Tubular ectasia of the rete testis: diagnostic sonographic features

Tubular ectasia of the rete testis is a benign condition, also known as cystic transformation of the rete testis. It results from dilatation of efferent tubules which causes ectasia and cystic formation. The main significance of this condition is that it must be differentiated from testicular neoplasms. Knowledge of this entity and its associated conditions in addition to recognition of their characteristic sonographic features can aid making appropriate diagnosis and avoid the need for biopsy or orchiectomy. The subject of this study were 12 patients examined for testicular pain, palpable cyst or varicocele, all were examined on presentation by ultrasound, color and power Doppler. Same regimen was used in repeated US follow-up. All the patients showed the classical appearances of multiple cystic tubular structures with absent mass effect and absent capsule. All showed absent flow on color Doppler with no significant changes on follow-up Ultrasound. 5 patients showed bilateral asymmetrical affection. Only one of the 12 patients was referred for post-operative follow-up, none were referred for palpable solid tumor. This regimen allowed proper diagnosis of benign tubular ectasia of the rete testis and hence avoidance of biopsy and orchiectomy

Effectiveness of oral zinc supplementation in the treatment of acute watery diarrhea

To determine the effectiveness of oral zinc supplementation in the treatment of acute watery diarrhea. The duration of episode of diarrhea, rate of maluse of "antidiarrheals" and antibiotics and the acceptability of zinc by the treated children. A randomized control trial. The outpatient clinic of Suez. Canal University Hospital and the urban Primary Health Center [El-Shiekh Zayed] in Ismailia governorate. 90 children aged 2-60 months were enrolled in the study. Children with diarrhea in the intervention group were treated with zinc sulphate [20 mg per day for 14 days] and oral rehydration solution while children in the control group were treated with oral rehydration solution alone zinc supplementation caused a significant reduction in the mean duration of the diarrheal episode it was 3.5 days in the zinc group compared to 4.75 days in control group with statistical significant deference between the two groups. Zinc supplementation also caused significant reduction of the use rate of "antidiarrheals" and antibiotics, the results, showed that 81.6% didn't use them in the zinc group compared to 39% in the control group, however 18.4% used them in the zinc group compared to 61% in the ORS group with significant difference between both group. Oral zinc supplementation, in under five children with acute watery diarrhea is efficacious in reducing the duration of the diarrhea episode, also reducing the maluse of "antidiarrheals" and antibiotics

Assessment of pulmonary functions in chronic renal failure patients with different haemodialysis regimene

In this study of pulmonary function tests in chronic renal failure patients and controls [on thrice/week hemodialysis and on daily dialysis], a restrictive ventilatory disturbance was found as evidenced by decreased forced vital capacity [FVC], decreased forced expiratory volume in first second [FEV1] with peaked expiratory flow rate [PEFR] and forced expiratory flow. There was a significant negative correlation between B. urea, S. creatinine with FEV1, FEF 25-75%, 50% and PEFR. The study showed the effect of daily dialysis, a new growing hemodialysis modality in many centers in the world, that was established to improve the patients' quality of life, many systems and the long-term costs of medications and complications' management. A significant reduction in the restrictive pattern of daily dialysis patients with no obstructive type of pulmonary function tests per se and an improvement in B. urea, but not S. creatinine, were detected

Accidents prevention and first aid practices for school age children

The purpose of this experimental study was to upgrade the knowledge and skills of school age children regarding the accidents prevention and first aid practices. One hundred school age children were selected from four primary schools of El-Demerdash, Ammar Ebn Yaser, El-Shorafa and Emad El-Deen. Participants were asked to fill a questionnaire sheet before and after the implementation of accidents prevention training course as a tool for this study. Observation sheet also filled by the researchers to determine the effect of the first aid practices on those children before and after the implementation. The Appraisal Inventory Scale was also used to assess the children's abilities as a first aiders after their training on first aid practices. Findings reflected the positive effect of the accident prevention and first aid practices for those children. However, the researchers recommended that accident prevention and first aid practices should be implemented in all primary schools and a first aid guide manual should be provided to every school age child in schools

Counseling intervention with children having chronic renal failure on their self-care

This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a therapeutic intervention [counseling] with children having chronic renal failure on their self-care. The sample included 30 children, aged 6-12 years, who have chronic renal failure as a chronic disease. This study showed improvement with significant difference between the period before and after the application of the therapeutic intervention [counseling] sessions. A thorough understanding gained only by listening to those children with chronic illness and their families. To offer appropriate care and support to children with renal failure [chronic illness], procedures of medical and social services need to come to a detailed understanding of the impact of chronic illness and child daily life

