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1.
Saúde debate ; 47(138): 531-545, jul.-set. 2023. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1515587

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objectives. The study aims to assess the trend of neonatal, post-neonatal, and infant mortality from 1996 to 2020 within the metropolitan region of the state of Rio de Janeiro and other regions. Methods. Ecological study using the region as analysis unity. Data were accessed from the Mortality Information System and Live Birth Information System in the capital Rio de Janeiro, in the neighboring areas of Niterói, São Gonçalo, Baixada Fluminense, and the remaining regions of the state of Rio de Janeiro State. We applied Poisson multilevel modeling, where the models' response variables were infant mortality and its neonatal and post neonatal components. Fixed effects of the adjusted models were region and death year variables. Results. During the 1996-2020 period, the Baixada Fluminense showed the highest infant mortality rate as to its neonatal and post neonatal components. All adjusted models showed that the more recent the year the lower the mortality risk. Niterói showed the lowest adjusted risk of infant mortality and its neonatal and post neonatal components. Conclusion. Baixada Fluminense showed the highest mortality risk for infant mortality and its neonatal and post-neonatal components in the metropolitan region. The stabilization in mortality rates in recent years was identified by the research.


RESUMO Objetivos. Avaliar a tendência da mortalidade neonatal, pós-neonatal e infantil de 1996 a 2020, na região metropolitana do estado do Rio de Janeiro e nas outras regiões. Métodos. Estudo ecológico utilizando regiões como unidade de análise. Os dados foram acessados no Sistema de Informações sobre Mortalidade e Sistema de Informações sobre Nascidos Vivos da Capital (Rio de Janeiro), dos territórios vizinhos (Niterói, São Gonçalo e Baixada Fluminense) e das outras regiões do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Utilizamos a modelagem multinível de Poisson, onde as variáveis de resposta dos modelos foram mortalidade infantil e seus componentes neonatal e pós-neonatal. Os efeitos fixos dos modelos ajustados foram região e ano da morte. Resultados. No período 1996-2020, a Baixada Fluminense apresentou a maior taxa de mortalidade infantil de seus componentes neonatal e pós-natal na região metropolitana. Todos os modelos ajustados mostraram que quanto mais recente o ano, menor o risco de mortalidade. O risco ajustado da mortalidade infantil e seus componentes neonatal e pós-neonatal foi menor em Niterói. Conclusão. A Baixada Fluminense apresentou o maior risco de mortalidade infantil e de seus componentes neonatal e pós-neonatal na região metropolitana. Detectamos estabilização das taxas de mortalidade nos últimos anos.

2.
Nursing (Ed. bras., Impr.) ; 26(303): 9854-9860, set.2023. tab
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS, BDENF | ID: biblio-1511820

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: analisar o perfil sociodemográfico e comparar as diferenças das características de mulheres com alterações citológicas de alto grau em um serviço da atenção secundária. Método: estudo transversal retrospectivo de 2017 a 2021 realizado em 160 prontuários (CAAE 51800621.3.0000.5240). Resultados: predominaram mulheres com média de idade 40,7 anos, escolaridade abaixo do ensino médio, tiveram um a três filhos, não utilizavam preservativos e anticoncepcionais, não tabagistas e com alterações citopatológicas alto grau. As características com maiores percentuais para lesões citopatológicas de alto grau foram mulheres com quatro ou mais gestações, idade do parto menor ou igual a 18 anos, coitarca menor ou igual a 15 anos e tabagistas. Conclusão: serviços da rede de atenção, especialmente da atenção primária à saúde, devem capacitar permanentemente os profissionais visando cumprimento de fluxos assistenciais preconizadas pelas recomendações das diretrizes brasileiras de rastreamento da neoplasia cérvico-uterina atentando ao perfil encontrado de mulheres encaminhadas a atenção secundária.(AU)


Objective: analyzes the sociodemographic profile and compare the differences in the characteristics of women with high-grade cytological alterations in a secondary care service. Method: retrospective cross-sectional study from 2017 to 2021 carried out in 160 medical records (CAAE 51800621.3.0000.5240). Results: women predominated with a mean age of 40.7 years, education below high school, had one to three children, did not use condoms and contraceptives, non-smokers and with high-grade cytopathological alterations. The characteristics with the highest percentages for high-grade cytopathological lesions were women with four or more pregnancies, age at birth less than or equal to 18 years, coitarche less than or equal to 15 years, and smokers. Conclusion: services of the care network, especially primary health care, should permanently train professionals in order to comply with the care flows recommended by the recommendations of the Brazilian guidelines for screening cervical uterine neoplasia, paying attention to the profile found of women referred to secondary care.(AU)


