ABSTRACT
Objective: To monitor coverage and outcomes associated with the activities of the integrated protection system for early childhood Chile Grows with You (CHCC), which includes the comprehensive psychosocial development of children between 18 months and 3 years old, in each of the 29 Health Services of the country, as well as the changes observed after 4 years. Material and Method: Database analysis of all local public networks in the country between 2008 and 2011 was performed. The application of the test regarding psychomotor development, prevalence of development delay and risk, participation of mothers in educational workshops, home visits and recovery rate of deficient children by age were studied. Median and observed changes of each indicator were analyzed developing a ranking based on the results observed. Results: Approximately 75% of children were evaluated, with a prevalence of delay or risk of about 5% and a rate of recovery close to 50%. The participation of mothers in educational workshops increased from 7.6 to 11.0% (p <0.001) and home visits to developmentally delayed children increased 6 times between 2009 and 2011 (p <0.001). Most changes were positive, although the prevalence of developmentally delayed children under 2 years slightly increased (0.6%), and the recovery of 3 year olds decreased (-14.4%). A great variability was observed among the Health Services. Conclusions: There are some positive results in relation to psychomotor development, with significant regional differences. A lower than expected deficit rate regarding psychomotor development was observed, which implies the need to further analyze the instrument used or the conditions of application.
Objetivo: Monitorear la cobertura y resultados de las principales actividades planificadas en el subsistema de protección social Chile Crece Contigo (CHCC) en relación al desarrollo psicosocial integral en niños de 18 meses y 3 años, en cada una de los 29 Servicios de Salud del país y los cambios observados en 4 años. Material y Método: Análisis de bases de datos de todos los establecimientos de la Red Pública del país, 2008 y 2011. Se estudió: aplicación del test de desarrollo psicomotor, prevalencia de retraso y riesgo del desarrollo, participación de madres en talleres educativos, visitas domiciliarias integrales y tasa de recuperación de niños con déficit según edad. Se analizó mediana y cambio observado de cada indicador por servicios de salud y se elaboró un ranking en función de los resultados observados. Resultados: Aproximadamente el 75% de los niños fueron evaluados, con una prevalencia de retraso o riesgo del orden de 5% y tasa de recuperación cercana al 50%. La participación de madres en talleres educativos aumentó de 7,6 a 11,0% (p < 0,001) y las visitas domiciliarias en niños con rezago 6 veces entre el 2009 y 2011 (p < 0,001). La mayor parte de los cambios fueron positivos, aunque aumentó levemente la prevalencia de rezago en menores de 2 años (0,6%) y disminuyó la recuperación de niños de 3 años (-14,4%). Destaca amplia variabilidad entre servicios de salud. Conclusiones: Existen algunos resultados positivos en relación al desarrollo psicomotor, con importantes diferencias regionales. Destaca una tasa de déficit del desarrollo psicomotor menor a lo esperado, lo que implica la necesidad de revisar el instrumento utilizado o las condiciones de aplicación.
Subject(s)
Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Infant , Male , Child Development , Child Health Services/organization & administration , Developmental Disabilities/therapy , Psychomotor Performance/physiology , Age Factors , Chile , Developmental Disabilities/epidemiology , Mothers/education , Prevalence , RiskABSTRACT
Objetivo: Evaluar el grado de implementación de las actividades de Chile Crece Contigo en el embarazo y parto en los 29 Servicios de Salud del país. Método: Análisis de bases de datos del DEIS, Ministerio de Salud 2008 y 2011 por Servicios de Salud. Se analizó mediana y percentiles de gestantes en riesgo psicosocial, visitas domiciliarias integrales, participación de madres en talleres educativos, parto acompañado y apego precoz y el cambio de cada uno de ellos en el período estudiado. En función de la magnitud de los cambios se generó un nuevo indicador que permitió clasificar a los Servicios de Salud en terciles, considerando el tercil superior aquellos con cambios más positivos. Resultados: Ingresaron a control prenatal cerca de 200 mil mujeres cada año, que representan aproximadamente el 80 por ciento de los recién nacidos del país. Se observó un aumento significativo de 16 a 22 puntos porcentuales en todas las variables estudiadas (p<0,005), excepto en visitas domiciliarias en gestantes en riesgo psicosocial, que disminuyeron de 1,6 a 1,1 (p<0,001), con variaciones importantes entre Servicios de Salud. Conclusión: Ha habido un esfuerzo importante para modernizar el Programa de la Mujer y mejorar el control prenatal, parto y puerperio, aunque no se ha reflejado en los indicadores de salud. Las diferencias de comportamiento por Servicios de Salud ofrece la oportunidad de profundizar en el análisis de las causas que lo explican y la posibilidad de definir estrategias para lograr mejores resultados...
