Assessment of Computer Assisted Amphibian Lab

Computer-Aided Amphibian Laboratory (CAAL) means that experiments can be teached any time the computer is accessible; no laboratory technical help is required to set up the lab. The learning potential using computer simulation is tremendous. The Computer Assisted Amphibian Lab (CAAL) has the technology, classes and knowledgeable staff to help students in our Developmental Education. Various Software programs sharpen their skills. Various videos related to frog dissection and rabbit gut experiments provide a better understanding of experiments. Many medical institutes have shifted to techniques which minimize sacrifice of animals. MCI has given liberal permission to use these programs and has also invited faculty to build such programs for future use. OBJECTIVES:- The objectives of this study were to assess the benefits of computer assisted learning in amphibian lab and to compare the computer assisted teaching with other teaching methodologies. Methods: Total 70 students of MBBS from Glocal Medical College, Glocal University, Saharanpur were provided a self made questionnaire regarding the feedback about Computer Assisted Amphibian Lab. All students were taken from MBBS second prof. batch 2016. Questionnaire consisted of 10 questions out of which 9 were according to Likert scale and one multiple choice question. Data was analysed manually. Results: 1) When asked about the most beneficial method for teaching in CAAL lab; 36.45% students answered that they prefer online videos related to experiment shown on computer via website. 27% students answered that they prefer chalk and talk while 25% students preferred Computer assisted learning with predesigned softwares and only 9.37% students preferred teaching with powerpoint presentation. Conclusion: CAAL is a better alternative than mere teaching in the absence of animal experiments.

Effect of Septoplasty on Mean Platelet Volume in Patients of Deviated Nasal Septum.

Background: Mean platelet volume corresponds to average size of platelets and studies proved that large platelets are enzymatically and metabolically more active and have prothrombotic potential. Chronic upper airway like marked nasal septal deviation leads to higher Mean platelet volume and vice versa septoplasty operation lowers the volume of the platelets over a period of time and hence reduces other associated comorbidities. Objectives: This study was done with an aim to analyze the effect of Septoplasty on Mean Platelet Volume Levels in patients with Marked Nasal Septal Deviation. Methods: A prospective study was done in a total of 50 patients who were selected from ENT OPD and ENT Ward of Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College and Hospital, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh after proper history and examination. Results: Data obtained from preoperative and postoperative blood investigation were analysed using paired t-test and it was statistically proved that after Septoplasty, Mean Platelet Volume was significantly lowered in patients who had Marked Nasal Septal Deviation. Conclusion: Septoplasty plays an important role in reducing the MPV value in cases with Marked nasal septal deviation and thus other comorbid conditions can be prevented by doing septoplasty in these patients.

Prevalence of intestinal parasitoses in urban and rural children of a developing country

Objective:To compare intestinal parasitoses between urban and rural children in developing countries and its related factors. Methods:Children of 1-6 years old in the urban and rural areas who had not taken antihelmenthic drugs in the last 6 months were randomly selected. Various factors were taken as variables in a preformed questionnaire. Results:Among the total 52 children, 24 were in urban and 28 were in rural group. Male/female ratio of the rural group was 1:1 and that of the urban group was 1.4:1. Average income was 12 000 taka and 4 000 taka per month in urban and rural areas, respectively. None of the rural group used sanitary latrine, whereas every one in urban group used sanitary latrine. Majority (71%) of the mothers in rural group were below the primary level of education. Majority (75%) of fathers were educated above higher secondary level in urban group. In the rural group 18 (64%) fathers had not received any education. Enterobius vermicularis was observed only in 1 (4%) stool samples of urban children but in rural group it was found in 7 (25%) of the stool samples. Enterobius vermicularis was the main parasite isolated from both groups. Exclusive breast feeding practice of less than 6 months was observed in 20 (83%) children of urban group but in rural group that of less than one year was found in 22 (78%) children. Conclusions:Intestinal parasitic infestation is mostly found in rural children. Urban children almost have no intestinal parasitoses. It has the relation with the poor sanitation, low standard of living, less parental income and education, and early weaning. Unnecessary universal deworming of the urban and rural children in developing countries should be discouraged in order to use the money economically and effectively. It can be carried out in rural children and their living standard should be improved.

