Efficacy of Ocimum gratissimum essential oil against the monogenean Cichlidogyrus tilapiae gill parasite of Nile tilapia / Eficácia do óleo essencial de Ocimum gratissimum contra o monogenea Cichlidogyrus tilapiae parasita de brânquias de tilápia-do-nilo

The phythotherapy is an alternative to use of chemotherapeutical agents against monogenean infection. This study evaluated the anthelmintic activity of essential oil Ocimum gratissimum against monogenean Cichlidogyrus tilapiae as well as its acute toxicity in tilapia juveniles. The mean lethal concentration (LC50) and different concentrations of the essential oil, both in vitro and in vivo assays (short and long-term baths) were assessed. The LC50 was 40.70mg.L-1 and in the in vitro assay this concentration showed 80% efficacy at the last two hours and in the in vivo assay 65.87% efficacy in long-term bath. However, it provoked morphological alterations on the gills such as hyperplasia and edema. The parasites exposure at the highest concentration (320mg.L-1) showed 100% mortality after 2h exposure in the in vitro assay, whereas in the in vivo assay, short-term baths of 5min for 3 consecutive days showed an efficacy of 87.71% without gills damage. These results demonstrate the anthelminthic activity of essential oil O. gratissimum and the safety concentration to use in Nile tilapia.(AU)

A fitoterapia é uma alternativa ao uso de agentes químicos contra infecções por parasitos monogenéticos. Este estudo avaliou a atividade anti-helmíntica do óleo essencial Ocimum gratissimum contra o monogenea Cichlidogyrus tilapiae , bem como sua toxicidade aguda e histopatologia em juvenis de tilápias. Foram avaliadas a concentração letal média (CL50) e diferentes concentrações de óleo essencial, tanto in vitro como in vivo (banho de curta e longa duração). A CL50 foi de 40,70mg.L-1; no ensaio in vitro, essa concentração apresentou 80% de eficácia, e no ensaio in vivo 65,87% de eficácia em banho de exposição crônica. No entanto, provocou alterações morfológicas nas brânquias, como hiperplasia e edema. A exposição dos parasitas na concentração mais elevada (320mg.L-1) mostrou 100% de mortalidade após duas horas de exposição no ensaio in vitro, enquanto no ensaio in vivo, em banho de curta duração de cinco minutos, durante três dias consecutivos, apresentou uma eficácia de 87,71%, sem danos às brânquias. Esses resultados demonstraram a atividade anti-helmíntica do óleo essencial de O. gratissimum e a concentração de segurança para uso na tilápia-do-nilo em banhos de curta duração.(AU)

Percepción de la cultura de seguridad de pacientes en profesionales de una institución argentina / Perception on the culture of patient safety among professionals in an Argentinian health institution / Percepção da cultura de segurança de pacientes em profissionais de uma instituição argentina

Introducción: La cultura de seguridad en instituciones de salud es un tema que viene cobrando gran auge en muchos países desarrollados, e incluso también en algunos países de Latinoamérica. Sin embargo, en Argentina, los estudios sobre la cultura de la seguridad del paciente aún son incipientes. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la percepción de cultura de seguridad del paciente en los profesionales de la salud del Hospital Privado de Córdoba en el año 2015. Metodología: Para obtener información acerca de la percepción de cultura de seguridad se aplicó la versión española del instrumento Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture adaptado por el grupo de investigación en gestión de calidad de la Universidad de Murcia. La muestra la constituyeron 203 profesionales de la salud que se desempeñan en los servicios de internación (en las áreas clínico-asistenciales) del Hospital Privado de Córdoba. El análisis estadístico fue descriptivo, con medidas de frecuencia para las variables categóricas. Resultados: Las áreas de fortaleza identificadas correspondieron al aprendizaje organizacional/mejora continua y al trabajo en equipo en la unidad/servicio, mientras que la única dimensión evaluada como debilidad fue la referida a la dotación de personal. Conclusión: En términos prácticos de la gestión clínica, este trabajo permitió identificar áreas que indican qué se debe fortalecer dentro de la organización del hospital en materia de cultura de seguridad. En ese sentido, la percepción de que no hay personal suficiente cuando la carga de trabajo es excesiva interfiere para que se brinde atención de una manera óptima a los pacientes del hospital.

