed a decrease in expression among pathological grades of neuroepithelial tumors. Non-neoplasic brain tissue showed a higher expression level of CDH1 gene than did neuroepithelial tumors. Expression of E-cadherin gene was higher in astrocytic than embryonal tumors (P = 0.0168). Low-grade malignancy astrocytomas (grades I-II) showed higher CDH1 expression than did high-grade malignancy astrocytomas (grades III-IV) and medulloblastomas (P < 0.0001). Non-neoplasic brain tissue showed a higher expression level of CDH1 gene than grade I malignancy astrocytomas, considered as benign tumors (P = 0.0473). These results suggest that a decrease in E-cadherin gene expression level in high-grade neuroepithelial tumors may be a hallmark of malignancy in dedifferentiated tumors and that it may be possibly correlated with their progression and dissemination.

Síntese e modelagem molecular do novo derivado indolinônico como candidato a antiinflamatório COX-2 seletivo / Synthesis and molecular modeling of a novel indolinone derivative as a candidate anti-inflammatory selectively inhibiting COX-2

Os fármacos antiinflamatórios são sabidamente os mais comercializados em todo o mundo, e apesar disto apresentam sérios efeitos colaterais, sobretudo no que se refere ao trato gastrintestinal. A descoberta de novos protótipos com atividade e segurança terapêutica melhoradas continua sendo uma busca constante. Com o adventoda química computacional torna-se mais fácil o estudo teórico do comportamento fisiológico de uma nova substância bem como a compreensão do possível mecanismo de ação destas novas moléculas. Assim, através de modelos matemáticos de moléculas e receptores estudou-se neste trabalho o composto I (1-(2,6- diclorofenil)indolin-2-ona) quanto à sua possibilidade deinibir seletivamente a isoforma COX-2 da enzima prostaglandina endoperóxido sintase (PGHS), e também as melhores posições para a introdução de grupamentos químicos e modificações moleculares.

Valor nutricional de híbridos de sorgo com capim-sudão em comparação ao de outros volumosos utilizados no período de baixa disponibilidade das pastagens / Nutritional value of sorghum-sudangrass hybrids compared to other roughage sources used in the period of low availability of pastures

The objective of this study was to compare the nutritional value of sorghum-sudangrass hybrids to roughages collected in differed pastures, reserves of forage for using in cutting regime and conserved forage as hays or silages. The sorghum-sudangrass hybrids AG2501C and BRS800 showed similar bromatological composition and in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD). Compared to other roughages, theses hybrids presented a higher protein level and intermediary values of cell wall contents. The coefficients of IVDMD observed for sorghum-sudangrass hybrids were not statistically different to the results of corn silage, elephantgrass and sugarcane managed in cutting regime. However, IVDMD of those hybrids was significantly higher than of coast-cross and tifton 85 hays, sorghum silage and differed pastures of Brachiaria brizantha and signal grass. The results indicated that sorghum-sudangrass hybrids may be used as roughage of high nutritional value during the drought.

Health in early adulthood: the contribution of the 1978/79 Ribeirão Preto birth cohort

The increase in non-communicable chronic diseases of adults is due to demographic changes and changes in the risk factors related to physical activity, smoking habits and nutrition. We describe the methodology for the evaluation of persons at 23/25 years of age of a cohort of individuals born in Ribeirão Preto in 1978/79. We present their socioeconomic characteristics and the profile of some risk factors for chronic diseases. A total of 2063 participants were evaluated by means of blood collection, standardized questionnaires, anthropometric and blood pressure measurements, and methacholine bronchoprovocation tests. The sexes were compared by the chi-square test, with alpha = 0.05. Obesity was similar among men and women (12.8 and 11.1 percent); overweight was almost double in men (30.3 vs 17.7 percent). Weight deficit was higher among women than among men (8.6 and 2.6 percent). Women were more sedentary and consumed less alcohol and tobacco. Dietary fat consumption was similar between sexes, with 63 percent consuming large amounts (30 to 39.9 g/day). Metabolic syndrome was twice more frequent among men than women (10.7 vs 4.8 percent), hypertension was six times more frequent (40.9 vs 6.4 percent); altered triglyceride (16.1 vs 9.8 percent) and LDL proportions (5.4 vs 2.7 percent) were also higher in men, while women had a higher percentage of low HDL (44.7 vs 39.5 percent). Asthma and bronchial hyper-responsiveness were 1.7 and 1.5 times more frequent, respectively, among women. The high prevalence of some risk factors for chronic diseases among young adults supports the need for investments in their prevention.

