ABSTRACT
Today, chlorine is the most common material used for effluent disinfection. Chlorination is an established and effective method for effluent disinfection. But the use of chlorine for disinfection of effluent due to several major concerns should be reassessed. The aim of this study was to compare long-term benefits and costs of chlorination/de chlorination with those of UV by pilot studies. This pilot study consisted of pre-treatment units clarification and filtration systems with two types of low pressure and medium pressure UV lamps designed and installed at the wastewater treatment plant in the north of Isfahan. Medium pressure UV systems with dose of 230 mw.s/cm2 for disinfection of filtered effluent with SOR of 1090 lit/m2.hr is more economical than a low pressure system and chlorination/dechlorination process and has the least environmental and health adverse effects. In wastewater treatment plants use of UV disinfection technology should be considered in preference to chlorination, especially if the dechlorination of chlorinated effluent is required. Before application of this system pilot studies on actual effluent at plant sites are required
ABSTRACT
Introduction: Oral cancer is one of the main hygienic problems in many countries of the world. Its prevalence in various places of the world is different and like any other disease for better understanding is necessary to understand about this diseases distribution in different parts of Iran
Objective: Determine the frequency of related factors of oral cancer in Patients who suffered from oral cancer in Guilan province in years 1996-2004
Materials and Methods: In this retrospective study we were collected oral cancer information from cancer registry center of Guilan and oral and maxillofacial surgery offices
Results: Among total samples were found 306 cases of oral Cancer which 186 patients [60.8%] were male and 120 patients [39.2%] were female. Rate of males to females were 1.55 to 1 and mean age of patients were [57.7 +/- 15.65years]. The most age incidence of suffering mouth cancer was in the 7th decades of life. In pathology, the squamus cell carcinoma with 205 cases [67%] was the most common malignant one. The second rank belonged to lymphoma with 27 cases [8.8%]. Adenocarcinoma and mucoepidermoid carcinoma, with 12 cases [3.9%] were in third place of incidence. Tongue with 53 cases [17.3%], lower lip with 35 cases [11.4%] and finally tonsil with 29 cases [9.48%], were in 1[st], 2[nd] and 3[rd] rank in incidence of malignant part of body
Conclusion: Most of the findings in this study were similar to previous studies. We need more accurate statistics to recognize the risk factors of suffering mouth cancer in various regions of country, which required integrated system of cancer registering
ABSTRACT
By Progress in new industry and technology and related problems psychic disease and disorders had much increased the same as somatic disorders. While psychic health of students is of grate importance it is necessary to consider and study their emotional and psychic problems. This study is a cross-sectional analysis which was done an first and last grade students of Amol Nursing Department [85 people]. The data collection was through questionnaire including the following parameters: age, marital status, studying grade, residence status, family's address, studying status, general health questionnaire include 28 questions [GHQ-28]. Results obtained from analysis of student's answers to test GHQ-28 showed that 30.6 percent [26 people] of all students had psychic disorders, witch 65.4 percent [17 people] were last grade, and 34.6 percent [9 people] were first grade students. The percentage of last grade students was higher on somatic disorders, depression and anxiety. The so called students showed high percentage of disorders mentioned above[p<0.05]. Studying nursing can result in disorder in one's confrontational mechanisms and appearance of neurosis or psychosis in students because of nature of their major and longtime psychic stress. Various studies showed that psychic health system universities are efficient in decreasing psycho-social problems and disorders in students
ABSTRACT
Autoimmune hepatitis [AIM] is a self-perpetuating hepatocellular inflammation of unknown cause. It is characterized by the presence of interface hepatitis on histologic examination, hyper gammaglobulinemia, and autoantibodies in serum. This study was performed to determine clinical and laboratory profile of AIH in Iran. The medical records of patients with AIM from 4 gastroenterology clinics in Tehran were retrospectively reviewed from September 1988 to May 2003. Forty-six patients with AIM whose medical records were complete were selected for final review. Of the 46 patients, 38 [82%] were female. The median age at presentation was 24 years. All patients fell into the category of AIM type-I. Seventeen percent had associated autoimmune diseases with diabetes type-I and autoimmune hemolytic disease being more common. The onset was acute in 5% and chronic in 87% with the remaining 8% being asymptomatic. The most common symptoms were icterus [59%] and fatigue [33%] and the most common signs were splenomegaly [33%] and hepatomegaly [30%]. In all cases, HBV and HCV serum markers were negative and serum levels of ferritin and copper were within normal limits. High serum levels of AST, total billirubin and alkaline phosphatase were detected in 93%, 39% and 74%, respectively while hyper gammaglobulinemia was found in 67%. SMA, ANA, PANCA and A MA were positive in 50%, 37%, 4% and 13%, respectively. AIH type-I is more common in Iran than in the United States and Europe and other types are seen rarely. Younger age at presentation, less frequent acute onset disease and lower rate of autoantibody positivity and hyper gammaglobulinemia may merit attention
ABSTRACT
In this study, 60 heroin and opium addicts within an age range of 20-35 years with an addiction period of 1 year and free from syphilis hepatitis and AIDS were selected. A blood sample was obtained on the day of apprehension and another 45 days after rehabilitation. In the plasma obtained from these specimens, the activity of the complement system [CH50 test], concentration of the some of the components of this system and serum immunoglobulins were analyzed by the Single Radial Immuno Diffusion method and matched with 40 control subjects. CH50 in addicts were normal but showed a significant increase after rehabilitation. The level of C3 in addicts was lower than normal but reached normal after rehabilitation. The level of C4 was normal in both the stages. C5 and C1q showed significant increase in comparison with normal controls; and remained at that level after rehabilitation. The total protein concentration was higher than the normal group which returned to normal range after rehabilitation. Serum IgM concentration was higher than normal in both stages. There was no significant difference between IgG and IgA serum concentrations in comparison to normal sera at both stages, but serum IgE was higher than normal before rehabilitation which returned to normal ranges after rehabilitation
ABSTRACT
Studies of interaction between the immune complex [IC] of DNA and anti - DNA antibody and mouse peritoneal macrophages are continued in this report with emphasis upon the effect of serum and various serum components. It was found that 10 human, mouse, and dog sera substantially inhibited the binding of IC. Guinea pig serum had much less of such an inhibitory effect. Heating at 56°C for 30 minutes removed much of the inhibitory effect of the mouse and dog sera but not of the human sera. Deaggregated IgG derived from these animals at the concentration of 1280 .micro g/ml inhibited IC binding by macrophages. The extent of the inhibition of IC by IgG varied with the source of the IgG; mouse IgG as low as 80 microg /ml had inhibitory activity, guinea pig and dog IgG was not inhibitory below 1280 microg/ml. In this assay system, the differences in the inhibition of IC binding in the presence of IgG of various species may indicate the affinity and avidity differences of Fc receptors toward the species IgG