[Effects of family based education programs on body mass index of overweight and obese children: an intervention based on the social-cognitive theory]

Introduction: Overweight and obesity in children has been documented to be major health problem. This study is the educational intervention of child`s parents according to the social cognitive theory [SCT] for their body mass index [bmi] decrease in overweight and obese children of pre-elementary grade in Zarrinshahr

Materials and Methods: This quasi-experimental study was conducted on mothers with overweight and obese pre-elementary school children, residents of Zarrinshahr town in 2015. Mothers were divided randomly into the intervention and control groups [n=45 each]. For the intervention group [children and parents], an educational program was designed, based on the SCT and presented in 4 sessions. Data were collected by a researcher made questionnaire, including demographic information, the structures of SCT, and height and weight measurement tools, both before [baseline] and 5 months after the educational intervention. Data were analyzed by Mann-Whitney, Chi-square test, analysis of covariance and the independent t-test

Results: Five months after educational intervention, mean scores of all structures of SCT, including self-efficiency, outcome expectations, self-regulation and social support of the intervention group showed a meaningful increase [P<0.001] in comparison with the control group. Physical activity of children in the intervention group also had a meaningful increase in comparison with controls. Use of social media, sweetmeats, salty snacks and sweet drinks after intervention showed no significant increase. In children, BMI showed a significant difference, compared to the pre-intervention assessment [P<0.05]

Conclusion: Results of the present study, showed that the social-cognitive theory can be used cautiously in related studies of children affected to by overweight

[Relationship of body mass index with psychological characteristics [on mmpi-2] in obese patients]

Obesity is an illness with destructive effects on health. Although psychological factors are important in the development of obesity, there is a little information about such factors because of limited data about psychological aspects of obesity in our society. To assess them in obese individuals. This research is carried out with 113 obese [94 women, 19 men] people in nutrition clinic of Rasht, northern Iran. They were selected based on Body Mass I ndex [BMI>25 kg/m[2]]. The instrument used was Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory [MMPI- 2]. Mean age of the samples was 31 years, and the range of BMI was 25/67 to 48/55. Data showed that scale hypochondriasis [Hs] in obese women and men, and scale psychasthenia [Pt] in men, are high. BMI was not correlated with the scales of MMPI-2. According to [MMPI-2] scales, the profile of obese men and women was normal. Since T scores in scales of Hs for obese women, and Hs and Pt scales in obese men were higher than 65, these cases are vulnerable for hypochondriasis and anxiety

Evaluation of validity and reliability of the quality of school life questionnaire in Mashhad schools

The Quality of School Life [QSL] is an issue that in the recent decade has got special attention for its influential role in student's life and it is defined as the level of quality of different aspects related to the student's life in school. Since students are future managers of the society, and spend most of their life time at school, identifying the factors that can threaten their life quality is very important and this requires an efficient instrument for precise evaluation. The aim of this study was to investigate psychometric characteristics of the Quality of School Life Questionnaire [Anderson and Brouck, 2000] in Iranian population. In this study, 331 students aged 11-16 years [115 girls/ 216 boys] were selected through multistage cluster sampling and Morgan table for sampling. Anderson and Brouck Quality of School life questionnaire was evaluated in regard to its construct validity [explanatory factor analysis and internal consistency], convergent validity, reliability [internal consistency] and Pearson correlation index in the studied group. Data were analyzed through SPSS. 18 software. In explanatory factor analysis, 5 factors [Opportunity, Adventure and Achievement, General Satisfaction, Negative Affect, Social integration and Quality of school life were extracted. The reliability of the mentioned factors was respectively 0.70,0.76,0.70,0.71,0.72 and 0.85 by calculating Cronbach's alpha. Considering the results of this study, the Quality of School Life Questionnaire has good validity and reliability, and can be used for evaluating Quality of School Life in Iranian Secondary school students

Antimicrobial resistance pattern of Gram-negative bacteria of nosocomial origin at a teaching hospital in the Islamic Republic of Iran

