ABSTRACT
Objective: To compare the visual outcomes of phacoemulsification surgery with intraocular lens [IOL] in persons with and without diabetes at end of follow-up
Methods: This was a comparative, cross sectional, observational study with Non-probability, purposive sampling. After approval from "Research Ethical Committee of Isra Post-graduate Institute of Ophthalmology Karachi, 92 patients with cataract in one eye were selected. Patients were divided into two groups. Group A consisted of 48 diabetics and group B consisted of 44 non- diabetics with or without diabetes in the age group >/= 30 years were included. Patients with small Pupil, Pseudo exfoliation Syndrome, Diabetic Retinopathy, and positive history of Uveitis, Glaucoma, and Macular Degeneration were excluded. Data analysis was performed by SPSS Version 20.0
Results: Best Corrected Visual Acuity [BCVA] in diabetic patients improved from 0.813 +/- 0.181 Log MAR pre operatively to 0.183 +/- 0.143 after the period of six months post-operatively. Corresponding results in non-diabetics were 0.66 +/- 0.31 and 0.08 +/- 0.092 Log Mar [P value = 0.001]. If WHO criteria was considered, 87.5% diabetics and 92% non-diabetics achieved normal vision [Log Mar 0 to 0.5; >/= 6/12,] on the first postoperative day. Remaining 12.5% diabetics and 8% non-diabetics achieved moderate vision [0.6 to 1 Log MAR] on first post-operative day improving to normal vision within a week
Conclusion: Visual outcomes in diabetics after phacoemulsification with intra ocular lens implant is almost as good as that in non-diabetic patient if the diabetics have no retinopathy and have good glycemic control
ABSTRACT
To assess the Knowledge, Attitude and Practices [KAP] towards diabetes and diabetic retinopathy in the general population of Bin Qasim Town [BQ], Karachi. An observational, cross-sectional study was approved by Research Ethical Committee of Al-Ibrahim Eye Hospital. It included every third household by stratified sampling in each Union Council of [BQ] Town, in the months of May to July 2013. The interview Questionnaire included 43 questions, of qualitative and quantitative aspects, which were awarded 56 scoring points. SPSS version 20.0 was used to analyze the data. Six hundred ninety two adults one from each household were interviewed. Of the total respondents, 271 [39.2%] had diabetes. Lowest mean knowledge score [5.28 +/- 6.09] was seen in illiterate respondents. Male's Mean Knowledge score [7.61 +/- 6.600] was better than female's [5.46 +/- 6.21] with P <0.001. Over all mean score of Attitudes towards diabetes was 5.43 +/- 2.57. It was higher [6.62 +/- 2.03] in diabetic respondents as compared with non-diabetic respondents [4.70 +/- 2.59] with p < 0.000. In Practice module majority of the respondents [69.9%] did not exercise, 49% took high caloric snacks between meals and 87% ate outside home once a month, 56.8% diabetics visited ophthalmologist for routine eye examination; but only 9.2% asked for retinal examination. Lack of knowledge of diabetes was found in the surveyed community, more marked in females, illiterate and the individuals not having diabetes
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To observe the frequency and various risk factors associated with restless legs syndrome [RLS] in haemodialysis [HD] patients and to evaluate various factors associated with RLS
DESIGN OF THE STUDY: Cross-sectional study
PLACE and DURATION: Department of Nephrology, dialysis unit, Isra University Hospital and Hirani Dialysis Centre, Hyderabad. Duration from 15-5-2011 to 27-7-2012
METHODS: The criteria of the international restless study group used to diagnose RLS, while John Hopkins restless legs 4 points severity scale was used to assess severity of RLS. All patients were reinterviewed and clinically examined by qualified neurologist. In this study 100 patients were included from two dialysis centre. The following data were collected: age, sex, duration of dialysis, cause of end stage renal failure, BUN, creatinin, serum sodium, serum potassium, serum calcium, serum phosphates, Hemoglobin, ferritin, albumin, and PTH level
RESULTS: The clinical and biochemical data of 100 patients from 137 were available. RLS was present in 32 patients [32%]. Mild 16 [50%], moderate 12 [37.5%] and severe R.L.S was present in 4 [12.5%] patients respectively. We found association with increasing duration of dialysis and high calcium
CONCLUSION: The frequency of R.L.S in our dialysis patients is 32%. Results showed RLS is associated with increasing duration of dialysis and high calcium. More studies are required to see association of RLS with other factors like female gender, diabetes, and low iron