Introduction: Safety culture in health institutions is an issue which has been gaining greater importance in many developed countries, as well as in some Latin American countries, however, in Argentina, the studies on patient safety culture are still lacking. The objective of this study was to determine the perception of patient safety culture among health professionals in the Cordoba Private Hospital in 2015. Methodology: In order to obtain the related information, the Spanish version of the instrument Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture, adapted by a group of researchers on quality management from the University of Murcia, was applied on a 203 sample health professionals performing roles within the intern services area (clinical and assisting) in the Cordoba Private Hospital. The analysis included descriptive statistics with frequencies of the categorical variables. Results: The areas of strength corresponded to organizational learning/continuous improvement and teamwork in the unit and service; while the only dimension identified as a weakness was that on personnel allotment. Conclusion: This study allowed the identification of areas which need to be improved, in relation to the patient safety culture; in this sense, a perception was that there are not enough health professionals to address excessive workloads, a situation which interferes against the optimal attention of patients.

Introdução: A cultura de segurança de saúde é um tema que vem cobrando grande importância em muitos países desenvolvidos incluindo também alguns países de Latino América, porém na Argentina, os estudos de cultura de segurança de pacientes ainda são incipientes. O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar a percepção de cultura de segurança do paciente nos profissionais da saúde do Hospital Provado de Córdoba no ano 2015. Metodologia: Para obter informação acerca da percepção de cultura de segurança aplicou-se a versão espanhola do instrumento Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture adaptado pelo grupo de pesquisa em gestão de qualidade da Universidade de Murcia, a amostra constituiu-se por 203 profissionais de saúde que se desempenham nos serviços de hospitalização (nas áreas clínico assistenciais) do Hospital Privado de Córdoba. A análise estatística foi descritiva com medidas e frequência para variáveis categóricas. Resultados: As áreas de fortaleza identificadas corresponderam à aprendizagem organizacional/melhora contínua e ao trabalho em equipe na unidade/serviço, enquanto que a única dimensão avaliada como debilidade foi a referida à dotação de pessoal. Conclusão: Em termos práticos da gestão clínica, este trabalho permitiu identificar áreas que indicam o que se deve fortalecer dentro da organização do hospital em matéria de cultura de segurança, nesse sentido, a percepção de que não há pessoal suficiente quando a carga de trabalho é excessiva, interfere na atenção de uma maneira ótima aos pacientes do hospital.

Fuerza de prensión manual según edad, género y condición funcional en adultos mayores Chilenos entre 60 y 91 años / Association between handgrip strength and functional performance in Chilean older people

Background: Handgrip strength is an important predictor of functional performance among older adults. Aim: To measure handgrip strength in older adults and relate its values to their clinical functional assessment. Material and Methods: Handgrip strength was measured in 1047 older adults living in the community and aged 71.9 ± 7 years (740 and 307 females). The values obtained were grouped by age, gender and functional condition. The latter was assessed using a score validated in Chile (Functional Assessment of Older Adults or EFAM), that classifies participants as autonomous without risk, autonomous in risk and in risk of becoming non-autonomous. Results: In women, hand grip strength values were 17.4 ± 5.6 and 18.7 ± 5.7 kg for left and right hand; figures for men were 30.6 ± 7.8 and 31.8 ± 8.3 kg, respectively. According the functional assessment, the figures for autonomous without risk, autonomous with risk and with risk of becoming non-autonomous participants, were 23.5 ± 9.7, 21.8 ± 9.1 and 19.3 ± 8.2 respectively. Conclusions: There is an association between the degrees of functional performance of older people and handgrip strength.