The emergence of antimicrobial resistance is a global problem in the community and in hospitals. Antibiotic resistance of Gram-negative bacteria from nosocomial infections were evaluated during a 6-month period at Shariati teaching hospital, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran. Susceptibility tests were performed on 570 Gram-negative isolates obtained from clinical samples of patients infected after at least 72 hours stay in the hospital. Escherichia coli was the most frequently isolated Gram-negative organism [42.6%]. The highest rate of resistance in Gram-negative isolates was seen in the intensive care unit, with Acinetobacter spp. as the most resistant organisms. Gentamicin was the most effective antibiotic against E. coli and all other isolates, while ciprofloxacin was also effective against a wide range of other species. Antibiotic resistant Gram-negative nosocomial infection is prevalent in this teaching hospital in Tehran

[Survey the quality of life in Guilan university students]

The Quality of Life [QOL] is the very important concept according to its mediating role in mental health in recent years. Because of the students are the future managers, investigating the QOL among them is important. Survey the QOL in Guilan University Students. In this descriptive and analytic study 226 students who were selected by multiple stage randomized cluster sampling completed WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire. Data was analyzed by t-test and pearson correlation. The Findings showed that 4% of students had very good QOL, 34% had good QOL, 51% had medium level of QOL and 11% of students had low level of QOL. There was a significant difference between some dimension of QOL [medicine, somatic pain, environmental health, social care, financial resources and negative affect]. According to the results, it suggested to measure and produce health-psychological services in various situations for improvement the level of quality of students life

[Preliminary study of obtaining H-reflex from opponens pollisis muscle in patients with fibromyalgia in comparison with controls]

Central hypersensitive syndrome is a group disorders with no paraclinic tests to be diagnosed and Fibromyalgia is at top of them. Goal of this study is not only application of opponens pollicis H-Reflex recording as auxiliary paraclinic test for of Fibromyalgia although emphasis on hypercentralization as its probable cause. In this case-control study 30 patients of Fibromyalgia was referred to Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation of Emam reaza and Milad Hospital and 30 healthy subjects were investigated for obtaining H-Reflex of opponens pollicis muscles. Other measure parameters include: Intensity of stimulation and amplitude of H-Reflex. H-Reflex obtaining of opponens pollicis in patients suffer from Fibromyalgia was significant [P-value>0.05]. Besides intensity of stimulation is significantly lower in Fibromyalgia but amplitude comparison of both groups did not show significant change. H-reflex recording opponens pollicis is possible in patients of Fibromyalgia

[ report about a rare case of tail gut cyst [TGC] in a 90- year-old man with sacrum ulceration]

Tail gut cyst [TGC] is a non common cystic lesion with post anal origin which is occurred in retro rectal region. In this article we studied a 90-year-old man with a tail gut cyst who presented with post sacral ulcer. The patient did not cooperate well with taking history. For further evaluations the patient underwent surgical treatment for detriment and the region was drained off and repaired. At operation retro rectal cystic mass was excised for pathologic studies. Although the incidence of malignancy in TGC is extremely rare, it should be considered in differential diagnosis of retro rectal tumors especially in middle-aged women

[Outcomes of goniotomy in primary congenital glaucoma]

To report the outcomes of goniotomy in young children with primary congenital glaucoma. This retrospective study included 26 eyes of 19 patients with primary congenital glaucoma who underwent goniotomy as the initial procedure. All patients were aged less than 3 years and had no history of previous ocular surgery. The main outcome measures were intraocular pressure [IOP], cup/disc [C/D] ratio, corneal diameter, success rate and complications. Surgical success was defined as IOP less than 20 mmHg [with or without medications] without progression of disc cupping or increase in corneal diameter. Mean age at the time of diagnosis was 10.5 +/- 12.2 [range 0-36, median 7.5] months. Mean follow-up period was 19.3 +/- 18.3 [range 2-62, median 12] months. Preoperatively, 20 eyes [76.9%] had corneal edema. Mean corneal diameter was 13.60 +/- 0.99 mm [range 12-16 mm] preoperatively which reached 13.98 +/- 1.08 mm [range 12-16 mm] at last follow-up [P=0.174]. Mean IOP was 27.74 +/- 6.07 [range 17-44] mmHg pre-operatively which decreased to 24.44 +/- 7.88 [range 11-40] mmHg at final follow-up [P=0.048]. Surgical success after the first goniotomy was 34.6%. The age of onset, level of IOP, C/D ratio, corneal clarity and corneal diameter did not significantly affect the surgical outcome. There was small hyphema in all patients postoperatively, which resolved rapidly in all except one who required surgical evacuation. Goniotomy is a safe and relatively effective procedure in young children with primary congenital glaucoma, but the success rate was low in our study; which can be attributed to the greater severity of the disease