Objetivo: analizar el perfil sociodemográfico y comparar las diferencias en las características de mujeres con alteraciones citológicas de alto grado en un servicio de segundo nivel de atención. Método: estudio transversal retrospectivo de 2017 a 2021 realizado en 160 historias clínicas (CAAE 51800621.3.0000.5240). Resultados: predominaron las mujeres con edad media de 40,7 años, escolaridad inferior a la secundaria, con uno a tres hijos, no usuarias de preservativo y anticonceptivos, no fumadoras y con alteraciones citopatológicas de alto grado. Las características con mayor porcentaje de lesiones citopatológicas de alto grado fueron mujeres con cuatro o más embarazos, edad al nacer menor o igual a 18 años, coitarquia menor o igual a 15 años y fumadoras. Conclusión: servicios de la red de atención, especialmente la atención primaria a la salud, deben capacitar permanentemente a los profesionales para cumplir con los flujos de atención recomendados por las recomendaciones de las directrices brasileñas para el tamizaje de la neoplasia cérvico-uterina, prestando atención al perfil encontrado de las mujeres referidas atención secundaria.(AU)


Subject(s)
Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms , Mass Screening , Women's Health , Continuity of Patient Care
3.
Rev. Assoc. Med. Bras. (1992, Impr.) ; 69(3): 463-468, Mar. 2023. tab
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1422659

ABSTRACT

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to describe the current situation of sexual aggression and assess the adhesion to ambulatory care follow-up. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study involving female children and adolescents aged 0-19 years, treated at the Center for Multiprofessional Care of Sexual Violence of the General Hospital of Nova Iguaçu, from 2014 to 2018. RESULTS: Of the 453 children and adolescents, 264 (58.3%) were <14 years of age and 189 (41.7%) were 14-19 years of age. In both groups, 78% were black. School delay of >2 years was found in 15.6% of children in the age group <14 years and 40.5% of adolescents in the age group 14-19 years [p<0.001; OR=3.7 (2.1-65)]. In girls aged £13 years, abuse usually occurred at home (73.2%), which was perpetrated by one aggressor (91%) and known to the victim (91.2%). In adolescents aged ≥14 years, 84.1% of rapes occurred outside the home, practiced by one aggressor (74.8%), 57.8% were unknown, and in 91.2% of cases, there was use of physical force and/or verbal threats. The victims aged <14 years have 14 times more chance of experiencing aggression within the family setting [p<0.001; OR=14.3 (8.2-25.6)] and 16 times more chance of experiencing aggression from known persons [p<0.001; OR=16.2 (9.2-29.8)]. On the contrary, adolescents aged ≥14 years have three times more chance of being abused by more than one aggressor [p<0.001; OR=3.3 (1.8-6.1)]. CONCLUSION: Black girls, especially those aged <14 years, are in a situation of greater vulnerability for sexual violence, have less adhesion to follow-up, and often experience aggression in the household setting.

5.
Braz. oral res. (Online) ; 37: e053, 2023. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS, BBO | ID: biblio-1439751

ABSTRACT

Abstract Halitosis affects all populations worldwide. The presence of chronic halitosis may be related to a health problem. Patients with bad breath usually seek a gastroenterologist and, in some cases, invasive and expensive exams, such as digestive endoscopy, are performed to investigate the etiology of halitosis. This study aimed to investigate whether the prevalence of bad breath in patients diagnosed with dyspepsia (any pain or discomfort in the upper abdomen) is higher than or equivalent to that in non-dyspeptic patients. This is a cross-sectional study that included 312 patients from university hospitals in the city of Rio de Janeiro (141 dyspeptic patients and 171 non-dyspeptic ones). The presence of halitosis was defined based on different cutoff points. Association analyses were performed using a log-binomial model and 95% confidence intervals were calculated for the coefficients, adjusting for sex and age. The equivalence test (Westlake) was used to test the hypothesis of equivalence between the proportions of patients with bad breath in the two groups (dyspeptic vs. non-dyspeptic), considering an equivalence band of ± 15%. The prevalence of bad breath ranged from 30% to 64% according to the definition of bad breath. Dyspepsia was not associated with bad breath in any of the three definitions of bad breath (two specific ones and a sensitive one). The proportion of patients with marked bad breath was equivalent in patients with and without dyspepsia.

6.
J. appl. oral sci ; 31: e20220412, 2023. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1440410

ABSTRACT

Abstract This study aimed to analyze the accuracy of two methods for detecting halitosis, the organoleptic assessment by a trained professional (OA) with volatile sulfur compounds (VSC) measurement via Halimeter® (Interscan Corporation) and information obtained from a close person (ICP). Methodolody Participants were patients and companions who visited a university hospital over one year period to perform digestive endoscopy. A total of 138 participants were included in the VSC test, whose 115 were also included in the ICP test. ROC curves were constructed to establish the best VSC cut-off points. Results The prevalence of halitosis was 12% (95%CI: 7% to 18%) and 9% (95%CI 3% to 14%) for the OA and ICP, respectively. At the cut-off point >80 parts per billion (ppb) VSC, the prevalence of halitosis was 18% (95%CI: 12% to 25%). At the cut-off point >65 ppb VSC, sensitivity and specificity were 94% and 76%, respectively. At the cut-off point >140 ppb, sensitivity was 47% and specificity 96%. For the ICP, sensitivity was 14% and specificity 92%. Conclusions VSC presents high sensitivity at the cut-off point of >65 ppb and high specificity at the cut-off point of >140 ppb. ICP had high specificity, but low sensitivity. The OA can express either occasional or chronic bad breath, whereas the ICP can be a potential instrument to detect chronic halitosis.