Potencial forrageiro de híbridos de sorgo com capim-sudão / Forage potential of sorghum sudangrass hybrids

Avaliou-se o comportamento forrageiro de 23 genótipos experimentais e dois cultivares controle (AG2501C e BRS800) de híbridos de sorgo (Sorghum bicolor cv. Bicolor) com capim-sudão (Sorghum bicolor cv. Sudanense), utilizados em regime de corte. O delineamento experimental foi de blocos ao acaso com três repetições por tratamento e a comparação das médias foi feita pelo teste de Scott-Knott. A produção de matéria verde colhida 57 dias após o plantio variou de 24,8 a 37,8 t/ha, e a produção de matéria seca de 3,5 a 5,8 t/ha, mas não houve diferença significativa entre híbridos. Houve grande variação quanto à relação folha/colmo, com diferença significativa entre os híbridos. A altura das plantas apresentou variações (P<0,05) entre híbridos e foi positivamente correlacionada (P<0,01) com as características de produção. A produtividade observada revela o potencial dos híbridos de sorgo com capim-sudão como alternativa para a produção de forragem. A diferença na relação colmo/folha pode servir como critério de seleção dos genótipos.

Potencial forrageiro de cultivares de girassol produzidos na safrinha para ensilagem / Forage potential of sunflower cultivars produced in double-cropping system for silage

Avaliaram-se algumas características agronômicas relevantes de 12 híbridos e uma variedade de girassol (Helianthus annuus L.), participantes do ensaio nacional de girassol, no ano agrícola 1996/97, destinados à produção de silagem. O experimento foi conduzido de fevereiro a junho, utilizando-se delineamento experimental de blocos ao acaso e comparação das médias pelo teste Student-Newman-Keuls. Foram obtidas diferenças significativas entre os híbridos para as produções de matéria verde e de matéria seca, porcentagens de folha, de caule e de capítulo, circunferência do caule próximo ao capítulo, porcentagem de plantas quebradas e altura das plantas. Não foram encontradas diferenças significativas para circunferência do caule próximo ao solo, diâmetro do capítulo e porcentagem de plantas acamadas. As características agronômicas avaliadas indicaram que alguns híbridos de girassol apresentam potencial para serem utilizadas como recurso forrageiro para a produção de silagem na safrinha, ou durante o período seco do ano

Association between EcoRI fragment-length polymorphism of the immunoglobulin lambda variable 8 (IGLV8) gene family with rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus

The human immunoglobulin lambda variable 8 (IGLV8) subgroup is a gene family containing three members, one of them included in a monomorphic 3.7-kb EcoRI genomic fragment located at the major lambda variable locus on chromosome 22q11.1 (gene IGLV8a, EMBL accession No. Z73650) at 100 percent frequency in the normal urban population. The second is a polymorphic RFLP allele included in a 6.0-kb EcoRI fragment at 10 percent frequency, and the third is located in a monomorphic 8.0-kb EcoRI fragment at 100 percent frequency, the last being translocated to chromosome 8q11.2 and considered to be an orphan gene. Our Southern blot-EcoRI-RFLP studies in normal individuals and in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) or with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), using a specific probe for the IGLV8 gene family (probe pVL8, EMBL accession No. X75424), have revealed the two monomorphic genomic fragments containing the IGLV8 genes, i.e., the 3.7-kb fragment from chromosome 22q11.1 and the 8.0-kb fragment from 8q11.2, both occurring at 100 percent frequency (103 normal individuals, 48 RA and 28 SLE patients analyzed), but absence of the 6.0-kb IGLV8 polymorphic RFLP allele in all RA or SLE patients. As expected, the frequency of the 6.0-kb allele among the normal individuals was 10 percent. These findings suggest an association between the absence of the 6.0-kb EcoRI fragment and rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus