The function of auditory cortex in the elderly using functional near-infrared spectroscopy technology / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

Objective: Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) was used to study the effect of aging on the neuroimaging characteristics of cerebral cortex in the process of speech perception. Method: Thirty-four adults with normal hearing were recruited from March 2021 to June 2021, including 17 in the young group, with 6 males, 11 females, age (32.1±5.0) years, age range 20-39 years. and 17 in the elderly group, with 6 males, 11 females, age (63.2±2.8) years, age range 60-70 years. The test material was the sentence table of the Mandarin Hearing Test in Noise (MHINT). The task state block experiment design was adopted, and the temporal lobe, Broca's area, Wernicke's area, motor cortex were used as regions of interest. Objective brain imaging technology (fNIRS) combined with subjective psychophysical testing method was used to analyze the activation area and degree of cerebral cortex related to auditory speech perception in the elderly and young people under different listening conditions (quiet, signal-to-noise ratio of 10 dB, 5 dB, 0 dB, -5 dB). SPSS 23 software was used for statistical analysis. Result: The activation area and degree of activation in the elderly group were lower than those in the young group under each task condition; The number of activation channels in the young group were significantly more than those in the old group, and the number of activation channels in the left hemisphere were more than those in the right hemisphere, but there was no difference in the number of activation channels. There were more channels affected by age in the left hemisphere than in the right hemisphere. The activation degree of the young group when the signal-to-noise ratio was 0 dB was significantly higher than that of other signal-to-noise ratio conditions (P<0.05), but there was no significant difference in the old group under the five conditions (P>0.05). The speech recognition score of the young group was higher than that of the old group under all conditions. When the quiet and signal-to-noise ratio was 10 dB, the correct score of the two groups was equal or close to 100%. With the gradual decrease of signal-to-noise ratio, there was a significant difference between the two groups when the signal-to-noise ratio was 5 dB. The speech recognition accuracy of the young group decreased significantly when the signal-to-noise ratio was 0 dB, while that of the old group decreased significantly when the signal-to-noise ratio was 5 dB. Conclusions: With the increase of age, the speech perception in noisy environment and the activity of cerebral cortex gradually deteriorate, and the speech dominance hemisphere (left hemisphere) will be significantly affected by aging. The overall activation area and activation degree of the elderly under different speech tasks are lower than those of the young.

Progress on intraoperative condylar positioning techniques in orthognathic surgery / 口腔疾病防治

@#Condylar displacement can lead to temporomandibular joint (TMJ) symptoms and relapse after orthognathic surgery. To minimize condylar displacement, numerous condylar positioning techniques have been applied in clinical practice. To verify the effectiveness of condylar positioning techniques in preventing postoperative TMJ symptoms and relapse, we reviewed the literature related to all types of intraoperative condylar positioning techniques in the past 20 years. According to a literature review, positioning techniques aim to seat the condyles at a preoperative position during surgery and are divided into noncomputer-aided and computer-aided condyle positioning methods. At present, computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing condylar positioning devices (CAD/CAM CPDs) are the most superior positioning methods and are composed of teeth-supported and bone-supported guidance. The sequence of the remaining technology positioning effect from high to low is as follows: CAD/CAM titanium plate positioning > manual positioning > computer-aided navigation system > image positioning system. Different techniques reach considerable accuracy within 1-2 mm and 1°-2° in locating the preoperative condylar position and preventing TMJ symptoms or disorders and surgical relapse to provide a clinical reference for different levels of surgeons and cases. However, this study lacks randomized controlled trials with large samples and long-term follow-up. Future studies should upgrade the current methods, improve the clinical utility, and develop new positioning techniques.

