Effects of resveratrol pretreatment on neurite growth of primary cortical neurons after oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion injury in rats / 解剖学报

Objective To investigate the effects of resveratrol pretreatment on neurite growth of rat primary cortical neurons after oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R) injury in vitro. Methods Primary cortical neurons were cultured under oxygen and glucose deprivation for 150 minutes and reoxygenation for 24 hours. The study had the normal, control and 5μmol/L resveratrol pretreatment groups. Neurons were identified with immunofluorescence. Cell viability was detected with cell counting kit-8(CCK-8) assay. Cell apoptosis was detected with TUNEL assay. Immunofluorescence and Western blotting measured the expressions of microtubule-associated protein 2(MAP-2) and growth associated protein 43 (GAP-43), and the length and number of neurites were counted. Results Cells had high expression of neuronal specific marker MAP-2. Compared with the control group, resveratrol treatment significantly enhanced the neurons viability (0.551±0.009 vs 0.436±0.013, P<0.01), decreased the numbers of apoptosis (18.3% ±1.3% vs 35.3% ±1.9%, P<0.01), upregulated the expressions of MAP-2 (0.790 ± 0.102 vs 0.462 ±0.063, P <0.01) and GAP-43 (0.768 ± 0.084 vs 0.424 ±0.065, P< 0.01) proteins, increased the length (89.510 ± 6.939 vs 61.538 ± 9.14, P < 0.01) and numbers (6.347 ± 1.002 vs 3.040 ± 0.608, P < 0.01) of neurites. Conclusion Resveratrol pretreatment can reduce injury and promote neurite growth of cultured neurons after OGD/R.

Effect of low molecular weight heparin on oxidative stress and renal function in elderly patients undergoing gastrectomy of stomach neoplasms / 中国生化药物杂志

Objective To investigate effect of low molecular weight heparin (LMWH)on oxidative stress and renal function in elderly patients undergoing gastrectomy of stomach neoplasms. Methods 90 elderly patients undergoing radical surgery were randomly divided into LMWH group (Ⅰ group,n=45)and control group (Ⅱ group,n=45). Patients inⅠ group received a subcutaneous injection of LMWH(100 u/kg,1/d)from the time before anesthesia induction to postoperative 5 days,and patients in Ⅱ group were given equal volume of saline. Venous blood samples were collected to determine level of malondialdehyde(MDA),aldose reductase(AR)activity level,superoxide dismutase(SOD)activity level,catalase (CAT)activity level,creatinine(Cr)and blood urea nitrogen(BUN)before anesthesia induction(T0 ),at the end of the surgery(T1 ),on postoperative 1 day(T2),3 days(T3)and 5 days(T4)respectively;urine specimen were also collected to measured albumin(Alb)and N-acetyl-beta-D-amino glycosidase enzymes(NAG)at the same time points. Results There were obvious statistical differences in MDA,AR,SOD and CAT at different time points by intra-group comparison (P0.05).Alb/Cr of both groups at T1 and T2 were significantly higher than those at T0 (P<0.05 ),while Alb/Cr in Ⅰ group at T1 was obviously lower than Ⅱgroup(P<0.05 ).NAG/Cr in both groups at T1 ,T2 and T3 were significantly higher than those at T0 (P<0.05 ),while NAG/Cr inⅡ group at T4 was still higher than that at T0 (P<0.05 ),and NAG/Cr inⅠgroup at T1 ~T4 was obviously lower thanⅡgroup (P<0.05 ). MDA and AR in both groups at T1 ,T2 were positively correlated with Alb/Cr and NAG/Cr respectively(P<0.05 ),whereas SOD and CAT in both groups at T1 ,T2 were negatively correlated with Alb/Cr and NAG/Cr respectively(P<0.05 ). Conclusion Oxidative stress reaction resulted from radical surgery of elderly patients is associated with perioperative renal damage. LMWH could reduce oxidative stress in elderly patients,and alleviate the kidney damage,as well as protect the renal function.

