ABSTRACT
O estudo da marcha de absorção de nutrientes é de fundamental importância para a nutrição de plantas, visto que além de informar a época (estádio fenológico) que está sendo mais absorvido pela cultura, também sinaliza para os níveis de adubação a serem utilizados. Com o objetivo de estabelecer a marcha de absorção de nitrogênio para a cultura do algodão (Gossypium hirsutum L. r. latifolium Hutch.) conduziu-se um experimento num Argissolo Vermelho Amarelo sob delineamento experimental em blocos casualizados sendo dois tratamentos, semeadura convencional, após preparo do solo e semeadura direta sobre a palha da cultura antecessora (milheto), com cinco repetições. As amostragens foram realizadas em função da fenologia e do desenvolvimento das plantas. O acúmulo de massa seca no algodoeiro herbáceo (variedade NuOpal) é linear e crescente até o período de "maçãs", sendo mais intenso com o aparecimento das flores e maçãs, entre 50 e 100 DAE. O teor de nitrogênio é maior em plantas recém emergidas, possuindo picos no inicio do aparecimento dos botões florais e flores, sendo que a partir do aparecimento das "maçãs, o teor de nitrogênio na planta decresce linearmente. A extração de nitrogênio é acentuada a partir do aparecimento das flores (55 a 60 DAE).
The study of nutrient uptake is of fundamental importance to plant nutrition, as well as tell the time (growth stage) being absorbed by the culture, also signals to the levels of fertilizer to be used. Aiming to establish the uptake of nitrogen for cultivation of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L. r. latifolium Hutch.) led to an experiment in a Alfissol under randomized block design with two treatments, sowing conventional tillage and after tillage on the straw of previous crop (millet), with five replicates. Samples were taken according to the phenology and plants development. The dry matter accumulation in cotton is linear and increasing until the period of large boll, being more intense with the appearance of flowers and boll, or 50 to 100 days after emergence. The nitrogen content is higher in newly emerged plants, having peaks at the beginning of the appearance of squares and flowers, and from the appearance of small boll, the nitrogen content in the plant decreases linearly. The extraction of nitrogen is bigger from the appearance of flowers (55-60 days after emergence).
Subject(s)
Crop Production , Gossypium , Fertilizers , NitrogenABSTRACT
Objetivo Documentar el curso clínico y pronóstico de una cohorte de niños prematuros dados de alta con oxígeno domiciliario en Bogotá, Colombia. Método Cohorte prospectiva de 194 prematuros de 34 o menos semanas de edad gestacional (EG) al nacer, egresados de 12 unidades neonatales con oxígeno suplementario, seguidos hasta la edad corregida de 12 meses para determinar supervivencia, crecimiento, desarrollo y morbilidad. Resultados 49 niños (25,3 %) tenían una oxigenodependencia leve y 145 (74,7 %) moderada-severa. Se presentaron 3 muertes (1,5 %), el estado vital a 40 semanas de EG fue conocido en 169 pacientes (87,1 %) y en 103 (53 %) a 12 meses. La lactancia materna fue exitosa en 147 (75,8 %) niños a 40 semanas. La antropometría al año fue: peso 8 991 g, talla 73 cm y perimetro craneano 46,2 cm. A las 40 semanas y a 3 meses 74,1 % y 22,7 % de la cohorte aún utilizaba oxígeno el cual fue descontinuado en promedio a los109 días postnatales. El 56,8 % de los niños tuvo al menos un reingreso y 47 % por patologías respiratorias. Sólo se tamizó para retinopatía al 71 % y en ellos la incidencia de retinopatía de la prematurez (ROP) fue 38 % con 3 cirugías y 1 niño ciego. Un tamizado neuropsicomotor y sensorial se realizó solamente en 19 % encontrando algún tipo de alteración neuropsicomotriz en 30 %, refractiva en 40 % y auditiva en 5 %. Conclusión Más del 60 % de los niños oxígeno-dependientes fueron dados de alta sin plan de seguimiento estructurado. El problema de los niños oxigenodependientes es complejo y nuestros datos sugieren un gran espacio para mejorar el seguimiento.
