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1.
Med. infant ; 29(1): 23-29, Marzo 2022. Tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1366940

ABSTRACT

Introducción: existen dos rutas para realizar el reemplazo de esófago (RE), la retroesternal (RRE) y la mediastinal posterior (RMP). El objetivo del estudio es comparar los pacientes que recibieron un ascenso gástrico parcial empleando estas dos rutas. Material y métodos: Se revisaron las historias clínicas de 51 pacientes con ascenso gástrico parcial, en 27 años en el Hospital Garrahan. Se utilizó la vía RRE en 25 casos y la RMP en 26. Fueron comparados los datos epidemiológicos de los grupos y las variables para valorar la dificultad del acto quirúrgico, evolución inmediata y alejada. El estudio es comparativo, retro-prospectivo y longitudinal. Resultados: las características generales de los pacientes fueron similares. Los que recibieron el ascenso gástrico por vía RMP presentaron una menor incidencia de dehiscencia (p=0,017), de enfermedad por reflujo gastroesofágico (ERGE) (p=0,001) y de dumping (p=0,0001). No hubo diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre los dos grupos al comparar la duración del procedimiento, días de internación total y en Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos (UCI), días de permanencia en asistencia respiratoria mecánica (ARM), inicio de alimentación oral y estenosis de la anastomosis. Se observó una tendencia clínicamente relevante, que no alcanzó significancia estadística en las complicaciones intraquirúrgicas y número de dilataciones postoperatorias. No hubo necrosis del ascenso. Fallecieron 2 pacientes. Conclusiones: considerando la menor incidencia de dehiscencia, ERGE y dumping reemplazados por RMP, elegimos a ésta como nuestra primera opción para el reemplazo esofágico en la infancia (AU)


Introduction: The two routes for esophageal replacement (ER) are retrosternal (RRE) and posterior mediastinal (PMR). The aim of the study was to compare patients who received a partial gastric pull-up using either of these two routes. Material and methods: The clinical records of 51 patients who underwent partial gastric pull-up over 27 years at the Garrahan Hospital were reviewed. The RRE route was used in 25 and the RMP in 26 cases. The epidemiological data of the groups and the variables to evaluate the complexity of the surgical procedure, and shortand long-term outcome were compared. A comparative, retroprospective, and longitudinal study was conducted. Results: the general characteristics of the patients were similar. Those who underwent gastric pull-up via PMR had a lower incidence of dehiscence (p=0.017), gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) (p=0.001), and dumping (p=0.0001). No statistically significant differences were found between the two groups when comparing the duration of the procedure, days of total hospital and intensive care unit (ICU) stay, days on mechanical ventilation (MV), initiation of oral feeding and stenosis of the anastomosis. A clinically relevant trend, which did not reach statistical significance, was observed in intraoperative complications and number of postoperative dilatations. There was no necrosis of the pull-up. Two patients died. Conclusions: considering the lower incidence of dehiscence, GERD, and dumping associated with PMR, this was our first choice for esophageal replacement in infancy (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Anastomosis, Surgical/methods , Esophagectomy/methods , Esophageal Atresia/surgery , Esophageal Atresia/chemically induced , Esophagoplasty/methods , Postoperative Complications , Comparative Study , Prospective Studies , Retrospective Studies , Longitudinal Studies , Treatment Outcome
2.
Arch. cardiol. Méx ; 91(2): 221-228, abr.-jun. 2021. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1248789

ABSTRACT

Resumen La insuficiencia cardiaca (IC) representa uno de los problemas mundiales de salud pública más importantes, ya que existe un aumento en su prevalencia y se estima que 23 millones de la población mundial viven con este problema. Esta entidad se define por la presencia de anormalidades estructurales y funcionales del músculo cardiaco que conducen a un deterioro en la capacidad del llenado y eyección ventricular. Múltiples comorbilidades se han asociado a un incremento en el riesgo de desarrollo de enfermedades cardiovasculares. La hipertensión se ha reconocido como uno de los factores más importantes, sin embargo, la obesidad, el síndrome metabólico, así como la diabetes, también juegan un papel importante en la aparición de dicha enfermedad. Es frecuente encontrar en pacientes hospitalizados con IC deterioro en el estado nutricional caracterizado principalmente por la presencia de deficiencias nutricionales y sarcopenia, que, en ocasiones, puede progresar y manifestarse como caquexia. Por lo anterior, una evaluación adecuada mediante el uso correcto de herramientas para detección de riesgo nutricional es imperativa, se hace necesaria para prevenir los riesgos que esto implica. Existen múltiples parámetros antropométricos y bioquímicos para definir el estado nutricional de los pacientes hospitalizados, sin embargo, las alteraciones en el volumen sanguíneo presentes en pacientes con IC pueden alterar el resultado de dicha evaluación. Las modificaciones dietéticas en la prevención y tratamiento de diversas enfermedades cardiovasculares mediante un buen apego a patrones de alimentación tales como la dieta DASH (enfoques dietéticos para detener la hipertensión, por sus siglas en inglés) y la dieta mediterránea se han asociado inversamente con la incidencia de IC.


Abstract Heart failure (HF) is one of the most important global public health problems, as there is an increase in its prevalence and an estimated 23 million of the world's population live with this problem. HF is defined by the presence of structural and functional abnormalities of the cardiac muscle leading to an impairment of ventricular filling and ejection. Multiple comorbidities have been associated with an increased risk of developing cardiovascular diseases. Hypertension has been recognized as one of the most important factors, however, obesity, metabolic syndrome, as well as diabetes also play an important role in the onset of the disease. It is common to find in decompensated heart failure hospitalized patients an impaired nutritional status characterized mainly by the presence of nutritional deficiencies and sarcopenia, which can sometimes progress to cachexia. Therefore, an adequate evaluation through the correct use of nutritional risk tools should be the cornerstone to the prevention of risks. Multiple anthropometric and biochemical parameters are available to establish the nutritional status of hospitalized patients, however, alterations in blood volume presented in patients with HF may alter the result of such assessment. The effectiveness of dietary modifications in the prevention and treatment of different cardiovascular diseases enhanced by appropriate adherence to eating patterns such as the DASH and Mediterranean diet have been inversely associated with the incidence of HF.