7.
Rev. Assoc. Med. Bras. (1992, Impr.) ; 69(5): e20221513, 2023. tab
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1440849

ABSTRACT

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to assess the rate of repeated pregnancy in adolescence and its association with early marriage and education level. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study conducted by searching the Live Births Data System. The study included all adolescents in the age group 10-19 years with live births from 2015 to 2019 (n=2,405,248), divided into three groups: G1: primiparas; G2: with 1 previous pregnancy; and G3: with two or more previous pregnancies. RESULTS: Total repeated pregnancies remained stable, along the years. In the age group 10-14 years, the decrease in the period was from 5.0 to 4.7%, whereas in the age group 15-19 years, it was from 27.8 to 27.3%. Being married or in a stable union increases by 96% the chance of repeated pregnancy in the age group 10-14 years (p<0.001; OR=1.96; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.85-2.09). In the age group 15-19 years, the chance of repeated pregnancy among the married or in stable union increased 40% (p<0.001; OR=1.40; 95%CI 1.39-1.41)). Girls aged 10-14 years with an education level of<8 years had a 64% higher chance of repeated pregnancy (p<0.001; OR=1.64; 95%CI 1.53-1.75), and among those aged 15-19 years, there was a 137% higher chance of repeated pregnancy (p<0.001; OR=2.37; 95%CI 2.35-2.38). CONCLUSION: Repeated pregnancy in adolescence in Brazil remains very high over the years. There is an association between low education level and early marriage with repeated pregnancies in adolescence.

8.
Ciênc. Saúde Colet. (Impr.) ; 28(12): 3619-3629, 2023. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1528302

ABSTRACT

Abstract This study aims to characterize the morbidity of COVID-19 in the year 2020 by identifying the most vulnerable areas and areas of clustering of cases in a favela from Rio de Janeiro/Brazil known as Manguinhos. This is a cross-sectional descriptive study performed from March 16, 2020, to August 12, 2020. We described the sociodemographic profile of the cases and performed spatial analysis using point and Kernel maps. Incidence rates were calculated by sex, age, and sub-regions. The incidence rate was 202/10,000. We detected clusters of cases west, central-north, and central-south of Manguinhos. High incidence rates were observed also in sub-regions of central-north, central-south, and southwest. In the sub-regions with high incidence, the percentage of people depending on financial governmental aid ranged between 13% and 21%. The sub-regions with the highest agglomeration of cases in the territory of Manguinhos coincide with the regions with the highest incidence rates, but not with the poorest regions of the territory.


Resumo O objetivo deste estudo é caracterizar a morbidade da COVID-19 no ano de 2020, identificando as áreas mais vulneráveis e áreas de aglomeração de casos em uma favela do Rio de Janeiro/Brasil conhecida como Manguinhos. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo transversal realizado de 16 de março a 12 de agosto de 2020. Descrevemos o perfil sociodemográfico dos casos e fizemos análise espacial por meio de mapas de pontos e Kernel. As taxas de incidência foram calculadas por sexo, idade e sub-regiões. A taxa de incidência foi de 202/10.000 habitantes. Detectamos aglomerados de casos a oeste, centro-norte e centro-sul de Manguinhos. Altas taxas de incidência foram observadas também nas sub-regiões centro-norte, centro-sul e sudoeste. Nas sub-regiões com alta incidência, o percentual de pessoas dependentes de ajuda financeira governamental variou entre 13% e 21%. As sub-regiões com maior aglomeração de casos no território de Manguinhos coincidem com as regiões com as maiores taxas de incidência, mas não com as regiões mais pobres do território.

9.
Rev. Assoc. Med. Bras. (1992) ; 68(4): 536-541, Apr. 2022. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1376162

ABSTRACT

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to analyze the occurrence and risk factors associated with infections during pregnancy in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. METHODS: This is a retrospective cohort study using the data of pregnant women who were followed up between 2011 and 2018 at a university hospital. RESULTS: The data of 221 pregnant women with systemic lupus erythematosus were analyzed. The incidence of infections was 22.6% (50/221), with the urinary tract being the most frequent site of infection (32/221, 14.5%) followed by the respiratory tract (15/221, 6.8%). The bivariate analysis showed that active disease, hematological systemic lupus erythematosus, reduced complement, and use of prednisone ≥5 and ≥10 mg increased the chance of infection during early pregnancy (p=0.05, p=0.04, p=0.003, p=0.008, and p=0.02, respectively), while disease activity and anti-DNA positivity increased it at the end of pregnancy (p=0.03 and p=0.04, respectively). Prednisone at a dose ≥5 mg increased the chance of infection in the beginning (p=0.01) and at the end of pregnancy (p=0.008). Multivariate analysis showed that increasing the dose of prednisone from 5 to 10 mg tripled the chance of developing infections in pregnant women with lupus (p=0.02). CONCLUSION: The study showed an increased chance of infections in pregnant women with systemic lupus erythematosus and it was associated with the use of prednisone.

