ABSTRACT
Background: Insulin plays a determinant role in the individual metabolic profile. Obesity, the most common cause of insulin resistance (IR), can be diagnosed by body mass index (BMI). Waist circumference (WC), specifically, measures accumulation of abdominal fat. The cardiovascular risk of an individual is strongly related to a combination of abdominal obesity with hypertiiglyceridemia or hypertriglyceridemic waist (HTW). Aim To assess the metabolic profüe of cardovascular risk and RI according to BMI, WC and HTW in adult patients. Material and methods: Weight, height, BMI, blood pressure (BP), WC, HTW, blood glucose, total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, triglycerides and insulin were assessed and IR calculated by the homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) in 63 females aged 46±11 years and 12 males aged 4 7± 10 years. Results: Differences in weight, WC, BP, lipids, glucose, insulin and HOMA, were observed as BMI increased. When patients were grouped according to WC, there were significant differences only in systolic pressure, triglycerides, insulin and HOMA. Individuals with HTW had a more adverse metabolic profüe than those without HTW or with only high WC. A multiple regression equation determined that body mass index, total cholesterol and diastolic blood pressure were independent predictors of insulin resistance. Conclusions: Patients with HTW displayed an unfavorable cardiac risk profile (Rev Méd Chile 2009; 137:1179-86).
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Cardiovascular Diseases/etiology , Hypertriglyceridemia/complications , Insulin Resistance/physiology , Waist Circumference/physiology , Blood Pressure/physiology , Body Mass Index , Epidemiologic Methods , Hypertriglyceridemia/blood , Lipids/blood , Risk Assessment/methods , Risk FactorsABSTRACT
La denominación de granos enteros se adjudica específicamente a cereales como el trigo, arroz, maíz, avena, centeno, cebada, sorgo y mijo. Los granos enteros son ricos en fibra, vitaminas del complejo B, minerales, tocoles, fitonutrientes y antinutrientes. Estudios epidemiológicos demuestran una relación inversa entre las raciones ingeridas diariamente de granos enteros o de alimentos que los contienen y el riesgo de desarrollar enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles como la enfermedad cardiovascular, diabetes tipo 2 y cáncer. El efecto protector parece estar mediado por la acción combinada y sinérgica de los diferentes compuestos encontrados en los granos enteros. La ingesta de granos enteros puede contribuir a elevar la capacidad antioxidante corporal por lo que posiblemente sea uno de los mecanismos a través de los cuales los granos enteros prevengan tales enfermedades. Entre los antioxidantes encontrados en los granos se cuentan los ácidos fenólicos, flavonoides, tocoferol, tocotrienoles, selenio, zinc, fibra soluble y el ácido fítico. Estudios de suplementación en animales han revelado que los antioxidantes de los granos enteros tienen efectos antiaterogénicos y anti-inflamatorios. La recomendación actual de ingerir como mínimo tres raciones diarias de granos enteros está justificada y debe ser difundida ampliamente entre la población desde muy temprana edad.
The whole grain denomination is adjudged specifically to cereals like wheat, rice, maize, oats, rye, barley, sorghum and millet. They are rich in fiber, B vitamins, minerals, tocols, phytonutrients and antinutrients. Epidemiological studies demonstrate an inverse relationship between the daily ingested servings of whole grains or foods that contains them and the risk of developing nontransmissible chronic diseases like cardiovascular disease, type II diabetes and cancer. The protective effect seems to be mediated by the combined and synergistic action of the different compounds found in whole grains. The whole grain ingestion may contribute to elevate the body antioxidant capacity, which it is possible to be one of the mechanisms through wich whole grains prevent these diseases. Between the antioxidants found in grains are phenolic acids, flavonoids, tocopherol, tocotrienols, selenium, zinc, soluble fiber and phytic acid. Studies of supplementation in animals have shown that antioxidants of whole grains have antiatherogenic and anti-inflammatory effects. The present recommendation is to ingest a minimum of three servings of whole grains per day starting at an early age.