Subject(s)
Humans , Cachexia , Malnutrition , Heart Failure/complications , Cardiovascular Diseases , Nutritional Status , Heart Disease Risk Factors
3.
Rev. med. vet. zoot ; 66(3): 245-259, sep.-dic. 2019. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1115766

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN Objetivo: caracterización organoléptica, nutricional, microbiológica y digestibilidad in vitro de ensilados de desperdicios de alimentos recolectados en un restaurante de un centro de estudios técnicos y tecnológicos con subproductos de cosecha. Metodología: se realizó un análisis organoléptico, microbiológico, proximal de la composición y digestibilidad in vitro de ensilajes con diferentes niveles de inclusión de desperdicios de alimentos. Resultados: se evidencian características de olor, color y textura óptimas para su palatabilidad, valores nutricionales favorables para el 30, 35 y 40% de inclusión de desperdicios, bajos promedios de proteína, pero con niveles de energía superiores a los del maíz, sorgo y soya. La digestibilidad in vitro de la materia seca (DIVMS) fue mejor para el 35% de inclusión. Así mismo, la Unidad Formadora de Colonias UFC/g para el día 21 fue 1 x10 (Escherichia coli), que se ajusta a las normas para alimentos de animales. Conclusiones: la utilización de ensilados con un 35% de inclusión de desperdicios de alimento puede ser una importante herramienta de suplementación para la alimentación porcina.


ABSTRACT Aim: characterize organoleptic, nutritional, microbiological and in vitro digestibility of food waste silage collected in a restaurant of a technical and technological studies center with harvest by-products. Metodology: it has been make organoleptic analysis, microbiologic, proximal composition, in vitro digestibility of silages with different levels of inclusion of food waste. Results: it is evidenced characteristics of smell, color and texture optimal so as to palatability, favorable nutritional values for 30, 35 and 40% inclusion of waste, low protein levels, but with hight energy levels superior to corn, sorghum and soybeans. The dry mater in vitro digestibility in vitro de la materia seca (DIVMS) was better for 35% inclusión. Moreover, In addition, the UFC/g colony forming units for 21th day was 1 X101 (Escherichia coli), that conforms to the standards for animal feed. Conclusions: to use silages with 35% inclusion of food waste may be one important tool of supplementation for swine feeding.

5.
urol. colomb. (Bogotá. En línea) ; 28(1): 15-18, 2019. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: biblio-1402202

ABSTRACT

Se presenta el caso clínico de un varón de 80 años diagnosticado de leiomiosarcoma testicular primario, a raíz de alteraciones del perfil hepático en analítica sanguínea y lesiones ocupantes de espacio (LOE) hepatoesplénicas en ecografía abdominal. En primer lugar, se realizó punción de lesión hepática y posteriormente orquiectomía radical, revelando concordancia histológica, compatible con leiomiosarcoma intratesticular. Presentamos el caso clínico debido a la rareza de ese tipo de tumores, sobre todo en estadio III, y su peculiar diagnóstico, tras la detección de alteración hepática tanto analítica como ecográfica


We present a case of an 80-year-old male diagnosed with primary testicular leiomyosarcoma due to the detection of hepatic profile analytical alterations and hepatosplenic space-occupying lesions in abdominal ultrasound. Puncture of hepatic lesion was performed first and radical orchiectomy later, revealing histological concordance, compatible with intratesticular leiomyosarcoma. We present the case due to the uncommon of this type of tumors, especially in stage III and its peculiar diagnosis, secondary of hepatic alteration, both analytic and ultrasound.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Aged, 80 and over , Testicular Neoplasms , Orchiectomy , Leiomyosarcoma , Liver/abnormalities , Liver Neoplasms , Biopsy , Ultrasonography , Neoplasms
6.
Rev. otorrinolaringol. cir. cabeza cuello ; 78(4): 378-384, dic. 2018. tab, graf, ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-985742

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN Introducción: El tratamiento de la otitis media crónica (OMC) colesteatomatosa es quirúrgico, cuyo objetivo es erradicar la enfermedad, evitar complicaciones y prevenir recurrencias. El gold standard es la timpanomastoidectomía con canal wall down (TCWD). Estudios en cadáver han definido que TCWD disminuye la audición 1-5 dB en frecuencias <1.000 Hz y 0-10 dB entre 1.000 y 3.000 Hz. De aquí nuestro interés por definir la influencia acústica de la pared posterosuperior del conducto auditivo externo (CAE). Objetivo: Determinar en cuantos decibeles se corrige la audición al reconstituir pared posterior del CAE pos-TCWD. Material y método: Trabajo experimental. A pacientes pos-TCWD se reconstituye de manera transitoria la pared posterior del CAE, realizándose audiometría pre y posprocedimiento. Resultados: 23 pacientes (25 oídos), promedio 48,8 años (18-72 años). En 96% existió una diferencia favorable al reconstruir la pared posterior, presentando una mejoría auditiva entre 1,2 y 10,6 dB (4,2 ± 2,8 dB). En frecuencias <1.000 Hz la mejoría fue de 6,0 dB (p <0,001), entre 1.000-3.000 Hz fue 2,6 dB (p <0,001) y >3.000 Hz no hubo diferencia. Considerando PTP de vía aérea la mejoría fue 4,6 dB (p <0,001). Conclusión: Nuestro estudio demuestra que existe mejoría auditiva en la gran mayoría de oídos evaluados al reconstituir la pared posterosuperior del CAE, alcanzando 6 dB en frecuencias <1.000 Hz y 2,6 dB en frecuencias medias. Si consideramos los PTP de vía aérea la mejoría es de 4,6 dB en presencia de pared posterior.