Objective: To assess the degree of implementation of the activities of Chile Crece Contigo in pregnancy and childbirth in the 29 country's health services. Method: Analysis of DEIS databases, Ministry of Health 2008 and 2011 by Health Services. Median and percentiles were analyzed at psychosocial risk in pregnant women, comprehensive home visits, mothers participate in educational workshops, childbirth accompanied and early bonding and changing during the study period. Depending on the magnitude of the changes generated a new indicator that allowed classification of Health Services in tertiles, the highest tertile considering those with more positive changes. Results: prenatal entered nearly 200,000 women each year, approximately 80 percent of all pregnant women in the country. We observed a significant increase of 16-22 percentage points for all variables studied (p<0.005), except home visits to pregnant women in psychosocial risk decreased from 1.6 to 1.1 (p<0.001), with important variations by Health Services. Conclusion: There has been a major effort to modernize the Program for Women and improving prenatal care, childbirth and postpartum, although not reflected in health indicators. The differences in behavior Health Services offers the opportunity to deepen the analysis of the causes that explain and the ability to define strategies to achieve better results...
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Health Programs and Plans , Maternal Welfare , Process Assessment, Health Care , Maternal Health Services/statistics & numerical data , Chile , Prenatal Care , Health Policy , Risk Groups , Women's Health ServicesABSTRACT
Background: The Chilean Ministry of Health has developed a health promotion program called «Vida Chile¼, whose aim is to target risk factors for chronic diseases. To achieve this, school-based initiatives in nutrition and physical activity have been implemented. The evaluation of these initiatives includes a baseline assessment of these two variables. Aim: Baseline assessment of the nutritional status and aerobic capacity of elementary school children (1st to 8th grade). Material and methods: Children from seven public schools were studied. Weight, height, triceps skinfold thickness and waist circumference were measured. To test the aerobic capacity, the 20-m Shuttle Run Test (Navette) was utilized. Results: The assessment included 4,271 children, mean age was 10.2 years. The percentile of body mass index, as compared to the CDC 2000 Reference was 67.8±26.7 and 68±26.7 for boys and girls, respectively. The prevalence of obesity among children from 6 to 8 years, was 20.3 and 17.7% for boys and girls, respectively. Approximately 30% of males and 15% of females with normal weight had a good aerobic resistance, compared to 15 and 4% of their overweight counterparts. Aerobic capacity decreased with increasing age. Conclusions: There is a high prevalence of obesity and a deficient level of aerobic capacity among children attending public schools in Chile.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Child Nutrition/physiology , Exercise/physiology , Health Promotion/standards , Nutritional Status , Age Distribution , Body Weights and Measures , Chile/epidemiology , Nutrition Surveys , Obesity/epidemiology , Prevalence , Sex Distribution , StudentsABSTRACT
The increasing consumption of junk food and snacks in Chile in recent years and its association with marketing strategies and prevalent diseases, is reviewed. In the context of world economy, junk food is a global phenomenon. The availability of junk food and snacks at low prices and marketing has triggered an evolution of consumption of foods that require neither the structure nor the preparation of a formal meal. Many studies have suggested that the increase in snack consumption is associated with an increase in obesity, tooth decay and other chronic diseases among children and adolescents. The hypothesis suggests a link between the pattern of snack consumption and an increase increase in the energy density of food consumed, a decrease in satiety, passive over consumption, and an increase in obesity. Between 1977 and 1996, the contribution: of snacks to daily energy intake among children between 2 and 5 years increased by 30% in the United States. In each age group in Chile the frequency of non-transmissible chronic diseases is increasing due primarily to a westernized diet that is high in fat, cholesterol, sodium, and sugar and a sedentary lifestyle. Education about junk food consumption and healthy eating habits in the family, starling since childbirth and public policies about healthy lifestyles should be strengthened.
Subject(s)
Child , Child, Preschool , Humans , Infant , Nutrition Assessment , Child Nutritional Physiological Phenomena , Feeding Behavior , Anthropology , Chile , Industry , Obesity/etiology , Tooth Diseases/etiologyABSTRACT
Revisamos los nuevos desafíos en los estudios nutricionales asociados a los rapidos cambios en los habitos de alimentación que estan ocurriendo en el mundo moderno. La estrategias para analizar este ambito deben incluir una complementación entre las ciencias nutricionales y sociales. Describimos aquí las técnicas utilizadas en Ciencias Sociales, particularmente aquellas de la Antropologia, que aportan a una mejor comprensión de los problemas de salud relacionados con la conducta alimentaria. Se pone especial énfasis en las metodologias cualitativas aplicables a los problemas nutricionales. Finalmente describimos las potencialidades y dificultades de diferentes técnicas tales como: etnografía, observación, entrevista, grupos de discusión y grupos focales