Expressions of plasma cystatin C, D-dimer and hypersensitive C-reactive protein in patients with intracranial progressive hemorrhagic injury after craniocerebral injury, and their clinical significance / Expressões da cistatina C plasmática, dímero D e proteína C reativa hipersensível em pacientes com lesão hemorrágica progressiva intracraniana após trauma crânio-encefálico e seus significados clínicos

ABSTRACT Objective To investigate the expressions of plasma cystatin C (Cys-C), D-dimer (D-D) and hypersensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) in patients with intracranial progressive hemorrhagic injury (IPHI) after craniocerebral injury, and their clinical significance. Methods Forty-two IPHI patients and 20 healthy participants (control) were enrolled. The severity and outcome of IPHI were determined according to the Glasgow Coma Scale and Glasgow Outcome Scale, and the plasma Cys-C, hs-CRP and D-D levels were measured. Results The plasma Cys-C, D-D and hs-CRP levels in the IPHI group were significantly higher than those in the control group (p < 0.01). There were significant differences of plasma Cys-C, D-D and hs-CRP levels among different IPHI patients according to the Glasgow Coma Scale and according to the Glasgow Outcome Scale (all p < 0.05). In the IPHI patients, the plasma Cys-C, D-D and hs-CRP levels were positively correlated with each other (p < 0.001). Conclusion The increase of plasma Cys-C, D-D and hs-CRP levels may be involved in IPHI after craniocerebral injury. The early detection of these indexes may help to understand the severity and outcome of IPHI.

RESUMO Objetivo Investigar as expressões da cistatina C plasmática (Cys-C), dímero-D (D-D) e proteína C-reativa hipersensível (hs-CRP) em pacientes com lesão hemorrágica progressiva intracraniana (IPHI) após lesão craniocerebral e seus significados clínicos. Métodos Quarenta e dois pacientes com IPHI e 20 indivíduos saudáveis (controle) foram incluídos. A gravidade e o resultado do IPHI foram determinados de acordo com a Escala de Coma de Glasgow (GCS) e Escala de Resultados de Glasgow (GOS), e os níveis plasmáticos Cys-C, hs-CRP e D-D foram detectados. Resultados Os níveis plasmáticos de Cys-C, D-D e hs-CRP no grupo IPHI foram significativamente maiores do que no grupo controle (P <0,01). Houve diferença significativa entre os níveis plasmáticos de Cys-C, D-D e hs-CRP entre os diferentes pacientes com IPHI de acordo com a GCS e entre os diferentes pacientes com IPHI de acordo com o GOS, respectivamente (todos P <0,05). Em pacientes com IPHI, os níveis plasmáticos de Cys-C, D-D e hs-CRP foram positivamente correlacionados entre si (P <0,001). Conclusão O aumento dos níveis plasmáticos de Cys-C, D-D e hs-CRP pode estar envolvido no IPHI após trauma crânio-encefálico. A detecção precoce desses índices pode ajudar a entender a gravidade e o resultado do IPHI.

Detection Rate of Central Nervous System Leukemia Can Be Improved by Cell Preservation Solution / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate whether cell preservation solution can prolong the survival time of leukemia cells and increase the survival rate, so as to improve the detection rate of central nervous system leukemia.@*METHODS@#Kasumi cells were added into cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) supernatant with or without cell preservation solution to compare cell viability and biological characteristics at different time point. Wright Giemsa staining was used to compare cell morphology; cell counting, CCK-8 method, and trypan blue staining were used to compare the cell number, and flow cytometry was used to compare the cell viability. The expression of AML-ETO tumor fusion gene was detected by fluorescence quantitative RT-PCR.@*RESULTS@#At different time points (8 h and 24 h), the survival, molecular biological characteristics and RT-PCR result of the cells in CSF with cell preservation solution were significantly better than those in normal cerebrospinal fluid.@*CONCLUSION@#Cell preservation solution can effectively improve the survival time and survival rate of leukemic cells, thereby increase the detection rate of CNS leukemia.

Advances of exosomes in gastric cancer metastasis and their applications in diagnosis / 中国肿瘤临床

Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most resistant malignancy to several treatment strategies. In recent years, the morbidity and mortality of GC has stayed high. Surgical resection remains the main treatment option for GC at present. Although chemotherapy, radiotherapy, immunotherapy, and traditional Chinese medicine are used as adjuvant therapies after surgery, the prognosis and five-year survival rate are still low. Currently, there is no effective method for early diagnosis of GC and thus most patients are diagnosed only when the advanced symptoms appear. Exosomes contain and transfer DNA, RNA, proteins, lipids, and other biological macromole-cules. Several studies have found that exosomes are involved in tumor processes including cell proliferation and metastasis. In particu-lar, the abundant biological macromolecules present in the exosomes reflect the progress of tumor development thereby enabling them as non-invasive diagnostic markers. This provides a new idea for diagnosing GC in early stages. In this review, the contribution of exosomes to GC metastasis and the applications of exosomes in early GC diagnosis are briefly summarized.