ABSTRACT Introduction: Cholesteatomas treatment is surgical and the goals are complete resection of it, to prevent complications and recurrences. The gold standard operative technique is canal wall down tympanomastoidectomy (CWDT), which reduces the recurrence rate lower than 2%. Studies on human temporal bones have defined that CWDT causes a decrease of 1 to 5 dB at frequencies below 1000 Hz and 0 to 10 dB between 1000 and 3000 Hz. Aim: To determine how many decibels the hearing is improved by reconstituting the posterior wall of the ear canal (EC) in patients after CWDT. Material and method: Experimental study. In patients after CWDT, the posterior wall of EC was reconstructed temporarily. Audiometry was performed before and after the procedure. Results: 23 patients were enrolled (25 ears evaluated). Average age 48.8 years (range 18 to 72 years). In 96% of the ears there was a difference after the procedure with a hearing improvement of 4.2 ± 2.8dB. In frequencies below 1000 Hz, hearing improvement was 6.0 dB (p<0.001), between 1000-3000 Hz, the improvement was 2.6 dB (p<0.001) and >3000 Hz there was no difference. When considering the airway-conduction pure tone average (PTA), the difference was a 4.6 dB improvement (p<0.001). Conclusions: Our study shows that there is a hearing improvement in the vast majority of ears that were evaluated by reconstituting the posterior wall of the EC, reaching a gain of 6 dB at frequencies <1000 Hz and 2,6 dB at mid frequencies. Considering the airway PTA, the improvement is 4.6 dB in the presence of posterior canal wall.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Young Adult , Otitis Media/surgery , Otologic Surgical Procedures , Cholesteatoma, Middle Ear , Audiometry , Chile , Recovery of Function , Ear Canal/surgery
7.
Enferm. univ ; 13(3): 142-150, jul.-sep. 2016. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS, BDENF | ID: biblio-840346

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Evaluar las intervenciones educativas de enfermería para el autocuidado en las mujeres durante el climaterio. Método: Cuantitativo, cuasiexperimental y transversal. Muestreo de tipo no probabilístico en el que participaron 30 mujeres. Se aplicaron 2 instrumentos: Uno que incluyó datos sociodemográficos y el otro, un cuestionario de autocuidado. Se llevó a cabo en 3 etapas: Diagnóstica, de intervención y de evaluación. Se aplicó prueba de t de Student no paramétrica para comparar grupos dependientes. Resultados: Antes de las intervenciones educativas del personal de enfermería, el 90% de las mujeres refirieron un autocuidado regular, el 6.7% bueno y el 3.3% malo; después del programa de intervenciones, el 60% refieren autocuidado regular y el 40%, bueno. Conclusión: Las intervenciones educativas de enfermería para el autocuidado -mediante la aplicación de un programa- dirigido a mujeres durante el climaterio, permitieron modificar el autocuidado al contribuir en la concientización, toma de decisiones, cambios de conducta. De tal forma que la participación de enfermería dentro de la promoción de la salud es fundamental, ya que busca el bienestar integral y el desarrollo de la mujer en esta etapa de la vida.


Objective: To assess nursing educational interventions fostering women's self-care during their climacteric period. Method: This is a quantitative, quasi-experimental, and transversal study with non-probabilistic sampling. Thirty women participated. Two instruments were used: One to gather social and demographic data, and the other to obtain the self-care data. The study was carried out in 3 stages: Diagnosis, intervention, and evaluation. The non-parametric Student's t test was calculated to compare dependent groups. Results: Before the interventions, 90% of the women referred having a just-fair self-care level, while 6.7% a good one, and 3.3% a bad one. After the interventions program, 60% of the women referred having a just-fair self-care level, but 40% reported a good one. Conclusion: Nursing educational interventions fostering women's self-care during their climacteric period led to a positive modification of self-care behaviors among these women by contributing to their awareness and good decision-making. Nursing participation in the promotion of health is fundamental, including women's wellbeing during this difficult stage of their lives.


Objetivo: Avaliar as intervenções educativas de enfermagem para o autocuidado nas mulheres durante o climatério. Método: Quantitativo, quase experimental e transversal. Amostragem de tipo não probabilística, participaram 30 mulheres. Aplicaram-se 2 instrumentos, um que incluiu dados sociodemográficos e o questionário de autocuidado. Executou-se em três etapas: Diagnóstica, de intervenção e de avaliação. Aplicou-se prova de t de Student não paramédica para comparar grupos dependentes. Resultados: Antes das intervenções educativas do pessoal de enfermagem, o 90% das mulheres referiram um autocuidado regular, 6.7% bom e 3.3% mau, depois do programa de intervenções, 60% referem autocuidado regular e 40% bom. Conclusão: As intervenções educativas de enfermagem para o autocuidado-mediante a aplicação do programa- dirigido a mulheres durante o climatério permitiram modificar o autocuidado para contribuir na conscientização, tomada de decisões, mudanças de conduta. De tal forma que a participação de enfermagem dentro da promoção da saúde é fundamental, dado que procura o bem-estar integral e o desenvolvimento da mulher nesta etapa da vida.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Middle Aged , Self Care , Women , Climacteric , Nursing
8.
Bol. micol. (Valparaiso En linea) ; 31(1): 19-27, jun. 2016. ilus, tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-868808

