ABSTRACT
Endometriosis is a common chronic inflammation which leads to infertility and chronic pelvic pain in affected women. Secretory phospholipase A2 type IIa [sPLA2IIa] is an acute phase reactant that is markedly increased in inflammatory disorders. To assess the effects of omega-3 and omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids [PUFAs] administration in endometrial cells culture on sPLA2IIa level and cell survival comparing homolog ectopic versus eutopic endometrial cells from endometriosis patients. In this experimental study, ectopic and eutopic endometrial tissue samples obtained from 15 endometriosis patients were immediately frozen. After thawing and tissue digestion, mixed stromal and endometrial gland cells were cultured for 8 days in three different culture media; balanced omega-3/omega-6, high omega-3 and high omega-6 PUFAs ratio. Cell survival was measured using 2, 3-bis [2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl]-5-[phenylamino] carbonyl-2H- tetrazolium hydroxide [XTT] method and sPLA2IIa level assessed with ELISA technique. The sPLA2IIa level was significantly higher in the ectopic endometrial cell culture compared to the eutopic group for each of the three matched treatments [balanced, high omega-3 and high omega-6]. Also the sPLA2IIa level in the ectopic endometrial cell group was remarkably increased by each of the three PUFAs treatments compared to control condition [p<0.05, p<0.01, p<0.05 respectively]. Cell survival in the eutopic group was significantly decreased by high omega-6 culturing compared to control medium [p<0.05]. The increase in sPLA2IIa level in ectopic endometrial cells by fatty acid treatments [especially high omega-3], strengthens the hypothesis that PUFAs stimulate secretion of cytokines leading to increased sPLA2IIa level
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Phospholipases A2, Secretory , Group II Phospholipases A2 , Fatty Acids, Unsaturated , Fatty Acids, Omega-3 , Fatty Acids, Omega-6ABSTRACT
Mercury is a dangerous substance for human health and mercury thermometers are major pollutant for environment. Using less dangerous and less expensive devices like digital thermometer can be an alternative for mercury thermometers. The aim of this study was to compare the body temperature measurement by mercury and digital thermometer. In this descriptive- analytical study, 542 patients [331 Female and 211 Males] were selected through convenience sampling. Data was gathered by demographic information form. Body temperature was measured simultaneously by digital and mercury thermometer while each thermometer was placed axillary, and after 5 minutes they were read by a nurse. The mean temperature measured by mercury and digital thermometer was 36.48 +/- 0.84 and 36.51 +/- 0.87, respectively. There was no statistical significant difference between measurements by mercury and digital thermometer. For detecting fever, digital thermometer had 85.4% and 95.7% sensitivity and specificity respectively. Positive and negative predictive value for digital thermometer were 81.1% and 96.8% respectively. Regarding low sensitivity of digital thermometer, it can be concluded that mercury thermometer is still suitable device to detect fever
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Mercury , Thermometers , Sensitivity and Specificity , Reproducibility of Results , Fever , Monitoring, Physiologic/instrumentation , ThermographyABSTRACT
To report on the adverse events following the administration of Measles and Rubella [MR] vaccine during an immunization campaign in Shaharekord, Iran. Prospective study conducted between December 2003 and January 2004. Nurseries, primary schools, high schools and universities in Shahrekord, Southwest of Iran, Four thousand children and students from the above institutions were randomly selected and recruited. They were followed up for one month after vaccination for any adverse events. Data collected using a questionnaire and physical examination were analyzed using SPSS 11 software. Adverse events following MR vaccine administration. The overall incidence rate of adverse events was 25.4%. Lymphadenopathy [8.7%], fever [8.3%] and sore throat [7.3%] were the most prevalent complications. Incidence of lymphadenopathy and arthralgia was higher in males [p < 0.01, p < 0.02 respectively], whereas myalgia was more common in females [p < 0.002]. Lymphadenopathy was less common in the older age groups. Fever frequency was higher in the 5-10 and 21-25 age groups [p < 0.001]. Myalgia and arthralgia was seen with higher frequency in the 11-15 and 16-20 age groups [p < 0.001]. Skin rash was more common in the 5-10 and 11-15 age groups [p < 0.001]. Large scale interventions such as this vaccination campaign in a population revealed adverse events, but the frequency of serious adverse events with MR vaccine was low. Therefore, the benefit to risk ratio of such a campaign is favorable and such programs can be undertaken safely
ABSTRACT
Bacterial infection is one of the several important causes of exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease [COPD]. Antibiotic resistance has increased in all the major pathogens. The objective of this study was investigate frequency of drug resistance of species from LRTs. This cross sectional study was performed in Hajar hospital of shahrekord-Iran. Protected brush samples were obtained from the lower respiratory tract by bronchoscopy in both hospitalized and ambulatory 54 COPD patients with exacerbations yield. The in vitro susceptibilities of the isolates to 6 antimicrobial agents were then determined by the broth microdilution test. Among the s. pneumonia isolates tested 5.9% and 94.1% were intermediate and high level resistant to penicillin and ampicillin respectively. 58.8% of isolates were erythromycin resistance. H.influenzae isolates were 100% resistance to penicillin and ampicillin. Antibiotics are an important part of the treatment of COPD, suggesting that every effort should be made to conserve sensitivity of antibiotic by using them appropriately
ABSTRACT
To comapare the seroprevalence of Human Tlymphotropic virus type 1 [HTLV-1] in high risk group patients [such as those with thalassemia or those who are on hemodialysis] with normal healthy individuals. Prospective study Charmahal - Baktiari province, Iran. A total of 357 serum samples from the patients [case] and 800 from the healthy individuals [control] were tested for HTLV specific antibody. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay [ELISA]. All ELISA positive samples were assayed by Western blotting analysis. The individuals in the two groups were both age and sex matched [p > 0.05]. Main Outcome Measures: Seroprevalence of HTLV-1 The ELISA results showed that 27 out of 357 [7.6%] samples from the case and five out of 800 [0.62%] from the control group tested positive for HTLV-1 specific antibody. The Western blotting results showed that 24 of 27 [89%] ELISA-positive samples from the case and five out of 800 [0.62%] from the test group were HTLV-1. The mean age of the patients in the two groups was almost the same. The seroprevalence of HTLV-1 among both the high risk patients and the healthy individuals from this province was significantly high and was almost similar to that in another endemic region in the country. Therefore, this province may be considered an endemic area for this virus in Iran