Topographic and biometric study of radial nerve branches to the muscles of the anterior compartment of the arm / Estudio topográfico y biométrico de los ramos del nervio radial para los músculos del compartimiento anterior del brazo

The radial nerve is a terminal branch of the brachial plexus that innervates the entire posterior compartment of the upper limb. Researches have shown that the branches can contribute to innervation of the muscles from the anterior compartment of the arm. This study sought to identify branches of radial nerve for brachialis and coracobrachialis muscles and its clinical value during surgery. Dissection was performed in 60 arms, from 30 corpses selected from the Human Anatomy Laboratories of Universidade Estadual de Ciências da Saúde de Alagoas (UNCISAL). In each arm, three segments of the same proportion were considered (proximal, middle and distal) in order to observe the number of radial nerve branches to brachialis and coracobrachialis muscles. Branches were identified in 4 of the 60 upper limb (6.66%) with the following distribution: nerve with 1 branch to the brachialis muscle in the distal third (1.66%); with 1 branch to the middle third of the coracobrachialis (1.66%) and 5 branches to the coracobrachialis muscle in the proximal third; 1 branch being found in an upper limb (1.66 %) and 4 branches in the other upper limb (1.66 %). The event was not bilaterally in the same body, and in four cases there was no branching, but only communication with other terminal nerves of the brachial plexus. In conclusion, although most authors do not describe the possibility of the occurrence of radial nerve branches to the muscles of the anterior compartment of the arm, this condition exists as an anatomical variation.

El nervio radial es un ramo terminal del plexo braquial que inerva el compartimiento posterior del miembro superior. Diversos estudios han mostrado que sus ramos pueden contribuir a la inervación de los músculos del compartimiento anterior del brazo. El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo identificar ramos del nervio radial dirigidos a los músculos braquial y coracobraquial y su importancia clínica durante las cirugías. Para ello, se disecaron 60 brazos de 30 cuerpos formolizados en los Laboratorios de Anatomía Humana de la Universidad Estadual de Ciencias de la Salud de Alagoas, Brasil (UNCISAL). En cada brazo, se consideraron tres partes de similares proporciones (proximal, medio y distal) para localizar los ramos dirigidos a los músculos mencionados. En 4 de los 60 brazos (6,66%) se identificaron ramos con la siguiente distribución: un ramo para el músculo braquial en el tercio distal (1,66%); un ramo para el tercio medio del músculo coracobraquial (1,66%) y cinco ramos para este mismo músculo en su tercio proximal; en otro miembro (1,66%)se encontró solo un ramo y en la otra muestra (1,66%) se encontraron cuatro ramos. Ninguno de los casos fue bilateral y en los cuatro casos no había ninguna ramificación. No hubo comunicación con el nervio musculocutáneo pero si con otros ramos del plexo braquial. Aunque la mayoría de los autores no describe la posibilidad de que el nervio radial inerve a los músculos anteriores del brazo, esta disposición existe como una variación anatómica.

Contractile profile of esophageal and gastric fundus strips in experimental doxorubicin-induced esophageal atresia

Esophageal atresia (EA) is characterized by esophageal and gastric motility changes secondary to developmental and postsurgical damage. This study evaluated the in vitro contractile profile of the distal esophagus and gastric fundus in an experimental model of EA induced by doxorubicin (DOXO). Wistar pregnant rats received DOXO 2.2 mg/kg on the 8th and 9th gestational days. On day 21.5, fetuses were collected, sacrificed, and divided into groups: control, DOXO without EA (DOXO-EA), and DOXO with EA (DOXO+EA). Strips from the distal esophagus and gastric fundus were mounted on a wire myograph and isolated organ-bath system, respectively, and subjected to increasing concentrations of carbamylcholine chloride (carbachol, CCh). The isolated esophagus was also stimulated with increasing concentrations of KCl. In esophagus, the concentration-effect curves were reduced in response to CCh in the DOXO+EA and DOXO-EA groups compared to the control group (P<0.05). The maximum effect values (Emax) for DOXO+EA and DOXO-EA were significantly lower than control (P<0.05), but the half-maximal effective concentration (EC50) values were not significantly different when the three groups were compared (P>0.05). In response to KCl, the distal esophagus samples in the three groups were not statistically different with regard to Emax or EC50 values (P>0.05). No significant difference was noted for EC50 or Emax values in fundic strips stimulated with CCh (P>0.05). In conclusion, exposure of dams to DOXO during gestation inhibited the contractile behavior of esophageal strips from offspring in response to CCh but not KCl, regardless of EA induction. The gastric fundus of DOXO-exposed offspring did not have altered contractile responsiveness to cholinergic stimulation.