ABSTRACT

Las amilasas (alfa-amilasa, EC 3.2.1.1 y glucoamilasa, EC 3.2.1.3) son enzimas extracelulares que hidrolizan el almidón en dextrinas hasta glucosa y tienen gran aplicación industrial, especialmente alimentaria; detergentes y en la producción de alcohol a partir de granos. El objetivo del trabajo es seleccionar un hongo filamentoso que presente alta producción de amilasas con características particulares para ser empleadas en biodetergentes. Se estudiaron los siguientes hongos: Penicillium expansum; P. digitatum; P. islandicum; Aspergillus clavatus; A. niger; A. ochraceus; A. fumigatus; A. flavus; A. oryzae; A. nidulans y Geotrichum candidum; Los ensayos se realizaron en un medio de hidrolizado de papa de descarte (variedad Spunta) suplementado con las siguientes sales: KH2 PO4 1,0; NaNO3 3,0; MgSO4 .7H2 O 0,5, a pH 4,0; se inoculó con 2 x106 conidios/mL y se incubaron a 25ºC en un agitador rotatorio a una velocidad de agitación de 250 rpm. Con los extractos enzimáticos parcialmente purificados con (NH4 )2 SO4 al 60 por ciento de saturación, se estudió el efecto del pH (2,5; 3,5; 4,0; 4,5; 5,0; 5,5; 6,0, 7,0 y 8,0) y la temperatura (20; 25; 30; 35 y 40ºC). Los resultados mostraron que la máxima producción de enzima (128 U/L) se obtuvo con Aspergillus niger, en las condiciones ensayadas, a las 48 h de incubación, con alto rendimiento de producto respecto a la biomasa (Yp/x= 18,3 U/g) y productividad volumétrica (Pdv=2,7 U/L). El análisis cualitativo de las enzimas del complejo amilolítico de A. niger mostró que las amilasas implicadas son alfa-amilasa y glucoamilasa y se caracterizaron por hidrolizar en un tiempo de 3 min. manchas mixtas de almidón y grasas de muestras textiles en un rango de pH 4,0 a 8,0 y de 20 a 40 ºC.


The amylases (alpha-amylase, EC 3.2.1.1 and glucoamylase, EC 3.2.1.3) are extracellular enzymes that hydrolyze starch into dextrins to glucose and have great application industrial, especially food, detergents and in the production of alcohol from grains. The objective of the study is to select a filamentous fungus that present high production of amylases showing attractive features to be used in biodetergentes. Were studied following fungus: Penicillium expansum; P. digitatum; P. islandicum; Aspergillus clavatus; A niger; A. ochraceus; A. fumigatus; A. flavus; A. oryzae; A. nidulans and Geotrichum candidum. The tests were conducted in the medium of hydrolyzed potato discard (variety Spunta) supplemented with the following sales: KH2 PO4 , 1.0; NaNO3 , 3.0 and MgSO4 .7H2 O, 0.5, to pH 4.0. Were inoculated with 2 x 106 conidia/ mL and incubated at 25 °C on a rotary Shaker at a speed of 250 rpm. With partially purified enzyme extracts with (NH4 )2 SO4 at 60 percent of saturation, we studied the effect of pH (2.5; 3.5; 4.0; 4.5; 5.0; 5.5; 6.0, 7.0 and 8.0) and temperature (20; 25; 30; 35, and 40 ° C). The results showed that the maximum production of enzyme (128 U/L) was obtained with Aspergillus niger, under the conditions tested, at 48 h of incubation, with high product formation rate with respect to biomass (Yp/x = 18.3 U/g) and volumetric productivity (Pdv = 2,7 U/ hL). The qualitative analysis of the enzymes of the complex amylolític of A. niger showed that involved amylases are α-amylase and glucoamylase and characterized by hydrolyze in 3 min spots mixed starch and fats of textile samples over a range of pH 4.0 to 8.0 and 20 to 40 ° C.


Subject(s)
Amylases/analysis , Aspergillus niger/isolation & purification , Aspergillus niger/enzymology , Fungi/enzymology , Biodegradation, Environmental , Detergents , Hydrogen-Ion Concentration , Hydrolysis , Starch , Temperature
9.
Rev. chil. pediatr ; 86(3): 189-193, jun. 2015. graf, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-760113

ABSTRACT

Introdución: La ingesta accidental de cáusticos en pediatría no dispone de un consenso claro de actuación. El objetivo de este estudio fue caracterizar la población pediátrica atendida por ingesta de cáusticos en un centro asistencial. Pacientes y método: Estudio descriptivo de los pacientes atendidos en nuestro hospital por la ingesta de cáusticos durante el período 2008-2011. Resultados: Se atendieron 12 pacientes, edad media de 3,8 años (1-13 años). Predominio de varones (58,8%). Un 58,3% ingirió producto alcalino y un 41,6% ácido. El 58,3% no refería sintomatología, el resto refirió vómitos (33,3%), odinofagia (16,6%), hematemesis (8,3%), sialorrea (8,3%) y dificultad respiratoria (8,3%). El 75% presentaron lesiones en la cavidad oral. Todos, salvo un caso, fueron accidentales. Se realizó endoscopia al 100% entre las 12 y 24 h postingesta con hallazgos patológicos en un 41,6%. En el grupo ingesta de álcalis 2 pacientes presentaron lesiones (16,6%): una esofagitis grado 2B y una grado 3. En el grupo ingesta de ácidos 4 pacientes (33,3%) presentaron lesiones: una esofagitis aguda grado 1-2A, 2 gastritis agudas no erosivas y una gastritis aguda hemorrágica. Se realizó endoscopia de control según los hallazgos endoscópicos previos. Solo 2 presentaron complicaciones posteriores. Conclusiones: Destacamos la valoración endoscópica en las primeras 24 h en todas las ingestas sintomáticas y deliberadas, así como la reevaluación estrecha en las ingestas ácidas, por asociar lesiones diferidas.