Prevalence of selected reproductive tract infections among pregnant women attending an urban maternal and childcare unit in Dhaka, Bangladesh.

A cross-sectional study was conducted during May-December 2000 among pregnant women attending an urban maternal and childcare-delivery unit in Dhaka, Bangladesh, to assess the prevalence of bacterial vaginosis, Trichomonas vaginalis, and syphilis. All pregnant women at 16-24 weeks gestation attending the clinic for antenatal check-up irrespective of symptoms were enrolled. Sociodemographic information and obstetric history were obtained from each enrolled subject. High vaginal swabs and serum samples were tested for bacterial vaginosis, and T. vaginalis and syphilis respectively. In total, 284 pregnant women were enrolled. Of them, 17.7% had bacterial vaginosis, 1.4% had Trichomonas infection, and 3% had syphilis. The prevalence of bacterial vaginosis was higher in women with low socioeconomic status.

Spontaneous ileal perforation: an experience of 33 cases

Intestinal perforation due to typhoid fever and tuberculosis is a frequently encountered surgical emergency in underdeveloped tropical countries. They have abrupt onset and a rapid down hill course. We want to share our experience in the management of this problem.This Prospective study included a total of 33 patients, including thirty [30] with typhoid and three [3] with tuberculous perforation. In typhoid with single perforation, simple repair was performed as a procedure of choice. In multiple perforations, friable gut and in tuberculous patients segmental resection of apparently diseased part, followed by primary end to end anastomosis was performed. The mean age of our patients was 26.27 years. The mean age of typhoid group was 26.8 years and that of tuberculous patients 25.67 years. Male 27 patients [81.82%] females 06 [18.18%]. Typhoid group: Male 25 patients [83.33%] female 5 patients [16.67%]. Tuberculous group: Male 2 patients [66.67%] female one patient [33.33%]. Five patients developed small gut fistulae, 07 wound dehiscence and 03 incisional herniae. The average hospital stay was 11.03 days. The average hospital stay of typhoid group [12.03 days] was significantly more [p <. 01] than tuberculous group [6.33 days]. Three patients died and the overall mortality was 9%. Intestinal perforations due to tuberculosis and typhoid have high morbidity and mortality

Comparison of plasma protein concentration and haematological parameters in type-1 and type-2 diabetics of short and long duration

Diabetes mellitus is the most common metabolic disorders, characterized primarily by relative or absolute insufficiency of insulin secretion and concomitant insensitivity or resistant to the metabolic action of insulin on target tissues leading to metabolic derangement. These metabolic derangements are translated into alteration in blood constituents, thus affecting the characteristic of blood. The purpose of this study was to evaluate hematological and biochemical parameters in blood of diabetics of short and long term duration. Hematocrit, ESR, serum sugar, fibrinogen, total serum protein, albumin, and globulin were determined in shortand long-term type-1 and type-2 diabetics, and in healthy control subjects. Hematocrit, ESR, serum sugar, fibrinogen, total serum protein, and albumin concentration of both short- and long-term type-1 diabetics were significantly greater than those of the non-diabetics controls. There were no significant differences between short- term type-2 diabetics and the controls in the parameters like hematocrit, ESR, fibrinogen and globulin. However, hematocrit, ESR, serum glucose, fibrinogen, total serum protein, and albumin of long-term type-2 diabetics were significantly elevated above those of the controls. Based on the reported association of these parameters with diabetic complications, our results suggest that there could be an earlier development of complications in type-1 than in type-2 diabetics

Coagulation changes in normal pregnancy

A study of coagulation screening tests [including Prothrombin time, Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time, Thrombin Time, Fibrinogen assay, F.D.P[s] levels in blood and Urine screening tests for fibrin monomers] performed in normal pregnant females is presented. Shortening of PT, APTT and Thrombin Time was observed. However, fibrinogen levels and platelet counts were within normal limits