ABSTRACT
Background: Otorrhoea commonly hits young people. Ciprofloxacin and rifampicin are the two ear drop antibiotics commonly used for the probabilistic treatmentof otitis in Madagascar. This study aimedto determine the potentially dangerous bacteria involved in otitis and to identify their resistance to fluoroquinolone or rifampicin. Method: A pro-spective study was conducted with the collaboration ofthe Ear Nose and Throat unit (ENT) at the laboratory of UHC PZaGa in Mahajanga. In whole, 56 patients were included. Samplings of otorrhoeawere performed by aspirating the auditory canal using 2ml sterile syringeand then were headed to thelaboratory in less than 30 minutes for analysis. Results:Amidst identified microorganisms were fungus (4,7%) and bacteria (95,3%) to which Gram-negative bacilli represented72.1% (n=44), Gram-positive cocci 6.4% (n=10), Gram-positive bacilli 8.2% (n=5) and Gram-negative cocci 3.3% (n=2). Amongthese bacterias, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Proteus sp were predominant, with respec-tively 41% (n=25), 23% (n=14). However,three casesof S. aureusreported six with negative coagulaseStaphylococ-cus, one with Escherichia coli, one with Klebsiella sp, one with Haemophilus sp, two cases with Neisseria sp and four cases with Corynebacterium sp. Two types of cultures were noticed, one of them monomorphic (91.1%, n=51) and the other polymorphic (8.9%, n=5) to which three associations of P. aeruginosa-Proteus sp, 1 association of P. aerugino-sa-coagulase-negative Staphylococcus and one association of P. aeruginosa-E. coli. No resistance to ciprofloxacin was observed with Pseudomonas, Neisseria sp, Haemophilus, and enterobacteria except for E. coli. No resistance to rifampicin was observed with S. aureus. However, the sensitivity of S. aureus to ciprofloxacin decreased(one bacte-rium out of three). Conclusion:The use of rifampicin or fluoroquinolones should be based on the type of ear infec-tions. Rifampicin is suggested only if S. aureuswas responsible for otitis. Ciprofloxacin use is still yet sensible to Gram-negative bacilli.
ABSTRACT
Sexually transmitted diseases (STD) are public health concerns worldwide. The aim of our study is to assess infection and coinfection with HIV, hepatitis B, hepatitis C and syphilis among men having sex with men in Mahajanga which is a western coastal town of Madagascar. We conducted a prospective and descriptive preliminary study in the laboratory of the University Hospital Center PZAGA in Mahajanga during a period of three months, from December 2014 to February 2015. We included 100 MSM in our study. Their mean age was 36 yrs (16 to 55 yrs). We found 30% of seropositive men among our sample. HIV positive men are mainly part of the age group [20–29 yrs]. The mean age of positive men was respectively 38 yrs., 36 yrs., 48 yrs.and 39 yrs. for HIV, for HBV, HCV, and syphilis. We found respectively for hepatitis B, hepatitis C and syphilis 7%, 1% and 11% positive samples. We found no co-infection HIV and HCV for them. But we found 5% of coinfection HIV-HBV, 4% of coinfection HIV-syphilis and 1% of coinfection of HIV, HBV and syphilis. We highlighted a very high rate of HIV positivity among MSM living in Mahajanga. Efforts have to be made in order to sensitize them about risky behaviors.