Introduction: There is no clear consensus on the management of accidental ingestion of caustic substances in paediatrics. The aim of this study was to determine the profile of the paediatric population treated due to caustic ingestion in a Healthcare Centre. Patients and method: A descriptive study was conducted on patients treated for the ingestion of caustic substances in our hospital during the period 2008-2011. Results: A total of 12 patients were treated, with a mean age of 3.8 years (1-13 years), with the majority males (58.8%). An alkaline product was ingested by 58.3%, and an acid by 41.6%. The majority (58.3%) did not refer to symptoms and the remainder referred to vomiting (33.3%), odynophagia (16.6%), haematemesis (8.3%), hyper-salivation (8.3%) and shortness of breath (8.3%). Oral cavity lesions were observed in 75% of cases. All, except one, were accidental. An endoscopy was performed on all of them (100%) between 12 and 24 hours post-ingestion, with pathological findings in 41.6%. In the group that ingested an alkali, 2 (16.6%) patients had lesions, one a grade 2B and one a grade 3 oesophagitis. In the acid ingestion group, 4 (33.3%) patients had lesions; one grade 1-2A oesophagitis, two acute non-erosive gastritis, and one acute haemorrhagic gastritis. A follow-up endoscopy was performed depending on the previous endoscopic findings. Only two patients presented with complications. Conclusions: Emphasis is placed on the endoscopic evaluation in the first 24 hours of deliberate asymptomatic ingestions, as well as a strict follow-up in those that ingested acids, due to delayed associated lesions.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Burns, Chemical/etiology , Caustics/toxicity , Endoscopy/methods , Esophageal Stenosis/chemically induced , Time Factors , Burns, Chemical/diagnosis , Burns, Chemical/pathology , Caustics/chemistry , Follow-Up Studies , Esophageal Stenosis/pathology , Esophagitis/diagnosis , Esophagitis/chemically induced , Esophagitis/pathology , Gastritis/diagnosis , Gastritis/chemically induced , Gastritis/pathology
10.
Bol. micol. (Valparaiso En linea) ; 30(1): 2-9, jun. 2015. ilus, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-868795

ABSTRACT

La biotecnología ambiental recurre a organismos capaces de reducir los niveles de metales pesados, entre ellos el Cr(VI), contenido en residuos y efluentes agroindustriales. El objetivo del trabajo fue estudiar la biorremediación de un residuo como pulpa de limón contaminada con Cr(VI) y el efecto del metal sobre el crecimiento fúngico. Se utilizaron tres hongos filamentosos como Aspergillus niger; Penicillium expansum y P. islandicum para remediar pulpa de limón (residuo) contaminada con Cr(VI) (50 mg/L) que se realizó en las siguientes condiciones de cultivo: la pulpa se suplementó con urea, 0,006; (NH4) 2SO4, 0,012; KH2PO4,0,003 y KCl, 0,001 g/ g; 105 conidios/g, a pH 2,5, 30°C y 96 h de incubación. Se estudió el efecto tóxico de diferentes concentraciones (5; 10; 20 y 50 mg/L) del metal sobre el desarrollo del hongo de mayor eficiencia de remediación (Ef. por ciento). Aspergillus niger; obtuvo mayor EF. de remediación (97 por ciento) respecto a Penicillium expansum (95 por ciento) y P. islandicum (94 por ciento), del residuo contaminado con 50 mg/L de Cr(VI). Se determinó que la presencia de Cr(VI) y no su concentración estimuló la maduración temprana (48 h) de los conidios (blancos a negros) de A. niger, sin que se observe alteraciones en el micelio con respecto al control (72h), desarrollado en la pulpa sin el metal. En conclusión, A. niger fue más resistente y presentó altas Ef. de remediación de Cr(VI) de residuos sólidos, este proceso es una alternativa a las tecnologías físico-químicas, debido que los microorganismos pueden remover selectivamente diferentes iones de zonas contaminadas.


Environmental biotechnology uses organisms capable of reducing levels of heavy metals, including the Cr (VI), contained in waste and agro-industrial effluents. The objective of this work was to study bioremediation of waste contaminated with Cr(VI) lemon pulp and the effect of the metal on the fungal growth. We used three filamentous fungi such as Aspergillus niger; Penicillium expansum and P. islandicum to remedy pulp from lemon (residue) contaminated with Cr(VI) (50 mg/L) that was conducted in the following conditions of cultivation: the pulp is supplemented with urea, 0.006; (NH4) 2SO4, 0.012; KH2PO4, 0.003 and KCl, 0.001 g / g; 105 conidia/g, at pH 2.5, 30 ° C and 96 h of incubation. We studied the toxic effect of different concentrations (5, 10, 20 and 50 mg/L) of the metal on the development of the fungus increased efficiency of remediation (Ef. percent). Aspergillus niger; obtained greater EF. remediation (97 percent) with respect to Penicillium expansum (95 percent) and P. islandicum (94 percent), 50 mg/L of Cr (VI)-contaminated waste. It was determined that the presence of Cr (VI) and not its concentration stimulated early maturation (48 h) of conidia (white on black) from A. niger, unless you observe alterations in the mycelium as compared to the control (72 h), developed in the pulp without the metal. In conclusion, A. niger was stronger and presented high Ef. remediation of Cr (VI) waste, this process is an alternative to physico-chemical technologies, due to the micro-organisms be removed selectively different ions from contaminated areas.


Subject(s)
Humans , Aspergillus niger/growth & development , Biodegradation, Environmental , Chromium/toxicity , Penicillium/growth & development , Solid Waste/analysis , Environmental Restoration and Remediation/methods , Fungi/growth & development , Metals, Heavy/toxicity , Contaminant Removal/methods , Hazardous Substances/toxicity
11.
Braz. j. biol ; 75(2,supl): 1048-104, May 2015. tab, ilus
Article in English | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1468244

ABSTRACT

The Sinos River Basin (SRB) is located in the northeastern region of the state of Rio Grande do Sul (29º20' to 30º10'S and 50º15' to 51º20'W), southern Brazil, and covers two geomorphologic provinces: the southern plateau and the central depression. It is part of the Guaíba basin, has an area of approximately 800 km 2 and contains 32 counties. The basin provides drinking water for 1.6 million inhabitants in one of the most important industrial centres in Brazil. This study describes different water quality indices (WQI) used for the sub-basins of three important streams in the SRB: Pampa, Estância Velha/Portão and Schmidt streams. Physical, chemical and microbiological parameters assessed bimonthly using samples collected at each stream source were used to calculate the Horton Index (HI), the Dinius Index (DI) and the water quality index adopted by the US National Sanitation Foundation (NSF WQI) in the additive and multiplicative forms. These indices describe mean water quality levels at the streams sources. The results obtained for these 3 indexes showed a worrying scenario in which water quality has already been negatively affected at the sites where three important sub-basins in the Sinos River Basin begin to form.


