Inhibitory effects of several essential oils towards salmonella typhimurium, salmonella paratyphi A and salmonella paratyphi B

Plant essential oils are natural products extracted from plants and because of their antimicrobial properties can be used as natural additives in foods. They are also useful for decontamination of food-borne pathogens and can be a safe additive in foods. The antimicrobial activities of essential oils belonging to Saturiea hortensis, Thymus vulgaris, Mentha polegium, Cuminum cyminum, Lavandula officinalis and Mentha viridis L. [spearmint] were investigated at different concentrations [0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 1, 2, 5 and 10%v/v] against Salmonella typhimurium, Salmonella paratyphi A and Salmonella paratyphi B by using the agar well diffusion method. Essential oils showed inhibitory effect on Salmonella spp. in the agar well diffusion assay. In addition, the capability of essential oils for decontamination of minced row beef, ground beef, minced raw chicken and minced raw fish inoculated with Salmonella spp. at 0.1 and 0.5%v/v were assessed. Reduction of the Salmonella spp. population was observed following the inoculation of the cultures with 0.1 and 0.5%v/v essential oils

[Effects of different types of isokinetic contraction on hemodynamic parameters in men]

The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of different types of isokinetic contractions on hemodynamic parameters in men. Ten healthy male subjects [age, 26.1 +/- 3.4 years] in three separate sessions performed three exercise protocols included Concentric/Concentric [C/C], Eccentric/Eccentric [E/E] and Concentric/Eccentric [C/E] contractions [flexion and extension] in the knee joint. In each session subjects performed 4 sets, 10 repetitions, at the speed of 60 degree per second. Hemodynamic parameters [heart rate, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, mean arterial blood pressure and rate of pressure product] were measured before exercise, immediately after exercise and after 30 min recovery. Data were analyzed using two- way repeated measures of ANOVA. Statistical analysis of data showed significant increases in heart rate, systolic blood pressure [P<0.001], mean arterial blood pressure [P=0.053] and rate of pressure product [P<0.001] during exercise and significant reductions in these parameters in recovery period. Rate of perceived exertion [RPE] was significantly different among the contraction protocols [F[2,34]=15.5] and post-hoc test showed that RPE was lower in E/E protocol than the other two protocols. Hemodynamic parameters change in response to different muscular contractions, though these changes are not related to contraction type

[Dyslipidemia and it's relation with smoking in Tehran]

Dyslipidemia and smoking are among the most important medical problems in human society. Their share in the mortality of coronary heart disease [CHD] has led to multiple investigations about them. This study was done to determine the prevalence of dyslipidemia and the effect of cigarette usage on it. This epidemiological cross-sectional study was carried out on 9632 persons selected randomly in Tehran urban with a minimum age of 20 years and over. We measured fasting blood sugar, blood sugar 2 hours after 75 grams oral glucose, triglyceride, total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol. Degree of physical activity was registered according to Lipid Research Clinics classification. Anthropometrics data, social condition, family history and smoking exactly delineated. Our patients were divided into: those having normal lipid profile and primary dyslipidemia [without any risk factor for dyslipidemia] and secondary dyslipidemia [having one or more risk factors such as diabetes mellitus]. ANOVA, t.test, and logistic were used to analyze the level of significance. Our population sample consisted of 5619 female and 4013 male. 68.5% of our cases had dyslipidemia. 65.8% of females and 72.3% of males had at least one type of dyslipidemia. There were 1085 smokers [11.4%] that 73.2% of them were dyslipidemic. With comparing smokers to nonsmokers shows that in smokers HDL.cholesterol, LDL.cholesterol and total cholesterol had decreased and triglyceride increased [p<0.05]. Tehran population suffers from dyslipidemia. Large number of secondary dyslipidemia and smoking highlighted the importance of education to overcome to these preventable and modifiable factors