Ultra sonographic measurements of the normal liver and spleen among Egyptians 10-50 years old

to determine reference values of ultra sonographic [US] measurements of the normal liver, spleen portal vein, right and left periportal thickness, gall bladder wall thickness and comon bile duct diameter of Egyptians. community-based cross sectional study. Kalama village in Nile Delta, 40 kilometers north of Cairo. 10% systematic sample of people above 10 years of age. Selection criteria included normal clinical examination, normal liver functions by ALT, absence of hepatitis B and C virus markers and liver or spleen pathology by US. organometery of the liver, spleen, portal vein, right and left periportal thickness, gall bladder wall thickness and common bile duct diameter by US. 217 subjects were admitted to the study out of 700 examined. All measured parameters increased with age till 20 years. There was no significant difference in measurements between males and females. The means, standard deviation and 95th percentiles of all measurements were higher than those recorded in other studies. Egyptian norms for US organometery of the liver, spleen, portal vein and gall bladder are different from those of other countries. We suggest that Egyptian sonologists use these norms in routine practice

Biotransformation of alpha santonin

Bacillus cereus UI-1477 was able to convert alpha-santonin into 1,2-dihydrosantonin in a 64% yield. The chemical identity of the obtained metabolite was confirmed by UV, IR, 1D- and 2D-, 1H- and 13C-NMR spectroscopy. Biological evaluation showed a complete loss of both anthelmintic and antimicrobial activity of 1,2-dihydrosantonin in comparison to alpha-santonin

Imaging of undescended testes: a prospective study

Evaluation of various imaging modalities in localizing undescended testes. Prospective study. Fifty patients [74 testes]. Ultrasound [US], computerized tomography [CT], and one testicular venography were performed; 32 testes of 67 had a US examination and were operated upon; 27 testes of 66 had CT examination and were operated upon. The US surgically proven sensitivity was 53.85% with a specificity of 33.33%. The US positive predictive value was 77.78% and the negative predictive value was 14.3%. The CT sensitivity was 95.9% with a specificity of 60%. The positive predictive value of CT was 91.3% and the negative predictive value was 75%. The accuracy of US and CT were 50% and 88.9% respectively. Ultrasound is a good positive test. Patients will have to be considered for CT examination if US is negative. Testicular venography can be used to save the patient from surgical exploration

Assessment of nursing activities related to prevention of nosocomial urinary tract infections in patients with urinary catheter

The purposes of the present study were to assess nursing activities related to urinary catheterization, and to evaluate catheterization as a predisposing factor for urinary tract infection. In order to attain the purposes of the study, 82 patients having a urinary catheter as well as 82 nurses who gave care to these patients were the subjects of the study. An observational checklist was designed to evaluate nurses' activities as regards the process of urinary catheterization. Microbiological urine analysis was done to determine if there is a relationship between catheterization and incidence of urinary tract infection. The study revealed that majority of nurses did not follow principles of asepsis, high percentage of patients have nosocomial urinary tract infection. It is recommended that principles of asepsis should be emphasized with such a procedure to prevent bacterial contamination

relationship between pre-operative anxiety and post operative pain

A correlational study was conducted to investigate the relationship between preoperative anxiety and postoperative pain among patients undergoing abdominal surgery. A sample of 50 patients [29 males and 21 females] were included in the study. Data were collected through the use of a modified Taylor anxiety test to measure preoperative anxiety level, and a modified McGill pain questionnaire to measure postoperative pain level. The study tested two major hypotheses. Firstly, a positive relationship between preoperative anxiety level and postoperative pain was detected, secondly, a significant difference in the correlation coefficient between preoperative anxiety and postoperative pain regarding age and sex of patients was presented. The major results of the study supported the first hypothesis, as well as the second hypothesis regarding to sex of patients but not in relation to age of patients. The study concluded that the higher the preoperative anxiety level, the higher the post- operative pain level among patients undergoing abdominal surgery. The study emphasized the role of the nurse as an educator and as a counsellor to prepare patients preoperatively

effect of combined teaching strategies on psychomotor skill performance of nursing students

The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of combined teaching strategies on psychomotor skill performance of nursing students. Three groups of students [30 in each group] were formulated, each of which was exposed to a different teaching technique. In conclusion, teaching strategies are the materials, persons and events that embody and convey particular conditions. Strategies are direct or indirect. It was observed that there was no significant difference between the three groups in relation to the three methods of combined teaching strategies. This could emphasize than the combination of teaching strategies could be effective not the strategy itself

Coeliac artery compression syndrome

We report a rare case of coeliac artery compression syndrome. The medical presentation, radiological appearance and curative surgical management are discussed. A postoperative angiogram was obtained and compared with the preoperative one. The patient's symptoms were all relieved by surgery

Studies of cell-mediated immunity to different types of implant materials

This study was carried out to evaluate the systemic effect of three different implant materials; silicone rubber, acrylic resin and hydroxylapatite. The results indicated that hydroxylapatite is the material of choice followed by acrylic resin. Silicone rubber induced both specific and non-specific cell-mediated immunity