A Bacia Hidrográfica do Rio dos Sinos (BHRS) está localizada na região Nordeste do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul (29º20' to 30º10'S and 50º15' to 51º20'W), na região Sul do Brasil, envolvendo duas regiões geomorfológicas, o planalto Sul e a depressão central. Esta bacia faz parte da Bacia do Guaíba e tem uma área de aproximadamente 800 km 2, atingindo 32 municípios. A BHRS fornece água de abastecimento para cerca de 1.6 milhões de habitantes e para um dos mais importantes centros industriais do Brasil. Este artigo apresenta a determinação de diferentes índices de qualidade de água (IQA) para as regiões de nascente de três importantes sub-bacias pertencentes à BHRS: arroios Pampa, Estância Velha/Portão e Schmidt. Utilizando parâmetros físicos, químicos e microbiológicos, analisados em amostras coletadas bimestralmente em cada ponto próximo à nascente, foram calculados os índices de Horton (IH), de Dinius (ID) e o índice de qualidade de água da National Sanitation Foundation, EUA (IQANSF) usando os métodos somatório e produtório. Os resultados foram analisados para verificação da qualidade da água nos pontos amostrais a fim de comparar e classificar a água na região das nascentes das três sub-bacias. Uma avaliação conjunta dos índices calculados indicou que a água nos três pontos amostrais apresenta qualidade média. Os resultados dos três índices convergem a um cenário preocupante que indica que, desde os pontos iniciais de formação de três importantes sub-bacias do rio dos Sinos, já ocorrem problemas de qualidade de água.


Subject(s)
Environmental Monitoring/methods , Water Quality , Rivers/chemistry , Brazil
12.
Rev. Hosp. Clin. Univ. Chile ; 26(1): 19-23, 2015. graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-788845

ABSTRACT

The aim of this publication is to update information regarding auditory damage caused by cisplatin and its possible prevention with N acetylcysteine (NAC). Cisplatin is a drug used in the treatment of various cancers. It has various adverse effects including ototoxicity. Ototoxicity manifests as sensorineural high tone hearing loss variable intensities, usually bilateral, irreversible, and occurs primarily owing to the formation of oxygen derived free radicals that trigger apoptosis. High frequency audiometry and distortion-product otoacoustic emissions are the most sensitive tests for the detection of cisplatin ototoxicity and they are comparable. NAC is a thiol compound used as a mucolytic that can prevent ototoxicity by several mechanisms . In vitro, it has been shown to decrease the damage of inner ear hair cells and auditory neurons . In humans, oral and intratympanic NAC has been tested concomitant to cisplatin chemotherapy with variable results, tending to show less hearing damage produced by cisplatin...


Subject(s)
Humans , Acetylcysteine/administration & dosage , Cisplatin/administration & dosage , Cisplatin/adverse effects , Hearing Loss/prevention & control
13.
Br J Med Med Res ; 2014 Dec; 4(35): 5667-5677
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-175779

ABSTRACT

Objective: To assess lifestyle patterns associated with weight loss in newly-diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients (T2DM) in the St Carlos Study. Design: A 3-year, randomized, interventional study with three parallel groups. Setting: A single-center, outpatient clinic-based study. Participants: 195 newly-diagnosed T2DM were randomized to either the intervention group (self monitoring of blood glucose with-or-without an exercise program), or to the HbA1c control group. The same lifestyle-intervention protocol was applied in all patients. A questionnaire was applied to evaluate adherence to recommended lifestyle changes. Main outcome measures: Patients were grouped by quartiles of body-weight loss at the end of follow-up. Analysis: Multivariate linear-regression analyses were conducted to identify the independent effect of lifestyle patterns on three-year weight loss. Results: Following a 3-year follow-up, median body weight loss was 2kg (IQR: -6/2.3). A higher level and an increase on physical activity, both leisure-time activity and sport exercise, and an increase in the nutrition score, mainly due to a higher consumption of nuts in substitution of cured sausages as snacks, and to a higher consumption of vegetables, legumes, whole grain cereals and fruits instead of juices, potatoes and white cereals, were associated to a greater weight loss (p<0.05). There was no association between low-fat diet and reduced body weight. Conclusions and Implications: The application of simple recommendations (enhanced vegetable consumption, nuts for snacks, fruit instead of juices, wholegrain instead of processed cereals, legumes instead of potatoes, increased daily walking and stairclimbing) can achieve long-term, sustained weight loss in T2DM.

14.
Rev. otorrinolaringol. cir. cabeza cuello ; 74(1): 43-48, abr. 2014. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-713537

ABSTRACT

El neumoencéfalo espontáneo de origen otológico es una patología potencialmente mortal, infrecuente y escasamente reportada en la literatura. Resulta interesante conocer su presentación clínica y manejo. Para el diagnóstico es importante tener la sospecha clínica y el estudio de imágenes con tomografía computarizada (TC) habitualmente muestra la dehiscencia en el hueso temporal. El tratamiento debe tener un enfoque multidisciplinario. La decisión de tratamiento conservador y quirúrgico va estar determinado por la gravedad del paciente y características del defecto.