Cultivo de larvas de Ucides cordatus (LINNAEU, 1763) sob diferentes intensidades luminosas / Rearing of Ucides cordatus (LINNAEU, 1763) larvae under different light intensities

O caranguejo-uçá, Ucides cordatus, é uma espécie típica dos manguezais brasileiros e tem grande importância econômica para as populações litorâneas tradicionais. O presente trabalho investigou a influência da intensidade luminosa sobre a sobrevivência e a taxa de desenvolvimento larval de U. cordatus. Três intensidades luminosas foram avaliadas: claro - 710 lux, penumbra - 210 lux e escuro - 1 lux, em duas condições de cultivo, individual e coletivo. Houve diferenças significativas entre as taxas de sobrevivência das larvas zoea e as três intensidades luminosas avaliadas (p<0,05). As maiores taxas de ecdise para o estágio de megalopa foram obtidas no tratamento claro (42% nos cultivos coletivos e 30% nos cultivos individuais). No tratamento escuro, a metamorfose para megalopa foi de apenas 16% nos cultivos coletivos e de 7% nos cultivos individuais. Estes resultados indicam que a manutenção das larvas em baixas intensidades luminosas afeta negativamente a sobrevivência larval de U. cordatus...

Ucides cordatus is an edible crab species typical of Brazilian mangroves, and traditionally represents an important economic resource for many coastal populations. The present study investigated the influence of light intensity on the survival and rate of larval development of U. cordatus. Three different levels of luminosity were evaluated: 710 (Light), 210 Lux (Shaded) and 1 Lux (Dark), both in individual and collective cultivation conditions. Significant differences were found for survival of zoea larvae under the different light intensities (P<0.05). The greatest survival rates as well as rates of ecdysis to the megalopa stage were obtained under Light conditions (42% in collective cultures and 30% in individual cultures). In Dark conditions events of metamorphosis to megalopa stage was observed only in 16% of collective cultures and 7% of individual cultures. The result indicates that low light intensities may negatively affect larval survivorship during U. cordatus larval cultivations...

Enfermedad de La Peyr onie: tratamiento con interferón y láser / Peyronie's disease: treatment with interferon and laser

Evaluar comparativamente los resultados del tratamiento con interferón, láser y su asociación en un grupo de sujetos con la enfermedad de La Peyronie. Método: Se realizó un estudio experimental para evaluar los principales resultados del tratamiento de la enfermedad de La Peyronie con interferón y láser, en el Hospital Provincial Universitario Saturnino Lora Torres y en el Hospital General Universitario Dr. Juan Bruno Zayas Alfonso de la ciudad de Santiago de Cuba, desde enero de 2003 hasta julio de 2005. Quedaron incluidos 96 pacientes, divididos en tres grupos de tratamiento: interferón, láser e interferón más láser. Luego de la evaluación inicial se inició el tratamiento que duró 28 semanas, con reevaluaciones a los 6 y 12 meses de terminado éste. Resultados: Los resultados finales del tratamiento con interferón y láser combinado fueron mejoría de los síntomas (84.7%), disminución del tamaño de la placa fibrosa (90.6%) y de la curvatura del pene (87.5%). Conclusiones: La combinación de ambas terapias resultó ser más eficaz que su empleo por separado, por lo que se recomienda su incorporación como otra terapéutica en la enfermedad de La Peyronie...