ABSTRACT
Objectives: Recognition of fatal coagulopathies in patients with carcinoma of prostate by carrying out platelet count, PT and APTT
Study Design: A case-control study
PLACE AND DURATION: Samples collected from patients attending ISRA University Hospital, Hyderabad, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences Hospital Hyderabad and NIMRA Jamshoro from June 2011 to November 2011. Study was conducted in the Pathology department, ISRA University Hospital, Hyderabad. Duration of study was six months
Methodology: Cases were patients with prostatic carcinoma who were diagnosed on biopsy examination. Controls were normal healthy randomly selected age matched adult males from Hyderabad without prostatic carcinoma. A total of one hundred subjects were included in the study. They were divided in two groups as follows; Group-I: Patients-Diagnosed cases of carcinoma of prostate. Group - II: Control - Normal subjects of the same age group
Results: A total number of 50 cases with the history of prostatic carcinoma were included according to the criteria mentioned in the material and method section. The frequencies of different variables were taken for platelet count, prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time. In Group -1 [Cases], the mean platelet count was 197.52 x 10[3] in patients with advance age and in Group - II [Controls], the mean platelet count was 286.06 x 10[3]. The mean platelet count of cases and control is shown in Table -1.In the Group -1 [Cases] the mean PT value was 16.95 seconds and in Group - II [Controls] the mean PT value was 11.92 seconds. The mean PT of cases and control is shown in Table - II. In the Group -1 [Cases] the mean APTT value was 36.88 seconds and in Group - II [Controls] the mean APTT value was 30.94 seconds. The mean APTT of cases and control is shown in Table-III
Conclusion: Early analysis and recognition of coagulopathies in patients with carcinoma of prostate by carrying out platelet count, PT and APTT should be sorted out to help the patients in terms of treatment or diagnosis or prevention of fatal complications. Disseminated intravascular coagulation is the most frequently reported disorder but, in spite of its long-time recognition, its treatment remains controversial. Our results suggest that platelet count; PT and APTT are altered in patients with prostate cancer. Further study is needed to elucidate the underlying mechanism and clinical significances of such a phenomenon among patients with prostate cancer
ABSTRACT
Analysis and recognition of coagulopathies in patients with carcinoma of prostate by carrying out platelet count and D-dimers level. Case-control study. This study was conducted at ISRA Hospital, Hyderabad, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences Hospital Hyderabad and NIMRA Jamshoro for a period of six months from from June 2011 to November 2011. Cases were patients with prostatic carcinoma who were diagnosed on biopsy examination. Controls were normal healthy randomly selected age matched adult males from Hyderabad without prostatic carcinoma. A total of one hundred subjects were included in the study. In Group I [Cases], the mean platelet count was 197.52 x 103 and in Group II [Controls], the mean platelet count was 286.06 x 103. In Group I [Cases], the mean D-dimers level was 0.692 mg/L and in Group II [Controls], the mean D-dimers level was 0.146 mg/L. Coagulopathies are frequently associated with prostate cancer and should be known to urologists and oncologists because they may compromise short-term prognosis and influence therapeutic strategies. Our results suggest that platelet count and D-dimer levels are altered in patients with prostate cancer
ABSTRACT
OBJECT: to find out frequency of various acute complications during haemodialysis
STUDY DESIGN: Prospective study
PLACE and DURATION: The haemodialysis unit of Isra University Hospital, Hyderabad, over period of 27 months, November 2010 to January 2013
METHODOLOGY: The Patients of end stage renal disease and advance acute renal failure provided dialysis and observed for any acute complication during haemodialysis
RESULT: In total 176 patients, male were 166 [66%] and female were 60 [34%]. A total of 2171 haemodialysis session were performed. Hypotension was observed during 12 [5.84%] dialysis session, Hypertension in 77 [3.54%] session. Vomiting in 70 [3.22%], muscles cramps in 67 [3.08%], fever in 33 [1.52%], Headache in 20 [0.9%] and chest pain 21 [0.96%] dialysis sessions
