ABSTRACT
To assess specific anti-cytomegalovirus [CMV] antibodies, clinical status, and demographic data in pregnant women and their infants in northeast Iran. This cross-sectional study was conducted on 225 systematic randomly selected-pregnant women and their newborns attending public hospitals in Mashhad, Iran between December 2007 and January 2008. Two specialists performed clinical assessment and obtained the demographic data. The sera from mothers and the umbilical cord of infants were then collected at the time of delivery and anti-CMV antibodies, IgG, and IgM, were measured. Although, all mothers and their neonates were positive for anti-CMV IgG [100%], only 6 were positive for anti-CMV specific IgM [2.6%], and their infants were negative. However, in one infant the clinical features of CMV infection were observed by radiological evaluation [CT scan] [0.4%]. There was no correlation between anti-CMV IgG in neonates and number of parity, history of abortion, mothers` and neonates' blood groups, gestational age, and economical status. However, the concentration of anti-CMV IgG in neonates with normal delivery was significantly lower than with cesarean delivery [p=0.03], and in girls compared with boys [p=0.04]. Anti-CMV IgG transmission to neonates is associated with gender and type of delivery. Despite anti-CMV IgM showing active CMV infection in mothers, virus transmission to the fetus might not occur
ABSTRACT
The differential efficacy between long GnRH agonist with antagonist can partly be due to the preexisting differences in the early antral follicles before ovarian stimulation. To compare the effect of pretreatment by estradiol with GnRH antagonist on antral follicular size coordination and basal hormone levels in GNRH antagonist protocol. On cycle day 3 [control/day 3], women underwent measurements of early antral follicles by ultrasound and serum FSH and ovarian hormones then were randomized to receive oral estradiol 4mg/day [n=15] or 3mg cetrorelix acetate [n=15] in luteal phase before subsequent antagonist protocol. Participants were re-evaluated as on control/day 3. There was a significant reduction of mean follicular sizes in each group after medical intervention [7.63 +/- 2.11 Vs. 4.30 +/- 0.92 in group A and 8.73 +/- 1.96 Vs. 4.13 +/- 1.11 in group B] [p=0.0001]. The magnitude of follicular size reduction was significantly higher in group B [-4.60 +/- 2.04 Vs. -3.33 +/- 2.28] [0.027]. There was a non significant attenuation of follicular size discrepancies in two groups. FSH and inhibin B levels in the day 3 of the next cycle in both groups were significantly decreased but did not have significant difference between two groups. Both luteal E2 and premenstrual GnRH antagonist administration reduces the follicular sizes significantly and GnRH antagonist acts more potently than E2 in this way but attenuation of follicular size discrepancies in both treatment is not significant
ABSTRACT
Preeclampsia occurs in approximately 5-12% of pregnancies, and its aetiology remains unknown. The most prevalent quantitative assessment of the amount of protein excreted in the urine for the diagnosis of preeclampsia is a 24-hour urine collection. However, the collection and analysis of 24-hour urine specimens is cumbersome and time consuming for both the patient and the laboratory. This study was undertaken to validate the prediction of 24-hour urine protein excretion by a single voided urine protein-to-creatinine [p:c] ratio in a hospitalized pregnant population at our institution. This study was an analytical observation study investigation and was performed on 30 hospitalized pregrant women who were diagnosed as preeclampsia at 22 Bahman Hospital from 1382-1383. Pregnant patients who were admitted to the antepartum unit at 22-Bahman Hospital, and who were undergoing a 24-hour urine collection for the quantitation of proteinuria, were recruited. A single urine specimen was obtained after the completion of 24- hour urine collection and analyzed for the protein- to- creatinine ratio. Multiple linear regression was used to determine the correlation between the 24-hour urine protein excretion and spot urine protein-to-creatinine ratio. The strength of the association was assessed with the Pearson correlation coefficient. The correlation of the 24-hour urine protein and protein-to-creatinine ratio with other variables [including maternal age, gestational age, parity, blood pressure and weight] were assessed. Multiple linear regression was used to detect any confonuding effects. Thirty patients completed the study. There was a significant correlation between the 24-hour urine protein and the protein-to-creatinine ratio [r=85%, p<0/001]. The associations of maternal age, gestational age, weight, parity and blood pressure at the time of collection with protein-to-creatinine ratio and 24- hour urine protein were weak and not significant. On the basis of multiple linear regression, there was no confunding effect of maternal age, gestational age, parity, weight and blood pressure.Our data supports the use of single protein-to-creatinine ratio in hospitalized pregnant patients to predict the 24- hour urine protein result