10.
Ciênc. Saúde Colet. (Impr.) ; 27(3): 1157-1170, mar. 2022. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1364677

ABSTRACT

Abstract This study aimed to analyze the role of period, geographic and socio demographic factors in cancer-related mortality by prostate, breast, cervix, colon, lung and esophagus cancer in Brazilians capitals (2000-2015). Ecological study using data of Brazilian Mortality Information. Multilevel Poisson models were used to estimate the adjusted risk of cancer mortality. Mortality rate levels were higher in males for colon, lung and esophageal cancers. Mortality rates were highest in the older. Our results showed an increased risk of colon cancer mortality in both sexes from 2000 to 2015, which was also evidenced for breast and lung cancers in women. In both genders, the highest mortality risk for lung and esophageal cancers was observed in Southern capitals. Midwestern, Southern and Southeastern capitals showed the highest mortality risk for colon cancer both for males and females. Colon cancer mortality rate increased for both genders, while breast and lung cancers mortality increased only for women. The North region showed the lowest mortality rate for breast, cervical, colon and esophageal cancers. The Midwest and Northeast regions showed the highest mortality rates for prostate cancer.


Resumo Este estudo teve como objetivo analisar o papel de fatores temporais, geográficos e sociodemográficos na mortalidade por câncer de próstata, mama, colo do útero, cólon, pulmão e esôfago nas capitais brasileiras (2000-2015). Estudo ecológico utilizando informações brasileiras de mortalidade. Modelos de Poisson multinível foram usados ​​para estimar o risco ajustado de mortalidade por câncer. Os níveis de mortalidade foram maiores em homens para câncer de cólon, pulmão e esôfago. As taxas de mortalidade foram mais altas nos idosos. Nossos resultados mostraram risco aumentado de mortalidade por câncer de cólon em ambos os sexos de 2000 a 2015, o que também foi evidenciado para câncer de mama e de pulmão em mulheres. Em ambos os sexos, o maior risco de mortalidade para câncer de pulmão e esôfago foi observado nas capitais do Sul. As capitais do Centro-Oeste, Sul e Sudeste apresentaram o maior risco de mortalidade por câncer de cólon tanto para homens quanto para mulheres. A taxa de mortalidade por câncer de cólon aumentou para ambos os sexos, enquanto a mortalidade por câncer de mama e de pulmão aumentou apenas para as mulheres. A região Norte apresentou a menor taxa de mortalidade por câncer de mama, colo do útero, cólon e esôfago. As regiões Centro-Oeste e Nordeste apresentaram as maiores taxas de mortalidade por câncer de próstata.


Subject(s)
Breast Neoplasms/epidemiology , Prostate , Cervix Uteri , Colon , Esophagus , Multilevel Analysis , Lung
11.
Saúde debate ; 45(spe2): 56-67, dez. 2021. graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1390343

ABSTRACT

RESUMO Em países desenvolvidos, a utilização de recursos tecnológicos digitais é considerada uma ferramenta potente para o enfrentamento da Covid-19. No entanto, no Brasil, a implantação desses recursos nas unidades de saúde ainda é bastante deficitária e não priorizada pela gestão. O propósito deste trabalho é relatar a experiência de implantação do aplicativo InfoSaúde, iniciada em julho de 2020, na atenção primária, para a otimização das ações direcionadas ao controle da Covid-19 em uma comunidade vulnerável. A definição dos requisitos do aplicativo e dos fluxos operacionais foram obtidos por meio de questionários padronizados para os profissionais de saúde e usuários, resultando em três macroprocessos: Prevenção, Atendimento e Monitoramento, testados e validados pelos profissionais e usuários, e com interface ao sistema de informação da unidade. Os resultados encontrados foram: a) Retorno às ações de prevenção com informação a distância; b) Agilização das intervenções pela integração de setores de: Assistência, Laboratório e Vigilância; redução da sobrecarga de trabalho e risco ocupacional com atividades a distância; e c) Melhoria no sistema de informação e capacidade de intervenção precoce a distância. A implantação de recurso tecnológico simples na atenção primária é factível, contribuindo para integralidade do cuidado, redução do risco ocupacional e carga de trabalho.


ABSTRACT In developed countries, the use of digital technological resources is a powerful tool to face COVID-19. However, in Brazil, the implementation of these resources in the public health clinics is still very deficient and not prioritized by the management. The purpose of this paper is to report the experience of implementing the InfoSaúde application, started in July 2020, in primary care, for the optimization of actions aimed at controlling COVID-19 in a vulnerable community. The definition of application requirements and operational flows was based by standardized questionnaires for health professionals and users, which resulted in three macro-processes: Prevention, Care and Monitoring, tested and validated by professionals and users with an interface to the clinic's information system. The results were as follows: a) Return to prevention actions with remote information; b) Streamlining interventions by integrating the Assistance, Laboratory and Surveillance sectors; reduction of work overload and occupational risk with distance activities and, c) Improvement in the information system and capacity for early intervention at a distance. The implementation of a simple technological resource in primary care is feasible, contributing to comprehensive care, reducing occupational risk, and workload.