CONCLUSION: Haemodialysis is a life saving treatment procedure but it is not without complications and frequent complication are hypotension, Hypertension, Muscle cramps and vomiting
ABSTRACT
To observe the duration dependent effects of two important classes of lipid lowering drugs i.e. simvastatin and gemfibrozil in type 2 diabetic patients with dyslipidemia in Pakistani population. Seventy type 2 diabetic patients with newly diagnosed dyslipidemia were enrolled and were divided randomly into two groups each, with 35 patients. Group I patients was given tablets Simvastatin 20 mg once daily and group II patients received tablet Gemfibrozil 600 mg twice daily. The study period comprised of 12 weeks. Fasting lipid profile and fasting blood sugar was analyzed on week 0 [day of inclusion], week 6 and week 12. At week 12 simvastatin decreased serum LDL cholesterol by 36.97% [P<0.001]. In contrast gemfibrozil did not reduce it significantly with a reduction of only 1.33% [P=N.S]. Simvastatin reduced serum total cholesterol and serum triglyceride by 29.88% [P<0.001] and 21.78% [P<0.001] respectively and increased serum HDL cholesterol by 16.67% [P<0.001]. While gemfibrozil decreased serum total cholesterol by 9.14% [P<0.001] and serum triglyceride by 30.84% [P<0.001]. Gemfibrozil raised serum HDL cholesterol levels by 18.08% [P<0.001]. Significant changes were observed in all lipid parameters with both simvastatin and gemfibrozil with regard to duration of treatment. Simvastatin was found to be more effective in lowering serum total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol levels in comparison to gemfibrozil, which was found to be more effective in lowering serum triglyceride and elevating serum HDL cholesterol levels. Both of these drugs were well tolerated and none of the patients exhibited any significant adverse effects. Both can be given as monotherapy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and abnormal lipid profile
Subject(s)
Gemfibrozil , Gemfibrozil/pharmacology , Hypolipidemic Agents , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/physiopathology , Simvastatin , Simvastatin/pharmacology , Risk Factors , Time FactorsABSTRACT
The clinical laboratory and X-Ray findings of 16 patients with distal [type-1] renal tubular acidosis diagnosed at Mayo and Sheikh Zayed Hospital, Lahore during an eight year period [1984 to 1992] are presented. Twelve patients [75%] were males and four females [25%]. Their ages ranged between 1.5 and 41 years [mean age 12.8 years]. Eight patients [50%] had radiologically evident bone disease in the form of rickets or osteomalacia. Two patients had pathological fractures. Growth retardation was noted in 10 patients [63%]. Polyuria and polydipsia were noted in 6 patients [31%]. Nephrocalcinosis and or nephrolithiasis was evident in 12 patients [75%]. Muscle weakness were noted in 7 patients [44%]. Biochemical derangements observed were hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis mean blood pH = 7.259 +/- 0.055, but urine pH remained alkaline in all patients during all grades of metabolic acidosis with a mean value of 6.69 [range 5.8 to 8.0]. Serum Chloride level was mean 111 +/- 5.288 mmol/l. Hypocalcemia, hyponatremia and hypokalemia was noted with mean values of 8.44 +/- 1.24 mg/dl, 134 +/- 3.56 mmol/l and 3.68 +/- 0.53. Treatment with alkali therapy resulted in general well being, reduced bone pains, muscle weakness and improved growth significantly
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Acidosis, Renal Tubular/therapyABSTRACT
The present study deals with bacteriological investigations of 110 maxillary sinus aspirates from 100 maxillary sinusitis cases attending the ENT department of People Medical College Nawabshah. In aspirated sinus secretions there was predominance of Strept. pneumoniae [35.5%]. The other organisms present were Staph. aureus [23.6%], H. Influenzae [14.5%], Strept pyogenes [6.5%], and Klebsiella pneumoniae [5.5%]. The common symptoms and predisposing conditions associated with sinusitis were nasal discharge nasal obstruction, facial pain, allergic rhinitis, deviated nasal septum and dental infection. The higher number of maxillary sinusitis cases were found between ages of 11 and 30 years. Drug sensitivity pattern showed Doxycycline Ofloxacin and third generation antibiotic as the most effective drugs followed by Cephelexin, Tobramycin, Getamycin, Minocyclin, Ampicillin-Cloxacillin Erythromycin and Lincomycin