Evaluation of the learning curve for transurethral plasmakinetic enucleation and resection of prostate using a mentor-based approach

ABSTRACT Objective To analyze the mentor-based learning curve of one single surgeon with transurethral plasmakinetic enucleation and resection of prostate (PKERP) prospectively. Materials and Methods Ninety consecutive PKERP operations performed by one resident under the supervision of an experienced endourologist were studied. Operations were analyzed in cohorts of 10 cases to determine when a plateau was reached for the variables such as operation efficiency, enucleation efficiency and frequency of mentor advice (FMA). Patient demographic variables, perioperative data, complications and 12-month follow-up data were analyzed and compared with the results of a senior urologist. Results The mean operative efficiency and enucleation efficiency increased from a mean of 0.49±0.09g/min and 1.11±0.28g/min for the first 10 procedures to a mean of 0.63±0.08g/min and 1.62±0.36g/min for case numbers 31-40 (p=0.003 and p=0.002). The mean value of FMA decreased from a mean of 6.7±1.5 for the first 10 procedures to a mean of 2.8±1.2 for case numbers 31-40 (p<0.01). The senior urologist had a mean operative efficiency and enucleation efficiency equivalent to those of the senior resident after 40 cases. There was significant improvement in 3, 6 and 12 month’s parameter compared with preoperative values (p<0.001). Conclusions PKERP can be performed safely and efficiently even during the initial learning curve of the surgeon when closely mentored. Further well-designed trials with several surgeons are needed to confirm the results.

Baseline HBV Load Increases the Risk of Anti-tuberculous Drug-induced Hepatitis Flares in Patients with Tuberculosis / 华中科技大学学报（医学）（英德文版）

Hepatitis associated anti-tuberculous treatment (HATT) has been a main obstacle in managing patients co-infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis and hepatitis B virus (HBV).Therefore,we evaluated the factors related to the severity of adverse effects during HATT,especially those associated with liver failure.A retrospective study was carried out at Tongji Hospital from 2007 to 2012.Increases in serum transaminase levels of＞3,5,and 10 times the upper limit of normal (ULN) were used to define liver damage as mild,moderate,and severe,respectively.Patients with elevated total bilirubin (TBil) levels that were more than 10 times the ULN (＞171 μrnol/L) with or without decreased (＜40％) prothrombin activity (PTA) were diagnosed with liver failure.A cohort of 87 patients was analyzed.The incidence of liver damage and liver failure was 59.8％ (n=52) and 25.3％ (n=22),respectively.The following variables were correlated with the severity of hepatotoxicity:albumin (ALB) levels,PTA,platelet counts (PLT),and the use of antiretroviral therapies (P＜0.05).Hypo-proteinemia and antiretroviral therapy were significantly associated with liver failure,and high viral loads were a significant risk factor with an odds ratio (OR) of 2.066.Judicious follow-up of clinical conditions,liver function tests,and coagulation function,especially in patients with high HBV loads and hypoalbuminemia is recommended.It may be advisable to reconsider the use of antiviral drugs failure during the course of anti-tuberculous treatment of HBV infection patients to avoid the occurrence of furious liver failure.

Applied Value of Monitoring Serum Hepcidin in Differential Diagnosis of Infection versus Tumor Fevers / 华中科技大学学报（医学）（英德文版）

The applied value of serum hepcidin in differential diagnosis of infection fevers versus tumor fevers was explored.A total of 432 fever patients were selected according to the domestic fever of unknown origin (FUO) diagnostic criteria from our hospital between June 2010 and November 2013.Venous blood samples were taken on the day 1,5,10 after admission.The infection group (98 cases) and the tumor group (50 cases) were set up based on the clinical and laboratory findings.ELISA was used to determine the serum hepcidin and IL-6 levels.SPSS 13.0 was used for statistical analysis.Hepcidin showed obvious descending trend on the 10th day in both the bacterial infection group (66 cases) and the virus infection group (32 cases),and the descending trend was similar to that of inflammatory indexes such as procalcitonin (PCT),hypersensitive C-reactive protein (h-CRP),erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR),white blood cell (WBC),and ferritin.Serum hepcidin showed no obvious differences in the tumor group on the day 1,5,10 after admission.In the infection groups,serum hepcidin was positively correlated with IL-6 (r=0.687,P=0.000) and CRP (r=0.487,P=0.026),but had a poor correlation with blood sedimentation,ferritin,PCT and WBC (P＞0.05).Monitoring dynamic changes of hepcidin and related inflammatory factors in patients with fever is expected to be used for clinical identification of infection fever and tumor fever.