Aluminium localization and toxicity symptoms related to root growth inhibition in rice (Oryza sativa L.) seedlings.

We correlated root growth inhibition with aluminium (Al3+) localization and toxicity symptoms in rice roots using seedlings of two genotypes (tolerant and sensitive) that were exposed to different AlCl3 concentrations. Al3+ localization was evaluated by hematoxylin in primary roots and by morin in cross-sections of the root tips. Neutral invertase enzyme activity and callose (1→3, β-D-glucan) accumulation were observed and compared with Al3+ accumulation sites. Root growth was inhibited by Al3+ in a concentration-specific manner and proportional to the increase of hematoxylin staining, being more pronounced in the sensitive genotype. Morin staining showed the presence of Al3+ deep within the roots of the sensitive genotype, indicating that the metal was able to penetrate beyond the first few cell layers. In the tolerant genotype, Al3+ penetration was restricted to the first two cell layers. Ruptures in exodermis and epidermis layers by lateral root protrusions in both genotypes allowed Al3+ to enter into the roots. More intense activity of invertase in roots of the tolerant genotype was also observed, which could be related to greater root growth of this cultivar when submitted to Al3+ stress. Moreover, Al3+-induced callose accumulation was a late response occurring in the same areas where Al3+ was present.

Digestibilidade e metabólitos sanguíneos de vacas da raça Holandesa superovuladas que receberam Lac100® ou linhaça em grão como fontes de gordura / Digestibility and blood concentration of metabolites in superovulated dairy cows fed Lac100® or linseed as fat sources

Foram avaliados os efeitos de duas fontes de gordura, Lac100® (Yakult), fonte de ácido graxo ômega-6, e linhaça em grão (Linum usitatissimum) (LIN), fonte de ácido graxo ômega-3, sobre a digestibilidade aparente da matéria seca (DMS), proteína bruta (DPB), fibra em detergente neutro (DFDN), fibra em detergente ácido (DFDA) e extrato etéreo (DEE), e concentrações sanguíneas de HDL, LDL, VLDL, colesterol, triglicerídeos, glicose, cálcio, fósforo, N-ureico e progesterona. Foram utilizadas 10 vacas da raça Holandesa em lactação, distribuídas nos dois tratamentos, em um delineamento estatístico inteiramente casualizado. Os animais alimentados com Lac100® apresentaram maiores valores de DFDN (57,44 por cento vs. 50,80 por cento) e DEE (77,70 por cento vs. 72,18 por cento) quando comparados aos alimentados com LIN. Os animais alimentados com Lac100® apresentaram maiores concentrações de LDL (111,00 vs. 45,46mg/dL), HDL (82,27 vs. 64,93mg/dL) e colesterol total (203,60 vs. 116,13mg/dL) e menor concentração de N-ureico (13,22 vs. 15,19mg/dL) em relação aos animais alimentados com linhaça em grão. As concentrações sanguíneas de glicose, cálcio, fósforo e progesterona não foram alteradas. Os resultados sugerem que a fonte de gordura na dieta modifica a DFDN e a DEE e, as concentrações sanguíneas de LDL, HDL e colesterol total em vacas em lactação.

The effect of two sources of fat, calcium salts of soybean oil, Lac100® (Yakult), a source of omega-6 fatty acids or whole flaxseed (Linum usitatissiumum), a source of omega-3 fatty acids were evaluated to determine the apparent digestibility of dry matter (DDM), crude protein (DCP), neutral detergent fiber (DNDF), acid detergent fiber (DADF), and ether extract (DEE); and blood concentrations of HDL, LDL, VLDL, cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose, calcium, phosphorus, N-urea, and progesterone. Ten lactating Holstein cows were allocated in two treatments and a completely randomized design was used. Cows fed Lac100® had higher values of DNDF (57.44 percent vs. 50.80 percent) and DEE (77.70 percent vs. 72.18 percent) compared to those fed flaxseed. Cows fed Lac100® had higher blood concentrations of LDL (111.00 vs. 45.46mg/dL), HDL (82.27 vs. 64.93mg/dL), and total cholesterol (203.60 vs. 116.13mg/dL) and lower N-urea (13.22 vs. 15.19mg/dL) compared to those fed flaxseed. Blood concentrations of glucose, calcium, phosphorus, and progesterone were similar between the treatments. These results suggest that dietary fat modifies DNDF and DEE and blood concentrations of LDL, HDL, VLDL, and total cholesterol in lactating dairy cows.

