[Antibiotic resistance pattern of E.coli isolated from urine culture in 660 army clinical laboratory center in Tehran 2008]

Urinary tract infections are the second most common type of body infection. E.coli is the most common cause of urinary tract infection both sex. For this descriptive study a total 4494 urine samples were examined during one year [2008-2009] in 660 Army Medical Laboratories. The urine cultures and Antibiogram profiles were performed by Kirby- Bauer method according to NCCLS standards. Data analyzed by SPSS software ver. 16. A total of 4494 urine samples were analyzed that out of each 456 samples were showed the significance growth. The most frequently detected gram negative bacterium was E.coli in 257 cases [10.1%]. The most antibiotic resistance rates of E.coli detected from urine culture were to Ampicillin, Co-trimoxazol and Gentamycine with 80%, 37%, 27.7% frequencies respectively. Furthermore, Norofoloxazin and Nitroforantoin had the highest sensitivity 89.6% and 89% respectively. Present findings demonstrated the significance of resistance E.coli that was detected from urine culture to various group of antibiotic drugs caused by the irregular use of antibiotics

frequency of cerebral microembolism in acute myocardial infarction

Stroke is more common in patients with cerebral microembolisms. Frequency of cerebral microembolisms [high intensity transient signals, HITS] in acute myocardial infarction has been reported about 17%. The factors that influence on microembolism after myocardial infarction [MI] are not definitive. Type of MI, Ejection fraction, Hx of Streptokinase is the factors that were studied. During three years we studied the frequency of cerebral microembolisms in AMI patients, we studied forty patients with microembolism as a case group and ninety patients without microembolism as a control group. We detected microembolism in patients by transcranial doppler study within 72 houre after myocardial infarction. Two-dimensional echocardiogram was performed for all patients during hospitalization. Excluding criteria were prosthetic heart valves, carotid stenosis >50% and poor window for TCD monitoring. number of patients who had history of receiving SK were significantly more common in case group in comparison to control group. OR 2.4 CI [1.1-5.2]. The frequency was more prevalent in anterolateral MI in comparison to inferior MI.OR=3.3 CI [1.4-7.4]. Ejection fraction has no significant effect on frequency of microembolism. OR 0.5 CI [0.2-1.3]. Hypokinesia is also a risk factor for increasing risk of microembolism. OR 4.5 CI [1.4.13.8] frequency of microembolism has been increased in patients with history of streptokinase or in the type of Anterolateral MI or wall motion abnormality, so we should be careful for risk of microembolism in this groups

Epidemiological evaluation of transfusion transmitted diseases in Ardabil in Tasoua and Ashoura 1381[2003]

Transfusion transmitted diseases [TTD] are of great concern because of their high mortality and morbidity rate among blood recipients; HBV, HCV and HIV are of the infectious agents playing an important role in this regard. A cross-sectional study was conducted for estimation of TTD among blood donors in Tasoua and Ashoura [2003] in Moharram month that is a religious month for Muslims, especially Shiites, and for evaluation of the motivation of 441 donors for blood donation. To this end, a questionnaire including 51 questions were prepared to be filled out by donors. HBsAg positive and HCV Ab positive prevalence rates were respectively 1.4 and 0.2%. Majority of donors have religious motivation [92%] but a minority cut their heads with dagger as a religious practice. 83% of HBsAg positive donors had a history of blood donation in the past. Because common daggers may be used among religious people, probability of TTD can be high in these groups. Majority of HBsAg positive donors had a history of blood donation in the past and for an unknown reason probability of TTD in repeat donors was higher than first time donors. The prevalence of HBsAg positive and HCVAb positive in ordinary blood donors in Ardabil Blood Transfusion Center is lower than their prevalence rate in Tasoua and Ashoura donors

Human mutations and their detection by gene and linkage analysis, allele sharing and association methods

It has been 20 years since DNA analysis was first used in the detection of sickle-cell anaemia. Here, techniques for detecting human mutations are reviewed. We describe direct detection of mutations using restriction enzyme analysis and polymerase chain reaction amplification to detect gene deletions, rearrangements and point mutations. Indirect detection of mutations include the use of DNA polymorphisms in linkage analysis

Influence of capsaicin on drug absorption and transport across biological membranes II Effect on gastrointestinal absorption of sulfamethazine sodium in rats

The gastrointestinal absorption of sulfamethazine sodium in rats was studied in presence and in absence of capsaicin. The absorption was evaluated by the pharmacokinetic analysis of the plasma levels of sulfamethazine following its oral administration. Capsaicin was found to increase the rate constant of absorption and the AUC of the plasma levels versus time, without changing the rate constant of elimination

Effect of capsaicin on bleeding time in rats

The effect of single doses of capsaicin on the bleeding time was studied in unanaesthetized rats. The obtained results show that capsaicin prolongs the bleeding time significantly. Results are discussed in view of the possible consequences of the observed effects

Effect of insulin on the buccal absorption of sulfathiazole sodium

The effect of insulin on absorption of sulfathiazole from the buccal cavity was studied in volunteers of both sex. Insulin was shown to increase the amount absorbed, and to change significantly the rate constant of absorption [Ka] and the half life of the fraction remaining of sulfathiazole in the buccal cavity [t ']. The obtained results are in agreement with previously done works on laboratory animals. The results illustrate the usefulness of the buccal absorption model for studies on drug interaction during absorption

Effect of capsaicin on mixed function oxidases - an in vitro study

The effect of capsaicin on mixed function oxidases was studied by use of liver homogenates of adult female rats. Hydroxylation of biphenyl was taken as the assay system. Capsaicin was found to produce a prominent concentration-dependent activation of the 4-hydroxylation reaction. The 2-hydroxylation reaction showed an inhibition in presence of capsaicin. The results indicate that capsaicin may interact with more than one form of cytochrome P. 450