Urinary level of tissue factor and its procoagulant activity in patients with type 2 diabetes / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To examine the urinary level of tissue factor (uTF) and its procoagulant activity (PCA) in patients with diabetes mellitus, and explore the relationship between uTF and renal damage in diabetes mellitus.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Eighty-six patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were divided into 3 groups according to urine albumin excretion (UACR), namely normal albuminuria group, microalbuminuria group and macroalbuminuria group. The levels of uTF, PCA, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine (CRE), serum cystatin C (CYSC), glycohemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) were measured in all the patients and 21 healthy controls.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with normal control, the diabetic patients showed significantly increased levels of uTF and PCA. The urinary TF-PCA was positively correlated to BUN, CYSC, CRE, UACR, fasting glucose and hs-CRP, but not to uTF; only hs-CRP, UACR were positively correlated to uTF.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>uTF is probably implicated in the development and progression of diabetic nephropathy.</p>

Comparison of self-microemulsifying drug delivery system versus solid dispersion technology used in the improvement of dissolution rate and bioavailability of vinpocetine / 药学学报

The objective of this study is to compare the differences between self-microemulsifying drug delivery system (SMEDDS) and solid dispersion (SD) technology used to improve the dissolution rate and bioavailability of vinpocetine (VIP). The formulation of VIP-SMEDDS was composed of Labrafac, oleic acid, Cremophor EL, Transcutol P, and gum acacia which was used as solid absorbent. VIP-SD was prepared using poloxamer F68 as the carrier. In the solubility test, the solubility of VIP in SMEDDS was 17.3 times as much as that in SD. In the dissolution test, SMEDDS had shown better enhancement and stability in dissolving VIP than SD. When compared to VIP crude powder, the bioavailability of VIP in SMEDDS (VIP-SMEDDS) was 1.89-fold higher, and was less affected by food intake. However, the bioavailability of VIP in SD (VIP-SD) was bioequivalent to that of VIP crude powder. The tissue uptake of VIP-SMEDDS in Peyer's patches, intestine and liver after administration for 2 hours was more favorable than that of VIP-SD, which was 3.7 times higher in Peyer's patches, 2.2 times higher in intestine and 1.5 times higher in liver. In Caco-2 tests, the apparent permeability (P(app)) of VIP-SMEDDS was 2.65 times of that of VIP-SD. The width of the cell tight junctions of Caco-2 cell monolayer treated with VIP-SMEDDS were 9.6-fold wider, but there was no significant change after treatment with VIP-SD, when compared to the blank control. In conclusion, SMEDDS was more efficient than the traditional SD technology in increasing solubility, dissolution, intestinal permeability, lymphatic absorption and bioavailability of the insoluble drugs such as VIP, which is less affected by food intake.

Evaluation and Countermeasures on OTC Cough and Cold Medicines for Children in New Zealand / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To introduce positive response to the security and effectiveness issues on OTC cough and cold medicines for children in New Zealand in order to provide reference for drug risk-benefit evaluation and putting forward reasonable management measures in China. METHODS:The concept of OTC cough and cold medicines for children were introduced firstly. Then the evaluation and countermeasures of OTC cough and cold medicines for children in New Zealand were also introduced. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS:It has significance for the evaluation of drugs for sale that are review and evaluation,study and countermea-sures and dynamic tracking for OTC cough and cold medicines for children in New Zealand and the realistic attitude of New Zealand Drug and Medical Instruments Security Bureau.

Effects of protease inhibitors on intestinal absorption of insulin / 药学学报

<p><b>AIM</b>To study the effects of protease inhibitors on the large and small intestinal absorption of insulin in rats and to explore the mechanism of various protease inhibitors in different intestinal regions.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The intestinal absorption of insulin was evaluated by its hypoglycemic effect and serum insulin level using an in situ loop method with the washing treatment.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Administration of insulin alone did not decrease the glucose level at either intestinal region with or without the washing treatment. With the unwashing treatment, there were no hypoglycemic effects in small intestinal loop when coadministration of insulin with protease inhibitors. With the washing treatment, the biological effects of insulin were amplified a little in small intestinal loop; obvious hypoglycemic effects were found in large intestinal loop with or without the washing treatment. The effectiveness of protease inhibitors was susceptible to their categories, concentrations and activities of proteolytic enzymes in different regions. The efficacy order of various protease inhibitors for enhancing hypoglycemic response of insulin was: leupeptin > sodium glycocholate > bacitracin > bestatin > cystatin; the percutaneous enhancement effects were observed in the presence of either sodium glycocholate or bacitracin.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Coadministration of protease inhibitors could increase the insulin efficacy more effectively in the large intestine than in the small intestine.</p>

To Improve Security Quality of Medical Treatment by Enhancing Management of Antibiotic Drug Usage / 中华医院感染学杂志

OBJECTIVE To improve efficiency and quality of antibiotic drug usage in order to assure patients′ security of antibiotic drug usage. METHODS Inducted by strengthening security quality of medical treatment,we are bring antibiotic drug usage into medical quality management by using information technique,training medical workers,putting antibiotic drug into different classifications and surveillancing the usage of antibiotic drug.Moreover,we develop significant basic study for clinic to improve the level of rational use of drug. RESULTS Frequency and number of days for drug usage were reduced by putting measures into effect and inspecting numbers and sorts of drug usage.At the same time,we instituted individualized drug using scheme to critical patients,thereby many critical patients were retrieved. CONCLUSIONS Rational use of drug is a system project which must redeploy all enthusiasm and take comprehensive measures to fight for a safe,effective,economical goal in our work.