Pneumocephalus otic spontaneous origin is a potentially fatal disease, infrequent and rarely reported in the literature. It is interesting to know its clinical presentation and management. To diagnose it is important to clinical suspicion and imaging study with CT usually shows dehiscence of the temporal bone. Treatment should be a multidisciplinary approach. The decision of conservative and surgical treatment will be determined by the severity of the patient and defect characteristics.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Aged , Pneumocephalus/surgery , Pneumocephalus/diagnostic imaging , Temporal Bone/surgery , Temporal Bone/diagnostic imaging , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Tomography, X-Ray Computed
15.
Rev. otorrinolaringol. cir. cabeza cuello ; 73(3): 249-256, dic. 2013. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-704554

ABSTRACT

Introducción: Los odontólogos se exponen desde su formación universitaria a sonidos potencialmente dañinos en forma rutinaria. Objetivo: Determinar si la presencia de escotoma en las frecuencias 3,4 y 6 kHz está asociada a la exposición a ruido de implementos dentales. Material y método: Se realizó un estudio de corte transversal en estudiantes expuestos a ruido en sus actividades prácticas dentales y otro grupo no expuesto. Se realizaron evaluaciones auditivas a ambos grupos, además de una sonometría y dosimetría en el laboratorio dental. Resultados: Se incluyeron 50 estudiantes de odontología expuestos a ruido de implementos dentales y 107 de otras carreras no expuestos. No se observaron diferencias significativas al comparar los umbrales de ambos grupos. Sin embargo, la frecuencia de escotoma en 4 kHz como en 6 kHz del oído izquierdo fue significativamente mayor en el grupo expuesto. Finalmente, la posibilidad de presentar un escotoma en 4 y 6 kHz del oído izquierdo estuvo significativamente asociada a exposición a ruido dental. Conclusión: La exposición a ruido derivado de prácticas dentales está asociado a escotoma en las frecuencias agudas. Sin embargo, la gran mayoría de los sujetos expuestos no evidenció una elevación de los umbrales por sobre el límite considerado normal.


Introduction: Starting with their time at college, dentists are routinely exposed to potentially harmful sounds. AIM: To determine whether the presence of notch in 3, 4 and 6 kHz frequencies is associated with exposure to noise from dental tools. Material and method: A cross-sectional study was performed with a group of students exposed to noise in their dental practices and with another group that was not exposed. Hearing tests were performed with both groups, along with a sound measurement and dosimetry in the dental laboratory. Results: Fifty dental students were exposed to the noise of dental implements and 107 students were not exposed. No significant differences were observed when comparing the thresholds of both groups. However, the frequency of notch at 4 kHz, as at 6 kHz in the left ear, was significantly higher in the exposed group. Conclusion: Noise exposure derived from dental practices is associated with notch at high frequencies. However, the vast majority of the subjects showed no evidence of a threshold higher than the limit that is considered normal.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Young Adult , Students, Dental , Dental High-Speed Equipment/adverse effects , Hearing Loss, Noise-Induced/etiology , Noise, Occupational/adverse effects , Auditory Threshold , Cross-Sectional Studies , Occupational Diseases/etiology
16.
Rev. otorrinolaringol. cir. cabeza cuello ; 73(3): 257-262, dic. 2013. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-704555

ABSTRACT

La keratosis obturans y el colesteatoma del conducto auditivo externo son dos condiciones caracterizadas por la acumulación patológica de material queratinizado en el oído externo. El primero se presenta con un crecimiento circunferencial que ocluye y remodela el conducto, usualmente sin erosionarlo, mientras que el segundo se caracteriza por erosionar un área del conducto, con necrosis y secuestro óseo. El diagnóstico diferencial entre estas dos entidades es importante, ya que difieren en la presentación clínica, el comportamiento biológico y las complicaciones asociadas. Esto puede verse reflejado en cambios en el manejo terapéutico de estos pacientes.


Keratosis obturans and external auditory canal cholesteatoma are two conditions characterized by the pathological accumulation of keratinized debris in the external ear. The former shows a circumferential growth that occludes and remodels the canal, usually without erosion, whereas the latter is characterized by erosion of part of the canal, with necrosis and bone sequestration. Establishing a differential diagnosis between both diseases is important, because they differ in clinical presentation, biological behavior and associated complications. This can be reflected in the therapeutic management of these patients.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Cholesteatoma/diagnosis , Ear Canal/pathology , Ear Diseases/diagnosis , Keratosis/diagnosis , Diagnosis, Differential
17.
Bol. micol. (Valparaiso En linea) ; 27(1): 18-23, jul. 2012. ilus, graf, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-679649

ABSTRACT

A partir de jarabe de fructosa se aislaron e identificaron microorganismos productores de invertasa. Aspergillus niger IB56 fue el que produjo mayor concentración de la enzima con actividad transferasa (5,6U/ml). Se estudió la producción de fructooligosacáridos (FOS) a diferentes pH (3,0; 4,0; 4,5; 5,0 y 5,5); temperaturas (20, 25, 30 y 40 ºC), concentración de sacarosa (150; 300 y 450 g/l) y tiempos de incubación (60; 90 y 120 min.). La máxima producción de FOS (105 g/l) se obtuvo con una concentración de sacarosa de 300 g/l; a pH 5,0; temperatura 20ºC y a los 60 min de incubación. La enzima invertasa posee especificidad para producir FOS como 1-cestosa y nistosa, prebióticos de importancia en la industria farmacéutica porque tienen efectos benéficos sobre la salud y estimulan la flora microbiana del intestino humano y animal como Lactobacillus y Bifidobacterium.


Several microorganisms that produce invertase were isolated from fructose syrup and identified. Aspergillus nigerIB56 was the one that produced the greatest concentration of the enzyme with transferase activity (5.6 U/ml). We studied the production of fructooligosaccharides (FOS) at different pH (3.0, 4.0, 4.5, 5.0 and 5.5), temperatures (20, 25, 30 and 40ºC), sucrose concentrations (150, 300 and 450 g/l) and incubation times (60, 90 and 120 min.). Maximum FOS production (105 g/l) was obtained with a sucrose concentration of 300 g/l, pH 5.0, at 20 ºC after 60 min of incubation. The enzyme invertase specifically produces FOSsuch as 1-kestose and nistose, which are important prebioticsin the pharmaceutical industry because they have beneficial health effects and stimulate the intestinal microbial flora such as Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium in humans and animals.