Utilização da técnica de extração dentária preservando a tábua óssea vestibular equina com implante da poliuretana derivada do óleo de mamona

O artigo não apresenta resumo.

Algas marinas de Baja California Sur, México: valor nutrimental / Marine algae of Baja California Sur, Mexico: nutritional value

The Baja California Peninsula is one of the richest regions of seaweed resources in México. The objective of this study was to determine the chemical composition of some marine algae species of Baja California Sur, with an economical potential due to their abundance and distribution, and to promote their use as food for human consumption and animal feeding. The algae studied were Green (Ulva spp., Enteromorpha intestinalis, Caulerpa sertularoides, Bryopsis hypnoides), Red (Laurencia johnstonii, Spyridia filamentosa, Hypnea valentiae) and Brown (Sargassum herporizum, S. sinicola, Padina durvillaei, Hydroclathrus clathrathus, Colpomenia sinuosa). The algae were dried and ground before analysis. In general, the results showed that algae had a protein level less than 11 per cent, except L. johnstonii with 18 per cent and low energy content. The ether extract content was lower than 1 per cent. However, the algae were a good source of carbohydrates and inorganic matter.

Oviposition and predation by Speciomerus revoili (Coleoptera, Bruchidae) on seeds of Acrocomia aculeata (Arecaceae) in Brasília, DF, Brazil

Oviposition and predation levels by Speciomerus revoili bruchid beetles were quantified on fruits and seeds of the macaúba palm, Acrocomia aculeata, collected from below mother-trees within the Sarah Kubitschek Park of Brasília, DF, Brazil. A maximum of 12 eggs per fruit were found, with high variations observed between samples. No clear pattern was found for the distribution of the number of eggs per fruit, perhaps due to the artificial conditions of the study area, the absence of dispersers and/or the plasticity in the oviposition behavior of the insect. The number of eggs per fruit was not related to fruit size, but was associated with their availability under the tree-mother. This suggests that the density of eggs per fruit is a balance between the availability of this resource and the number of females in the beetle population. The observed mortality rate, from the egg phase to the final larval stages, was over 75 percent. About 40 percent of the seeds of Acrocomia aculeata were predated by Speciomerus revoili

Oviposition and predation by Speciomerus revoili (Coleoptera, Bruchidae) on seeds of Acrocomia aculeata (Arecaceae) in Brasília, DF, Brazil

Oviposition and predation levels by Speciomerus revoili bruchid beetles were quantified on fruits and seeds of the macaúba palm, Acrocomia aculeata, collected from below mother-trees within the Sarah Kubitschek Park of Brasília, DF, Brazil. A maximum of 12 eggs per fruit were found, with high variations observed between samples. No clear pattern was found for the distribution of the number of eggs per fruit, perhaps due to the artificial conditions of the study area, the absence of dispersers and/or the plasticity in the oviposition behavior of the insect. The number of eggs per fruit was not related to fruit size, but was associated with their availability under the tree-mother. This suggests that the density of eggs per fruit is a balance between the availability of this resource and the number of females in the beetle population. The observed mortality rate, from the egg phase to the final larval stages, was over 75%. About 40% of the seeds of Acrocomia aculeata were predated by Speciomerus revoili.