12.
Acta fisiátrica ; 28(1): 30-35, mar. 2021.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1342337

ABSTRACT

A Esclerose Lateral Amiotrófica (ELA) é uma doença neurodegenerativa caracterizada por perda irreversível dos neurônios motores da medula espinal, tronco encefálico e córtex cerebral, levando à atrofia muscular, espasticidade e consequentemente à morte. Objetivo: Verificar a prevalência da ELA na Associação de Assistência à Criança Deficiente (AACD) ­ Unidade Ibirapuera e caracterizar os indivíduos acometidos quanto à evolução da doença durante o processo de reabilitação, a fim de traçar um perfil epidemiológico desta população. Método: Trata-se de um estudo retrospectivo, baseado em informações contidas em prontuário, referentes a pacientes que realizaram reabilitação durante o período de janeiro de 2008 a janeiro de 2018, sendo a busca pelos dados guiada a partir de formulário desenvolvido exclusivamente para este estudo. Resultados: A prevalência dos pacientes com ELA em tratamento na clínica de doenças neuromusculares é de 11,6%. O perfil desses pacientes é ligeiramente maior do sexo feminino de cor branca, com uma média de idade de 59 anos, sendo a hipertensão arterial sistêmica a comorbidade mais encontrada. A forma de ELA mais frequente foi a esporádica, e o medicamento mais utilizado foi o Riluzole. Houve grande variabilidade de objetivos fisioterapêuticos e aumento do uso da ventilação mecânica não invasiva. Não houve associação entre a presença de marcha na última avaliação e o tempo do paciente em fisioterapia. Conclusão: Os objetivos estão de acordo com a literatura, bem como demonstram a importância de conhecermos melhor a população para termos uma abordagem multidisciplinar mais adequada para estes pacientes.


Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by irreversible loss of motor neurons in the spinal cord, brainstem and cerebral cortex, leading to muscle atrophy, spasticity and consequently death. Objective: To verify theprevalence of ALS in the Associação de Assistência à Criança Deficiente (AACD) ­ Ibirapuera's unit and to characterize the individuals affected by the disease during the rehabilitation process, in order to draw an epidemiological profile of this population. Method: This is a retrospective study, based on information contained in medical records, referring to a study conducted during the period from January 2008 to January 2018, being a data search guided by a resource developed for this study. Results: The prevalence of patients with ALS in the treatment of neuromuscular diseases is 11.6%. The profile of these patients is slightly higher in white females, with a mean age of 59 years, with systemic arterial hypertension being the most common comorbidity. The most common ALS was sporadic, and Riluzole was the most commonly used drug. There was great variability of physiotherapeutic objectives and an increase in the use of non-invasive mechanical ventilation. There was no association between the presence of gait in the last evaluation and the time of the patient in physical therapy. Conclusion: The objectives are in agreement with the literature, as well as it cites the importance of knowing the population better to have a multidisciplinaryapproach more suitable for these patients.

13.
Rev. saúde pública (Online) ; 55: 1-9, 2021. tab
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS, BBO | ID: biblio-1352189

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE Compare official data on notifications of sexual violence against girls aged 10 to 13 years with data on pregnancy for the same age group between 2012 and 2018. METHODS This is an epidemiological, descriptive, cross-sectional study with data from the Department of Informatics of the Unified Health System (DATASUS) on violence against and pregnancy of girls aged 10 to 13 years from 2012 to 2018. Data on sexual violence were accessed in the Health Information System (SINAN); on pregnancy, in the Live Births Information System (SINASC), on fetal deaths, in the Mortality Information System (SIM), and on abortions, in the Hospital Admission System (SIH). RESULTS Between 2012 and 2018, out of 136,387 pregnancies, there were 120,185 live births and 15,402 interrupted pregnancies by abortions or fetal deaths of mothers who became pregnant aged 13 years or younger. In the same period, SINAN received 46,548 notifications of sexual abuse against girls aged 10 to 13 years. The number of girls who became pregnant before the age of 14, victims of statutory rape, was 2.9 times higher than the number of cases notified to SINAN. CONCLUSION The lack of adequate notification of statutory rapes in Brazilian official statistics leads to the underestimation of its magnitude.