Objective Documenting the clinical course and forecast for a concurrent cohort of discharged preterm infants who received home oxygen in Bogota,Colombia. Methods This was a prospective study of a concurrent cohort of 194 newborn infants having 34 weeks gestational age (GA) or less at birth who were born in 12 institutions and followed up for one year of corrected age to assess mortality, morbidity, growth and development. Results Oxygen dependency was mild in 49 infants (25.3 %) and moderate-severe in 145 of them (74.7 %). There were 3 deaths; vital status was known in 169 infants at 40 weeks GA (87.1 %) and 103 (53%) at 1 year. Breast feeding at term was successful in 147 (75.8 %) infants. Growth indices at one year were appropriate (8,991 g weight, 73 cm height and 46.2 cm head circumference) 74.1 % of the cohort were still receiving home oxygen at 40 weeks and and 22.7 % at 3 months and oxygen was discontinued on average on postnatal day 109. 56.8 % of the cohort were readmitted to hospital at least once, 47% of them because of respiratory conditions. Only 71 % had ophthalmological screening and retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) was detected in 38 % of cases (4 severe cases: 3 laser surgery and 1 blind infant). Neuro-psychomotor and sensorial screening tests were only performed on 19 % of the infanys. Conclusion More than 60 % of newborn infants discharged with home oxygen lacked structured follow-up. Oxygen-dependancy in infants is complex; our data suggested that there is plenty of room for improvement in Bogotá in that respect.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia/therapy , Oxygen Inhalation Therapy , Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia/mortality , Colombia , Follow-Up Studies , Infant, Premature , Oxygen Inhalation Therapy/statistics & numerical data , Oxygen Inhalation Therapy , Patient Discharge , Prospective Studies , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
Diseño: Cohorte histórica. Escenario: Programa de seguimiento de recién nacidos de riesgo en un hospital de nivel 1 de complejidad, con una población de estrato socioeconómico bajo de Cali entre 1989 y 1997. Población: Se incluyeron 287 lactantes que completaron un año de seguimiento en el programa. Intervenciones: No aplica. Desenlaces principales: Frecuencia de compromiso neuromotor estimado mediante la prueba de Infanib. Resultados: Al año se evaluaron 80% de los niños que eran parte del programa. En 39 (13.6%) hubo un Apgar anormal a los 5 minutos. En 36 (12.5%) presentaron convulsiones neonatales, asociadas principalmente con asfixia perinatal severa e hipoglicemia. La prueba de Infanib fue anormal en 47 niños para una incidencia acumulada de 16.4% y una densidad de incidencia de 1.3 casos nuevos por 100 lactantes-año. La presencia de convulsiones se asoció con un Infanib anormal (RR crudo = 2.39 IC 95% 1.37-4.16). No hay modificación de efecto entre Apgar bajo y convulsiones. De los potenciales modificadores de efecto sólo el antecedente de meningitis bacteriana confundió el estimativo de la asociación entre convulsiones y un Infanib anormal. Conclusiones: Tanto las convulsiones neonatales como la meningitis bacteriana se asociaron independientemente con un Infanib anormal al año. Las convulsiones son un factor de riesgo importante (RR ajustado = 2.51 IC 95% 1.10-5.72) y fácil de reconocer que permite al clínico identificar pacientes con alto riesgo de compromiso neuromotor durante el primer año de vida.
Objective: To assess the putative association between 5 minutes Apgar score, neonatal seizures and neurodevelopmental delay (Infanib test) performed at 1 year of corrected age. Design: Historic cohort. Setting: A first level hospital in Cali, Colombia (1989 to 1997); Subjects came from a low socioeconomic stratum population. Study subjects: A total of 287 infants who completed the 1 year follow up program were included. Interventions: not applicable Main outcome measures: Incidence (cumulative and density) of neuromotor abnormalities (abnormal Infanib test) at 1 year of age. Results: Compliance with program visits was 80%. Thirty nine (13.6%) infants presented low 5 minutes Apgar score. Thirty six (12.5%) infants presented neonatal seizures, associated mainly with neonatal asphyxia and hypoglicemia. Forty seven infants had an abnormal Infanib test (cumulative incidence 16.4% and incidence density 1.3 new cases per 100 infants-year). A significant association between neonatal seizures and an abnormal Infanib was found (RR crude 2.39 IC 95% 1.37-4.16). Low 5 minutes Apgar score is not an effect modifier neither a confounder of the association between neonatal seizures and an abnormal Infanib. Exploring the presence or absence of effect modification only bacterial meningitis, demonstrated a role as confounder for the association between seizures and Infanib results. Conclusions: Both neonatal seizures and bacterial meningitis were independently associated with abnormal Infanib results. Neonatal seizures are not only an important risk factor (adjusted RR = 2.51 IC 95% 1.10-5.72), but an easily identifiable one that can help the physician taking the medical history to identify patients at high risk for neuromotor abnormalities during the first year of life.