[Weight gain and food group consumption patterns in pregnant women of north and east hospitals of Tehran]

Considering the important role played by nutrition in pregnancy outcomes weight gain during pregnancy, and overweight/obesity in later life, this study was conducted to assess the weight gain and food consumption patterns in pregnant women of Tehran. This study was a cross-sectional study with quota sampling based on the aim [n=265]. Data collected by a questionnaire, included two sections: Demographic/socio-economic and 24hour dietary recall, completed by expert interviewers. Mothers' height and weight were measured and BMI were computed. Pre-pregnancy weight was obtained from the historical files. Statistical analysis was done using Chi-Square, student and paired t-test, Pearson correlation and regression analysis. Of subjects, 57% were normal weight, 15% underweight, 16% overweight and 12% were obese. Mean weight gain in the overweight and obese groups was higher than the recommended level [p<0.01]; based on FGP recommendations for pregnant women, they consumed less bread/cereals, and milk/dairy products, and more meat/its alternatives, vegetables, fruits, and sweets/fats. The regression model showed that weight gain during pregnancy increased in the number of children and gestational age and decreased with increase in age and pre-pregnancy BMI. Monitoring weight gain during pregnancy, implementing FGP recommendations and awareness regarding about the proper weight gain are the main strategies for preventing post partum overweight/obesity, especially in obese and older women

[Correlation between anthropometric indices at birth and developmental delay in children 4-60 months]

Advancements in medical knowledge and treatment modalities have resulted in increasing the survival rate of high risk infants. This increased number of survivors call attention to future development of these children. After infection and trauma, developmental and behavioral problems are the most common children medical problems. The aim of this study was to determine correlation between anthropometric indices at birth and developmental delay in children 4-60 months that were visited in health services centers affiliated to University of Medical Sciences in 2010. In this descriptive-corrolational study, 401 children 60-4 months that were visited in health services centers affiliated to University of Medical Sciences in 2010 were selected by multistage method. Anthropometric indices of children at birth were collected from their health care records and development status of children was measured by "Ages and Stages Questionnaire". Validity of 0/84 and reliability 0/94 were obtained from pervious study. Data were analyzed by SPPS v 18. The results showed that the average age of children in normal group was 17/33 +/- 13/18 month and in developmental delay group was 29/92 +/- 19/19 month. Most gender in normal group was female [%56] developmental delay group was male [%55/2]. In addition, there were no correlation between height and head circumference at birth and developmental delay. However, birth weight of children with developmental delay were four times lower than birth weight of normal developmental children [p = 0.004, OR = 4]. Factors that lead to intrauterine growth reduction will create many problems in the neonatal period. On the other hand, staying these infants in NICU is longer and lead to presenting disorders in child developmental process

Correlation between anxiety in labor and duration as well as outcome of delivery in women attended to hospitals affiliated to Shahid Beheshti Medical University and Shahid Akbar Abadi Hospital

Delivery is a stressful event. It seems that the cervix of an anxious woman does not dilate easily. The purpose of this study was determine the correlation between anxiety during labor and duration as well as outcome of delivery in women referring to hospitals affiliated to Shahid Behshti Medical University and Shahid Akbar Abadi Hospital. A descriptive correlational design was used. 200 women were selected via a multistage quota sampling in each hospital. A demographic and obstetrical questionnaire, Spielberg's State Trait Anxiety Inventory, and a checklist regarding the condition of the parturient women during hospitalization, duration of labor as well as delivery and Apgar score of the neonate were used for data collection.Data were analysed' using SPSS 16 statistical software. most women experienced moderate anxiety [%53/5].Mean of total time of delivery was 250/87 +/- 150/34 minutes,%94/5 was normal delivery and the mean of apgar score in first minute was 9 and in 5 minute was 10. No significant correlation was found between anxiety in labor room and duration [first, second and third stage] as well as outcome [type and Apgar score] of delivery. Since most women experienced moderate anxiety, midwives and other healthcare workers should consider psychological aspects of mothers in labor rooms and make the atmosphere of these placed favorable addition, preparative educational courses during pregnancy is needed

[Reproductive health status of women referring to addiction centers]

Addiction to drugs and substance abuse is considered a psychosocial health problem. Its prevalence in women has dramatically increased in the past two decades, who are mostly at reproductive age. The aim of this study was to determine the reproductive health status of women referring to addiction centers at Tehran in 2009. In this descriptive study, 200 addicted women were sequentially selected by a nonrandomized sampling method. A questionnaire with items related to demographic information, drug abuse, obstetrical history, menstruation and family planning was used for data collection. Its validity and reliability were achieved by content and test-retest [r=0.98] methods respectively. Opioid and crack were the most common drugs. 34% of cases had started substance abuse between 14-20 years old. The mean of parities was 2.95 +/- 1.83. The outcome of 27.6% of pregnancies was low birth weight with 7% of neonates having physical malformation. 145 women [72.5%] were at reproductive age. 82% had had regular menses before addiction and 91.7% experienced dysmenorrhea in the menstruations. The amount of bleeding and the intervals of cycles had changed after addiction in 45.5% and 33.1% of the subjects respectively. 66.2% of reproductive women with sexual activity used a contraceptive method and withdrawal method was the most common one. According to the results, reproductive health status of addicted women is in need of further assessment and supervision. Therefore, it is recommended to attend more to these women by planning appropriate programs to improve reproductive health services for them