RESUMO OBJETIVO Comparar dados oficiais notificados de violência sexual contra meninas de 10 a 13 anos com dados sobre gravidez nessa mesma faixa etária entre 2012 e 2018. MÉTODOS estudo epidemiológico, descritivo, de corte transversal, com dados do Departamento de Informática do Sistema Único de Saúde (DATASUS) sobre violência e gestação de meninas com idades entre 10 e 13 anos, dos anos de 2012 a 2018. Os dados sobre violência sexual foram acessados no Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação (SINAN). Os dados sobre gravidez foram buscados em três Sistemas de Informação: o de Nascidos Vivos (SINASC), o de Mortalidade (SIM), para os óbitos fetais e o de Internações hospitalares (SIH), para os de aborto. RESULTADOS No período de 2012 a 2018 houve 136.387 gestações, sendo 120.185 nascimentos e 15.402 gestações interrompidas por aborto ou óbito fetal de mães que engravidaram com 13 anos ou menos. No mesmo período foram notificados ao SINAN 46.548 casos de abuso sexual de meninas com idades entre 10 e 13 anos. O número de meninas que engravidaram antes dos 14 anos, vítimas de estupro de vulnerável, foi 2,9 vezes maior do que o número de casos notificados ao SINAN. CONCLUSÃO A falta de registro adequado do estupro de vulnerável nas estatísticas oficiais no Brasil leva a subestimativa de sua magnitude.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Rape , Sex Offenses , Violence , Brazil/epidemiology , Cross-Sectional Studies
14.
Ciênc. rural (Online) ; 51(1): e20190244, 2021. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1133335

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT: Glyphosate is a broad-spectrum herbicide capable of controlling a wide range of weed. It uses could cause the occurrence of residues in conventional or genetically modified crops. For this purpose, grains (soybean and corn) and cotton seeds were sampled from commercial areas in 2012/2013 to 2017/2018 seasons in different Brazilian agricultural regions to monitor glyphosate residues levels and its metabolite (aminomethylphosphonic acid - AMPA) after different managements. The glyphosate residues levels ​​in genetically modified corn (GM) ranged from no detected (ND) to 0.15 mg kg-1, in GM soybean values ​​ranged from ND to 2.81 mg kg-1 and in GM cotton ranged from ND to 1.78 mg kg-1. AMPA residues levels ​​indicated a correlation with the glyphosate residues. Glyphosate residues levels in soybean and corn grains and cotton seeds were within the Maximum Residue Limits (MRLs) established by ANVISA and Codex Alimentarius.


RESUMO: O glifosato é um herbicida de amplo espectro capaz de controlar uma grande diversidade de ervas daninhas e seu uso pode acarretar na ocorrência de resíduos, seja em culturas convencionais ou geneticamente modificadas. Sendo assim, amostragens de grãos de soja e milho e de sementes de algodão foram realizadas em áreas comerciais nas safras de 2012/2013 a 2017/2018 em diferentes regiões agrícolas brasileiras com o objetivo de monitorar os níveis de resíduos de glifosato e seu metabólito (ácido aminometilfosfônico - AMPA) após diferentes manejos. Os níveis de resíduos de glifosato em milho geneticamente modificados (GM) tolerante ao glifosato variaram desde não detectados (ND) a até 0,15 mg kg-1, em soja GM tolerante ao glifosato os valores variaram de ND a 2,81 mg kg-1 e em algodão GM tolerante ao glifosato os resultados se estabeleceram entre ND a 1,78 mg kg-1. Os valores de resíduos de AMPA indicaram correlação com os resíduos de glifosato. Os níveis de resíduos de glifosato em grãos de soja e milho e sementes de algodão ficaram dentro dos Limites Máximos de Resíduos (LMRs) preconizados pela ANVISA e Codex Alimentarius.

15.
Saúde debate ; 44(125): 400-410, Abr.-Jun. 2020. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1127455

ABSTRACT

RESUMO No atual contexto de transição epidemiológica, as Unidades de Pronto Atendimento (UPA) passaram a exercer papel fundamental no atendimento à população idosa, com destaque para diagnósticos relacionados com trauma, doenças cardiovasculares e doenças respiratórias. Este trabalho teve como objetivo fazer uma análise do atendimento à população de idosos nas UPA do município do Rio de Janeiro entre os anos 2013 e 2015, levando em conta os diagnósticos mais prevalentes de acordo com a Classificação Internacional de Doenças, as classificações de risco relativas a cada grupo de doenças e os desfechos após o atendimento médico. Detectou-se maior prevalência de atendimentos do sexo feminino, assim como um aumento considerável no número de diagnósticos atendidos em idosos com o passar dos anos. Observou-se que a maioria desses idosos foi classificada como risco Amarelo, e a maior parte dos desfechos foi alta ou encaminhamento a especialistas. A rede de atenção à saúde deve preparar-se para o aumento das demandas desse grupo etário, sendo especialmente necessário um incentivo à procura pela atenção primária em busca da prevenção.


ABSTRACT In the current context of epidemiological transition, Emergency Care Units (UPA) have started to play a fundamental role in assisting the elderly population, with emphasis on diagnoses related to trauma, cardiovascular diseases and respiratory diseases. This study aimed to analyze the care provided to the elderly population in the UPA in the city of Rio de Janeiro between the years 2013 and 2015, taking into account the most prevalent diagnoses according to the International Classification of Diseases, the relative risk classifications each group of diseases and the outcomes after medical care. It was detected a higher prevalence of female visits, as well as a considerable increase in the number of diagnoses attended in the elderly over the years. It was observed that most of these elderly people were classified as Yellow risk, and most of the outcomes were discharged or referred to specialists. The health care network must prepare itself to increase the demands of this age group, being especially necessary to encourage the search for primary care in pursuit of prevention.