Effects of liposomes formulation and preparation method on the stability of acyclovir palmitate liposomes / 药学学报

<p><b>AIM</b>To study the effects of various liposomes formulations and preparation methods on the stability of acyclovir palmitate (ACV-C16) liposomes on storage at 4 degrees C and 25 degrees C over a 6 months period.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The mean particle size, Zeta potential, pH and leaking ratio of ACV-C16 liposomes were the parameters chosen to indicate the stability of liposomes. All of the parameters were compared among various lipid compositions [egg lecithin/cholesterol/hosphatidylserine (PC/CH/PS), egg lecithin/cholesterol/stearylamine (PC/CH/SA), egg lecithin/cholesterol/cholesteryl sulphate (PC/CH/CS), bovine brain ceramides/cholesterol/palmitic acid/cholesteryl sulphate (CM/CH/PA/CS)], different preparation methods (film dispersing, reverse phase evaporation, dehydration/rehydration), charges (positive, negative), as well as among multilamellar vesicles liposomes (MLV), large unilamellar vesicles liposomes (LUV) and dehydration/rehydration vesicles liposomes (DRV).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>An analysis of various parameters led to the conclusion that the stability of liposomes followed the order of PC/CH/CS > CM/CH/PA/CS > PC/CH/PS > PC/CH/SA at the same storage conditions; the positively charged system showed the most unstable delivery system of liposomes as compared to the other three systems. As far as stability was concerned, LUV liposomes proved to be superior to MLV liposomes and DRV liposomes, and the modified reverse phase evaporation method of Szoka provided the best preparation method. The stability in systems was enhanced when systems were stored at 4 degrees C as compared to storage at 25 degrees C.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The stability of liposomes was significantly interrelated with lipid composition of various liposomes, preparation method and different storage conditions.</p>

Preparation of Chitosan-oxaprozin Sustained Release Tablets / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE: To study the preparation and quality standard of chitosan-oxaprozin sustained release tablets, and observe the rule of in vitro release of oxaprozin. METHODS:The content of oxaprozin in the tablets was determined by UV - spectrophotometry. RESULTS:The linear range was 2. 5- 15. 0ug/ml. The average recovery was 99. 79% with a RSD of 0. 38%. CONCLUSION: The preparation process of chitosan-oxaprozin sustained release tablet is simple. It is worth expanding the app- lication in clinical practice.

The Selection of Transdermal Release Condition and Percutaneous Enhancer of Oxaprozin Gel in Vitro / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE： To observe the effect of drug loading， medium composition， transdermal enhancer， lauryl alcohol and azone on percutaneous permeation of oxaprozin gel in vitro.METHODS： Drug permeation test was carried out by using modified Franz-type double compartment diffusion cell and isolated mice skin in vitro as transdermal barrier.RESULTS： Under the condition of an effective area of 5.77cm2， it was found that the result was stable and the reproducibility was well with drug loading more than 1.2g， the receiver solution ethanol to normal saline=7∶ 3(v∶ v);The transdermal enhancing effect of lauryl alcohol was superior to that of azone， the effect of mixed transdermal enhancer 3％ AZ＋ 10％ LA was the best.CONCLUSION： The selection of both the optimum release condition and the best penetration enhancers provided reference for oxaprozin transdermal delivery.The standardization of gel percutaneous test in vitro was discussed preliminarily.

Discussion on the Information Service Pattern of Hospital Pharmaceutical Care / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To promote the development of hospital pharmaceutical information service(HPIS)and to bring pharmacists into full play in pharmaceutical service.METHODS:This article analyzed the running program of hospital pharmaceutical information and the existing problems in HPIS.RESULTS:New pattern of HPIS was put forward.CONCLUSION:HPIS is very important and should be promoted greatly.

Preparation and Quality Control of Ondansetron Hydrochloride Dispersible Tablets / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To study the preparation process and quality standard of ondansetron hydrochloride dispersible tablets METHODS:The content of ondansetron in the dispersible tablets was determined by UV-spectrophotometry RESULTS:The linear range was 4 0～16 5?g/ml,the average recovery was 99 97% with RSD of 0 35% CONCLUSION:The preparation process of ondansetron hydrochloride dispersible tablets is simple and the quality of dispersible tablets is controllable