Subject(s)
Aspergillus niger/isolation & purification , Aspergillus niger/growth & development , Aspergillus niger/enzymology , Fructose , Fungi , Hydrogen-Ion Concentration , Oligosaccharides , Prebiotics , Sucrose , Temperature
18.
Enferm. univ ; 9(2): 27-36, abr.-jun. 2012. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS, BDENF | ID: lil-706936

ABSTRACT

La seguridad del paciente forma parte de las prioridades de los sistemas de salud a nivel mundial. Es a través de la Alianza Mundial por la Seguridad de los Pacientes que la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) planteó el objetivo de prevenir eventos adversos durante la atención de las personas en las instituciones de salud, asegurando así una atención libre de riesgos. El individuo en su etapa de desarrollo neonatal, se encuentra más vulnerable a sufrir lesiones durante su estancia hospitalaria, por lo que existe la necesidad de contar con medidas de seguridad específicas para evitar riesgos durante su cuidado. Conforme a lo anterior se realizan propuestas de lineamientos aplicadas a este grupo etéreo, basadas en las seis Metas Internacionales para la Seguridad del Paciente establecidas por la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS). En la búsqueda bibliográfica realizada en bases de datos como: Artemisa en línea, Pubmed, Scielo, Cochrane Plus, se identificaron algunos documentos que hacen referencia a estrategias de seguridad para pacientes neonatos; sin embargo es de importancia se realicen más investigaciones en enfermería para un cuidado seguro a este grupo de pacientes.


Patient safety is a priority of health systems worldwide. Through the World Alliance for Patient Safety, the World Health Organization established the objective of preventing adverse events during the attention of persons in health institutions, thus assuring a risk free attention. The individual in his/her neonatal development is more vulnerable to suffering lesions in his/her hospital stay, and because of this, there is a necessity of having specific safety measures to prevent risks during his/her care. As a result, guidelines proposals related to this group of persons are developed based on the six International Goals for the Patient Safety established by the World Health Organization (WHO). In the literature search in databases such as Artemisa online, Pubmed, Scielo, Cochrane Plus, several documents referencing safety strategies for neonatal patients were identified; however, it is important to do more nursing research in order to achieve a safe care for this group of patients.


Subject(s)
Humans , Infant, Newborn
19.
Rev. chil. ultrason ; 15(2): 59-61, 2012. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-712360

ABSTRACT

We are presenting a case of vasa previa diagnosed at 22 week’s gestation and then she started with threatened premature labor on week 27th.In spite of attempted tocolysis, labor continued to painless fully dilatation, spontaneous rupture of membranes, umbilical cord prolapse and unexpectedvaginal delivery of a 760 g baby in good conditions. Gross placental examination was in agreement with ultrasound findings and microscopic study demonstrated chorioamnionitis and funisitis associated to vasa previa and prematurity. We consider series of facts that happened in this case as a continuous risk condition from the morbidity to the epilog like “near miss perinatal case”. We discuss the importance of chance in the resultand we think that the preventive intervention was in the medical management and not in the attention system.


Se presenta un caso clínico de vasa previa diagnosticada con ultrasonido a las 22 semanas que evolucionó con amenaza de parto prematuro en semana 27. Pese a la frenación inicial se produjodilatación completa en forma silenciosa, rotura de membranas, procidencia de cordón y parto vaginal sorpresivo de un prematuro de 760 gramos que tuvoevolución favorable. El examen macroscópico placentario fue concordante con las imágenes observadas con ultrasonido y el estudio histológico confirmó corioamnionitis y funisitis asociadas a la vasa previa y la prematurez. La interpretación de la secuencia de eventos es de un riesgo continuo desde su inicio como morbilidad y su epílogo de probable mortalidad perinatal (“near miss”).Se discute la importancia del azar en la evolución y se concluye que una intervención preventiva estuvo en el ámbito del manejo médico y no en el sistema de atención.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Infant, Newborn , Chorioamnionitis/therapy , Chorioamnionitis , Vasa Previa/therapy , Vasa Previa , Obstetric Labor, Premature , Pregnancy Trimester, Second , Risk , Ultrasonography, Prenatal
20.
Bol. micol ; 26(1): 23-27, dic. 2011. ilus, graf, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-679642

ABSTRACT

Aspergillus niger IB-56 fue usado como biocatalizador para la transformación de naringina en naringenina, un flavonoide de gran importancia en la industria farmacéutica. En el proceso biotecnológico planteado, se obtuvo un rendimiento (Yp/s= 0,4 g/g), productividad (Pv=0,1 g/Lh) y eficiencia del 85 por ciento similar al valor encontrado con naringinasa parcialmente purificada (Yp/s= 0,45 g/g; Pv= 0,12 g/Lh y Ef=92 por ciento). Los costos del proceso son bajos comparados a los ocasionados por la extracción, concentración y purificación de la enzima.


Aspergillus niger IB-56 was used like biocatalizador for the transformation of naringin in naringenin, a flavonoid of great important in the pharmaceutical industry. In the raised biotechnological process, one obtained a yield (Yp/s= 0.4 g/g), productivity (Pv=0.1 g/Lh) and efficiency of 85 percent similar to the value found with naringinase partially purified (Yp/s= 0.45 g/g; Pv= 0.12 g/Lh and Ef=92 percent). The costs of the process low are compared to the caused ones by the extraction, concentration and purification on the enzyme.


Subject(s)
Aspergillus niger/isolation & purification , Catalyzer , Cost-Benefit Analysis , Flavonoids , Spores, Fungal , Temperature
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