16.
Saúde debate ; 44(125): 362-371, Abr.-Jun. 2020. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1127463

ABSTRACT

RESUMO O câncer do colo uterino é uma importante causa de morte no Brasil. O objetivo deste estudo é avaliar a mortalidade por esse câncer na população brasileira, entre 2012 e 2016, conhecendo a mortalidade nos grupos etários e nas diferentes regiões. Foi realizado um estudo de corte transversal descritivo. Os dados foram obtidos pelo Sistema de Informações sobre Mortalidade. Entre 2012 e 2016, o total de óbitos por câncer do colo do útero foi de 27.716 casos. A taxa de mortalidade específica para o Brasil passou de 6,86 para 7,18. O crescimento do coeficiente de mortalidade foi de 4,6%. Nas mulheres abaixo de 25 anos, observaram-se 189 mortes, o que equivale a 0,68% do total. Entre 25 e 64 anos, houve 18.574 óbitos (67,02%), e 8.950 mortes no grupo acima de 64 anos (32,29%). O maior percentual de óbitos ocorreu na faixa etária de 50-54 anos. A região Norte apresentou os maiores índices de óbitos e taxas de mortalidade, e o Sul o maior índice de crescimento. A mortalidade por câncer do colo uterino no Brasil apresentou crescimento durante os anos observados, com mais óbitos entre 50-54 anos. A região Sul apresentou o maior crescimento nas taxas de mortalidade.


ABSTRACT Cervical cancer is an important cause of death in Brazil. The aim of this study is to find out the mortality rate due to this cancer in the female population, between 2012 and 2016, knowing the mortality in the age groups and in the different regions. A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out. Data were obtained using the Mortality Information System. Between 2012 and 2016, the total number of deaths due to cervical cancer was 27.716 cases. The specific mortality rate for Brazil went from 6,86 to 7,18. The growth of the mortality coefficient was 4.6%. In women under 25 years of age, 189 deaths were observed, equivalent to 0.68% of the total. Between 25 and 64 years, there were 18.574 deaths (67.02%) and 8.950 deaths in the group over 64 years (32.29%). The highest percentage of deaths occurred in the 50-54 age group. The North region had the highest death rates, and the South, the highest growth rate. Cervical cancer mortality in Brazil increased during the years observed, with more deaths between 50-54 years. The South region showed the highest growth in mortality rates.

17.
Acta fisiátrica ; 27(1): 45-50, mar. 2020.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1129961

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Estimar a prevalência da dupla deficiência motora e identificar as características social, demográficas, clinicas e relacionadas á reabilitação desses indivíduos. Métodos: Estudo descritivo retrospectivo realizado em um centro de reabilitação com indivíduos com dupla deficiência motora decorrente de amputação de membro inferior associada à hemiparesia após acidente vascular cerebral (AVC). Características sociodemografica, clinica e relacionada a reabilitação foram coletadas através de consulta a prontuários. Resultados: A prevalência da dupla deficiência motora foi de 5,4%. Dos 76 indivíduos avaliados, 69,7% eram do sexo masculino, com média de idade de 65,6 (±9,3). A hipertensão arterial sistema estava presente em 96,1% dos indivíduos e 25% eram tabagistas. Mais que 73% dos pacientes tiveram o AVC prévio à amputação. O tempo entre as lesões foi, em mediana, de 23 meses, as sequelas foram ipsilaterais em 51,3% dos pacientes. Desses, 54 pacientes (71%) foram encaminhados para as terapias físicas. O tempo entre a dupla deficiência e o início da terapia foi de 28 meses, com tempo de reabilitação total de 14,3 meses. Ao fim do processo de reabilitação 36% alcançaram suas metas, mas 30% teve alta devido a falta de adesão ao tratamento. Conclusão: A prevalência da dupla deficiência motora devido a hemiparesia após AVC e amputação de membro inferior foi 5,4%, e a população estudada apresentou características singulares relacionada ao processo de reabilitação, como um longo tempo entre a ocorrência da dupla deficiência e o inicio da reabilitação, e um longe tempo na reabilitação.