A oviposição e os níveis de predação de Speciomerus revoili foram quantificados em frutos e sementes da palmeira Acrocomia aculeata, coletados sob a árvore-mãe, no Parque Sarah Kubitschek, em Brasília, DF. Foi encontrado um máximo de 12 ovos por fruto, com grandes variações entre as amostras. Não foi encontrado um padrão muito claro na distribuição de ovos por fruto, talvez devido às condições artificiais da área de estudo, à ausência de dispersores e a uma plasticidade no comportamento de oviposição do inseto. O número de ovos por fruto não foi relacionado ao tamanho do fruto, mas à sua disponibilidade sob a árvore-mãe. Sugere-se que a densidade de ovos por fruto seja um ajuste entre a disponibilidade deste recurso e a quantidade de fêmeas na população do besouro. A taxa de mortalidade observada da fase de ovo até as larvas dos últimos estádios ficou acima de 75%. Cerca de 40% das sementes de Acrocomia aculeata foram predadas por Speciomerus revoili.

Inmunogenicidad, inocuidad y eficacia de una vacuna tetravalente obtenida por recombinación genética de rotavirus aislados de monos rhesus y seres humanos en Belém, Brasil / Immunogenicity, safety and efficacy of tetravalent rhesus-human, reassortant rotavirus vaccine in Belém, Brazil

Se evaluó la inocuidad, inmunogenicidad y eficacia de una vacuna tetravalente obtenida por recombinación genética de rotavirus aislados de monos rhesus y seres humanos (RRV-TV) (4 x 104 unidades formadoras de placas por dosis) en un ensayo prospectivo, aleatorio, a doble ciego y controlado con placebo que se efectuó con 540 lactantes brasileños. Se administraron dosis de vacuna o de placebo a la edad de 1, 3 y 5 meses. No se observaron diferencias significativas en la frecuencia de diarrea o vómito en los bebés de ninguno de los dos grupos después de administrar la dosis correspondiente. De 2 a 3% de los vacunados tuvieron fiebre baja los días tercero a quinto después de recibir la primera dosis, pero no después de las dosis segunda o tercera. Se observó una respuesta de anticuerpos del tipo IgA al rotavirus aislado de monos rhesus (RRV) en 58% de los vacunados y en 33% de quienes recibieron placebo. La respuesta de anticuerpos neutralizantes a cada serotipo no pasó de 20% cuando se determinó con la prueba de reducción de focos de fluorescencia, pero fue superior a 40% al medirse con la prueba de neutralización a base de reducción de placas. Se presentaron 91 casos de diarrea causada por rotavirus entre los niños que recibieron las tres dosis (de vacuna o de placebo) durante un seguimiento de 2 años, 36 de ellos en los niños vacunados. La eficacia general de la vacuna fue de 8% (P = 0,005) contra toda clase de diarrea y de 35% (P = 0,03) contra la diarrea causada por rotavirus. La protección durante el primer año de seguimiento, cuando predominó el rotavirus G del serotipo 1, fue de 57% (P = 0,008), pero se redujo a 12% en el segundo año. Se obtuvieron resultados similares al restringir el análisis a episodios en que el rotavirus fue el único agente patógeno identificado. Se observó en la vacuna una mayor tendencia a proteger contra casos de enfermedad con un promedio de seis o más deposiciones diarias. Estos resultados son lo suficientemente...

A tetravalent rhesus-human reassortant rotavirus (RRV-TV) vaccine (4 x 104 plaque-forming units/dose) was evaluated for safety, immunogenicity and efficacy in a prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial involving 540 Brazilian infants. Doses of vaccine or placebo were given at ages, 1, 3 and 5 months. No significant differences were noted in the occurrence of diarrhoea or vomiting in vaccine and placebo recipients following each dose. Low-grade fever occurred on days 3­5 in 2­3% of vaccinees after the first dose, but not after the second or third doses of vaccine. An IgA antibody response to rhesus rotavirus (RRV) occurred in 58% of vaccinees and 33% of placebo recipients. Neutralizing antibody responses to individual serotypes did not exceed 20% when measured by fluorescent focus reduction, but exceeded 40% when assayed by plaque reduction neutralization. There were 91 cases of rotavirus diarrhoea among the 3-dose (vaccine or placebo) recipients during two years of follow-up, 36 of them among children given the vaccine. Overall vaccine efficacy was 8% (P = 0.005) against any diarrhoea and 35% (P = 0.03) against any rotavirus diarrhoea. Protection during the first year of follow-up, when G serotype 1 rotavirus predominated, was 57% (P = 0.008), but fell to 12% in the second year. Similar results were obtained when analysis was restricted to episodes in which rotavirus was the only identified pathogen. There was a tendency for enhanced protection by vaccine against illness associated with an average of 6 or more stools per day. These results are sufficiently encouraging to warrant further studies of this vaccine in developing countries using a higher dosage in an attempt to improve its immunogenicity and efficacy.

