ABSTRACT
Background: Astrocytomas are common malignant brain tumours. Ki-67/MIB-1 index serves as an important supplementary tool in the diagnosis and prognosis of human astrocytoma
Methods: Forty [40] cases of various histopathological [WHO] grades of astrocytoma [Pilocytic, diffuse, Anaplastic and Glioblastoma multiforme] were included in this study. Ki-67/MIB-1 labelling index of these tumours was estimated by immunohistochemistry, performed on paraffin sections. Histopathological grading and Ki-67/MIB-1 labelling index were compared. The results were analyzed by one way ANOVA
Results: Out of 40 cases two were diagnosed as pilocytic astrocytoma [WHO grade-1] with a mean Ki-67/MIB-1 labelling index of 0.7+/-1.4 [range 0.6-0.8%]. Thirteen cases were of diffuse astrocytoma [WHO grade II], with a mean Ki-67/MIB-1 labelling index of 3.07+/-3.7 [range 1-15%]. Nine cases were diagnosed as Anaplastic astrocytoma [WHO grade III] with a mean Ki67/MIB-1 labelling Index of 11.55+/-7.8 [range 2-35%]. Sixteen cases were diagnosed as Glioblastoma multiforme with a mean Ki-67/MIB-1 labelling Index of 14.1+/-8.9 [range [5-36%]. ANOVA showed a significant differences between four compared groups [p=0.003]
Conclusion: Immunohistochemical analysis of Ki-67/MIB-1 labelling index increases significantly with increasing grade of malignancy. The Ki-67/MIB-1 labelling index can be used as an adjuvant to histopathological grading for proper diagnosis and grading of astrocytoma especially in borderline cases and in small biopsies
ABSTRACT
The objective of the current study was to asses the cytomporphometric changes in buccal mucosal smears of naswar users. The study groups consisted of 24 subjects divided into two groups i.e A control group and B naswar users of ages between 15yrs-60yrs. Cellular diameter CD, nuclear diameter ND and nuclear to cytoplasmic ratio N/C ratio was assessed in buccal mucosal smears taken from clinically normal mucosa of naswar users and normal subjects using exfoliative cytology. The mean cellular diameter of group A and B was 43.93microm and 44.13microm respectively. The mean nuclear diameter of control group and naswar users was 9.99microm and 11.88microm respectively. And the mean N/C ratio of group A and B was 1: 4.42 and 1: 3.71 respectively. The independent T test showed significant results [p
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Mouth Mucosa , Cytological TechniquesABSTRACT
The purpose of this study was to find out the prevalence of fetomaternal hemorrhage [FMH] and its quantification in the third trimester of pregnancy. This cross-sectional study was conducted from April 1999 to April 2000. 500 females in the third trimester of pregnancy were selected from the outdoor of Obstetrics/Gynecology of Sir Ganga Ram Hospital Lahore. Kleihauer's acid elution test was done to see the prevalence of FMH and the hematological parameters performed were hemoglobin estimation and blood groups of patients. Out of 500, 384 subjects were multigravida [76.8%] and 116 subjects were primigravida [23.2%]. They were further evaluated under the following headings. [1] i] Multigravida [MG] without risk factors. ii] Multigravida with risk factors. 2] i] Primigravida [PG] without risk factors. ii] Primigravida with risk factors. The prevalence of FMH is 5.6%, with MG 5.3% and PG 6.5% and the volume of FMH was in the range of 0.2-2 ml
ABSTRACT
Hydatidiform mole is an abnormal gestation characterized by trophoblastic hyperplasia and overgrowth of placental villi. Hydatidiform mole is classified as complete [CHM] and partial hydatidiform mole [PHM]. The diagnosis is based on histopathology and genetic origin. The incidence of molar pregnancy varies in different parts of the world. The malignant potential of this disease is higher in south East Asia as compared to western countries. Objective of the present study was to determine the frequency, clinical presentation and morphological features of hydatidiform mole. This retrospective, descriptive case series was conducted in the Department of Pathology Postgraduate Medical Institute and Lahore General Hospital, from 1st Jan 2009 to 31st Dec 2010. The case records of all the molar pregnancy specimens during the study period were analysed regarding patient's history, clinical examination, morphological features and laboratory investigations. The main outcomes were measured in terms of duration, gestational age, morphological features and investigations. A total of 60 cases were examined during the study period, which included 40 cases of complete hydatidiform mole and 20 cases of partial hydatidiform mole. Frequency of CHM was higher as compared to PHM. The disease was common at extremes of ages. Morphological findings of CHM differ from PHM on the basis of degree of trophoblastic hyperplasia, villous contours and scalloping, presence of distinct cisterns and nucleated Red Blood Cells [RBC] in fetal vessels. We concluded that there is no single criterion for the differentiate CHM and PHM. P57[kip2] expression can be used in association with the histological findings for a definite diagnosis
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Hydatidiform Mole, Invasive , Retrospective Studies , Gestational Trophoblastic DiseaseABSTRACT
Background: Helicobacter pylori is an important cause of chronic gastritis, gastric ulceration and gastric malignancies as gastric carcinoma and MALT lymphoma. Its definitive diagnosis is based on histopathology. Routine H and E stain is not very effective in its detection, immune-stains and fluorescent stains are costly. Need for simple cheap and sensitive stain has always been a topic of hot debate and extensive research. Method: paraffin embedded blocks of all adult patients diagnosed as chronic gastritis/gastric ulceration with no accompanying gastric pathology as hypertrophic gastropathys, and neoplasias were taken into study. Three sections of 4 micron were cut and stained with routine H and E, Giemsa, and Cresyl fast violet. Results: Total number of patients was 50. Out of these 37 [74%] were males and 13 [26%] were females. Mean age of the patients was 50.4 years. Thirty-four percent [34%] were positive in normal H and E stain, 68% were positive in Giemsa and 76% were positive in Cresyl fast violet. Conclusion: Cresyl fast violet is a good stain for diagnosis of H. pylori gastritis. Keywords: H pylori, chronic gastritis, H pylori staining methods