Objectives: To estimate the prevalence of dual motor disability and to identify social, demographic, clinical and rehabilitation-related characteristics. Methods: Retrospective descriptive study in an outpatient rehabilitation center with individuals with dual motor disability from major lower limb amputation associated to post-stroke hemiparesis. Social demographic, clinical and rehabilitation characteristics data were collected from medical record. Results: The prevalence of dual motor disability was 5.4%. Seventy-six subjects were evaluated, 69.7% were male, with a mean age of 65.6 ± 9.3 years. Hypertension was present in 96.1% of subjects, and 25% were smokers. Over 73% of patients had had the stroke prior to amputation. Time elapsed between lesions had a median of 23 months, and sequelae were ipsilateral in 51.3% of patients. Of these, 54 patients (71%) were referred to physical therapy. The time interval between dual disability and the beginning of therapy was 28 months, with total rehabilitation time of 14.3 months. At rehabilitation completion, 36% achieved their goals but 30% were discharges consequent to lack of compliance. Conclusion: The prevalence of dual motor disability due to hemiparesis secondary to stroke and lower limb amputation in a rehabilitation center was 5.4%. Our population showed singular characteristics related to the rehabilitation process, such as a long time between the occurrence of dual disability and the beginning of rehabilitation, and long rehabilitation period.


Subject(s)
Paresis , Stroke , Amputation, Surgical , Rehabilitation , Epidemiology
19.
Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop ; 53: e20190193, 2020. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1057301

ABSTRACT

Abstract INTRODUCTION: Prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus among adolescents is increasing. This study aimed to analyze this current situation in Rio de Janeiro City. METHODS: This was a retrospective longitudinal study using secondary data from the National System of Notifiable Diseases database of cases in adolescents aged 13-19 years. RESULTS: There were 885 acquired immunodeficiency syndrome cases from 1978 to 2017 and 445 human immunodeficiency virus new cases from 2014 to 2017. Over time, sexually transmitted human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome cases increase. CONCLUSIONS: Human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome epidemic in adolescents requires novel prevention policies.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Young Adult , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/epidemiology , Epidemics , Urban Population , Brazil/epidemiology , Epidemiologic Methods
20.
Rev. Assoc. Med. Bras. (1992) ; 65(9): 1209-1215, Sept. 2019. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1041077

ABSTRACT

SUMMARY INTRODUCTION Teenage pregnancy is a universal phenomenon, with higher prevalence in developing countries. Although there has been a reduction in Brasil since the year 2000, the age-specific fertility rate for this age group remains high. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the frequency of adolescence pregnancy in in Brasil from 2006 to 2015 and its association with the Human Development Index (HDI). METHODS A descriptive epidemiological study, conducted by searching the database of the Department of Informatics of the Unified Health System (DATASUS), using information from the Information System on Live Births (SINASC) for the five Brazilian regions. RESULTS There was a reduction in the percentage of live births (LB) from adolescent mothers (10 to 19 years old) in Brasil by 13.0% over the last ten years. This decline was observed in all Brazilian regions among mothers aged 15 to 19 years. The number of LB increased by 5.0% among mothers aged 10 to 14 years in the North and decreased in the other regions, with higher rates in the South (18.0%). The specific fertility rate for the 15-19-year-old group decreased from 70.9/1,000 to 61.8/1,000 in the period. The proportion of LB is inversely associated with the HDI, except in the Northeast (the lowest HDI in the country), where there was a significant reduction (18.0%) among mothers aged 15-19 and 2% among those aged 10-14 years. CONCLUSION Teenage pregnancy in Brasil is in slow decline, especially among mothers aged 10-14 years and is inversely associated with the HDI, except in the Northeast.


RESUMO INTRODUÇÃO A gravidez na adolescência é fenômeno universal, com maior prevalência nos países em desenvolvimento. Embora venha apresentando redução desde 2000 no Brasil, a taxa de fecundidade específica para essa faixa etária permanece elevada. OBJETIVO Avaliar a frequência da gravidez na adolescência no Brasil, no período de 2006 a 2015, e a associação com o Índice de Desenvolvimento Humano (IDH). MÉTODO Estudo epidemiológico, descritivo, realizado por busca no banco de dados no Departamento de Informática do Sistema Único de Saúde (Datasus), utilizando informações do Sistema de Informação sobre Nascidos Vivos (Sinasc) sobre as cinco regiões brasileiras. RESULTADOS Ocorreu queda do percentual de nascidos vivos (NV) de mães adolescentes (10 a 19 anos) no Brasil de 13,5% nos últimos dez anos. Essa redução foi notada em todas as regiões brasileiras, entre mães de 15 e 19 anos. O número de NV aumentou 5,0% entre aquelas de 10 a 14 anos na Região Norte e foi reduzido nas demais regiões, sendo maior no Sul (18,0%). A taxa de fecundidade específica de 15-19 anos diminiu de 70,9/1.000 para 61,8/1.000 no período. A proporção de NV se associa inversamente ao IDH, exceto no Nordeste, onde ocorreu importante redução (18,0%) entre as mães de 15-19 anos e de 2% entre 10-14 anos. CONCLUSÃO A gravidez na adolescência no Brasil encontra-se em lento declínio, especialmente entre 10-14 anos, e está inversamente associada ao IDH, exceto no Nordeste.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Adolescent , Adult , Young Adult , Pregnancy in Adolescence/statistics & numerical data , Socioeconomic Factors , Pregnancy Rate/trends , Brazil/epidemiology , Birth Rate , Maternal Age , Live Birth/epidemiology
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