Angiomyolipoma with omental involvement in a 35 year old woman: a case report

A 35-year woman, from Zahedan, was admitted to Shaheed Sadoughi hospital for abdominal pain. She was suffering from a sudden left flank pain during 3 weeks ago and bloody stool from two days before reffering to the hospital. After performing paraclinical evaluations, including routine laboratory exams, plain abdominal radiography and CT scan, she underwent left radical nephrectomy with the diagnosis of a retropritoneal mass. Pathologic studies found renal angiomyolipoma with involvement of omentum. As we didn't find a similar case in the search of medical databases, it seems that this is the first report of renal angiomyolipoma with involvement of omentum to our knowledge

[Diagnostic value of sonography in discriminating benign from malignant liver space occupying lesions]

Sonography is a non-invasive, well stablished and low complication technique, which renders the determination of benign and malignant focal liver masses. In this study, diagnostic value of sonography in discriminating liver space occupying lesions and its related factors was evaluated and compared with clinical and pathological results. In this descriptive and diagnostic study, 102 patients with hepatic tumor admitted in Shaheed Sadoughi hospital in Yazd between March 2001 and April 2004 were studied. Patients' age, sex, clinical diagnosis, and pathologic and sonographic results were entered in a questionnaire. Data were analyzed by SPSS software with chi-square and Fisher exact tests. 102 patients with mean age of 52 +/- 18.7 years [range: 4 months- 87 years] were studied. 54 [53%] were male and 48 [47%] female. Of 102 liver mass, Sonography detected 36 benign and 66 malignant tumors, while clinical diagnosis reported 42 benign and 6n malignant tumors. Of 64 malignant tumors diagnosed by pathologic studies, sonography reported 51 malignant and 13 benign tumors. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and accuracy of sonography in discriminating benign and malignant liver masses were 79.69%, 60.53%, 77.27%, 63.89 and 75.56%, respectively. Regarding the high sensitivity and accuracy of sonography in discriminating benign from malignant liver masses, it can be helpful for evaluation of hepatic tumors. However, sonographic results should confirm by pathologic studies

[Surveying depression in asthmatic patients referred to Shohadaye Kargar hospital in Yazd]

Depression is one the most common mental disorders that has different symptoms such as non-stimulation, sleeping disorders, retirement and social function decreasing. It may occur in patients with chronic diseases, cancer, and asthma. The main purpose of the present study was to determine the relation between asthma and depression. For this cross-sectional study asthmatic patients referred to Shohadaye Kargar hospital in Yazd in 2006 were enrolled. Having completed the informed consent, demographic data, history of asthma and depression test of Beck [13 questions] were inquired. Totally, 330 asthmatic patients [54% male and 46% female] were studied with a mean age of 54/5 +/- 15/5 years [range, 20-88 years]. Asthmatic patients had depression more frequently than general population in Yazd [79% vs. 34%, p<0.0001]. Educated subjects were more commonly affected [twice the illiterate, p<0.05]. Meanwhile, risk of depression showed statistically significant association with age and history of asthma. Depression in more prevalent among asthmatic patients in Yazd, when compared with general population. Therefore, early treatment of asthma can cease depression

[ survey of etiology of intestinal obstruction in a pediatric surgery center in Tehran]

Intestinal obstruction is a common cause of abdominal surgery in pediatric age group. A delay in diagnosis and treatment of this disease can lead to serious complications. This study has been conducted to evaluate different causes of intestinal obstruction. 231 children were operated on intestinal obstruction. Prior to surgery all patients underwent a labarotory examination consisting of CBC, abdominal X'ray and, if necessary, gastrointestinal [GI] study with contrast media or CT-Scan and sonography. Final diagnosis was reached by surgical findings. 231 children were operated due to intestinal obstruction. Among these, 128 cases, [55.4%] were male and 103 cases [44.6%] were female. The causes of intestinal obstruction were: Incarcerated hernia in 41 cases [17.7%], GI atresia in 38 cases [16.4%], malrotation in 32 cases [13.8%], anorectal malformation in 29 cases [12.5%] and benign or malignant masses inside or outside GI tract in 28 cases [12.1%]. The most common causes of intestinal obstruction were: incarcerated hernia, GI atresia and malrotation