Quarto de iodoterapia / Iodotherapy's room

Este trabalho tem por objetivo apresentar uma descrição dos procedimentos necessários para montagem, instalação e manutenção de um quarto de iodoterapia, tendo como meta principal uma melhor relação entre os fatores: necessidades do paciente e adequação com as normas de proteção radiológica estabelecidas pela Comissão Nacional de Energia Nuclear.

This articles has the objective to show the description of rules necessaries to assemble, to installation and mainterence the iodotherapy's room; and having the principal aim, get a better relacion between the factors: necessities of the pacient and the adaptation with the norms of protection radiologic established by the National Comission Nuclear Energy.

Analisis de la efectividad antihipertensiva mediante el monitoreo ambulatorio de presion arterial. Utilidad del modelo de Transformada de Fourier Discreta / Analysis of antihypertensive effectiveness by means of ambulatory blood pressure monitoring. Usefulness of the discrete fourier transform model

Se estudiaron 10 pacientes con hipertensión arterial a moderada a quienes se efectuó un monitoreo ambulatorio (MAPA) luego de 30 dias de placebo, y otro al cabo de ocho semanas de tratamiento con una dosis fija de 20 mg de maleato de enalapril. La presión arterial sistólica (PAS) y diastólica (PAD) se registró cada 15 minutos de 07 a 22 hs, y cada 30 minutos de 22 a 07 hs. Los perfiles presores y los perfiles de las diferencias presoras droga-placebo individuales, fueron alisados por los promedios horarios. Luego se aplicó la Transformada de Fourier Discreta (TFD). Se determinó el menor número de armónicas que generan un ajuste estadisticamente significativo por análisis de residuos. En las curvas de diferencias presoras alisadas por TFD, se calcularon máximos, mínimos y puntos de inflexión para determinar: el tiempo de respuesta rápida (intervalo entre toma de la droga y máximo efecto), el tiempo de duración del efecto de la droga (intervalo entre toma de medicación y punto de inflexión, siguiente al último mínimo previo a una nueva dosis) y la pendidente de descenso rápido (cociente entre máximo descenso presor y tiempo de respusta rápida). Dependiendo del paciente, 3 a 5 armónicas en las curvas alisadas por TFD de PAS, PAD y de las diferencias droga-placebo, son suficientes para ajustar los promedios presores horarios. Se confirmó la estabilidad del ritmo circadiano en ambos monitoreos. El efectos se presentó a las 3 hrs (rango: 2 a 5) de toma de dosis; y la duración máxima media del efecto de la medicación fue de 17,6 hs para la PAS y de 18,5 hs para la PAD. Se concluye que las diferencias presoras tratamiento-placebo obtenidas a partir del MAPA y analizadas según el modelo de RFD permiten evaluar los intervalos de tiempo de protección presora asociados a un tratamiento antihipertensivo

Recuperaçäo em neurocirurgia / Recovery in neurosurgery

Säo revistos os principais aspectos relacionados ao período de recuperaçäo pós-anestésica nos pacientes neurocirúrgicos. Säo discutidas as principais medidas e técnicas de controle dos sinais vitais, incluindo avaliaçäo neurológica e condutas gerais e especializadas destinadas a monitoragem de funçöes vitais envolvidas direta ou indiretamente nos procedimentos neurocirúrgicos