The expression of LASS2 in bladder cancer and its relationship with tumor proliferation and apoptosis in nude mice / 医学研究生学报

Objective Bladder cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors involving urinary system , yet its pathogene-sis has not been fully and thoroughly studied .The study aimed to de-tect the expression of LASS 2 in bladder cancer model of nude mice and investigate the relationship of LASS 2 with tumor proliferation and apoptosis as well as its possible molecular mechanism . Methods Tumor development in nude mice was observed through the establish-ment of orthotopic bladder cancer model by transplantation , bladder cancer metastasis model by subcutaneous injection and blank con-trol group.LASS2 expression and changes in proliferation and apoptosis were detected in tumor tissues of different parts . Results Bladder cancer cell injected subcutaneously metastasis model tumor formation rate of 100%.The two models were not found transfer phenomenon in vivo.Compared with blank control group (81.0%), LASS2 expression (60.0%, 14.0%) was significantly decreased in the inoculated group and subcutaneous implantation group ( P<0.05) .Compared with the blank control group ( 16.0%) , the expression of Ki67 in the inoculated group and subcutaneous implantation group increased (50.0%and 78.0%) (P<0.05).Compared with the in situ perfusion group, the expression of LASS2 (14.0%) was significantly decreased (P<0.05) and the expression of Ki67 (78.0%) was increased (P<0.05).Compared with the blank control group , the expression of Bcl-2 in subcutaneous implantation group and in si-tu perfusion group was significantly increased ( P<0.05) .Compared with the subcutaneous implantation group , the expression of Bcl-2 was increased in the in situ perfusion group ( P<0.05) , while the expression of Bcl-x1 in the in situ implanted tumor was higher than that in the other two groups (P<0.05).The expression level of Bax and caspase3 in each group was not statistically significant (P>0.05) .Compared with the blank control group , the expression of Bim was significantly decreased in the subcutaneous implantation group (P<0.05). Conclusion The expression of LASS2 may be related to the tumorigenicity , proliferation and apoptosis in EJ blad-der cancer cells .

Correlation Study Between Autoantibodies to Myocardium β1-adrenergic Receptor, M2-muscarinic Receptor and Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy / 中国循环杂志

Objective: To study the relationship between autoantibodies to myocardium β1-adrenergic receptor (β1-receptor), M2-muscarinic receptor (M2-receptor) and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) in relevant patients. Methods: Our research included in 2 groups: HCM group, n=81 patients and Control group, n=50 normal subjects. Synthetic peptides corresponding to amino acid sequence of second extracellular loops of β1-receptor and M2-receptor were used as antigens, ELISA was conducted to detect serum autoantibodies to β1-receptor and M2-receptor in both groups. Results: ① Compared with Control group, HCM group had the higher positive rates of autoantibodies as for β1-receptor was 58.02% (47/81) vs 12.00% (6/50) and for M2-receptor was 44.44 % (36/81) vs 10.00% (5/50), both P<0.05. ② Compared with Control group, HCM group had the higher mean geometric titers of autoantibodies as for β1-receptor was 1:85 vs 1:36 and for M2-receptor was 1:80 vs 1:35, both P<0.05. ③ In HCM group, 43.48 % patients with positive autoantibody to β1-receptor meanwhile have autoantibody to M2-receptor. Conclusion: HCM patients having both autoantibodies to β1-receptor and M2-receptor might be related to cardiac structure change and diastolic function decreasing. Both positive antibodies implies that immunological mechanism has been involved in pathophysiological process in HCM patients.

Extraperitoneal versus transperitoneal laparoscopic radical cystectomy for selected elderly bladder cancer patients: a single center experience

ABSTRACT Objective: This study reports the initial experience of extraperitoneal laparoscopic radical cystectomy (ELRC) and compared with transperitoneal laparoscopic radical cystectomy (TLRC) in the treatment of selected elderly bladder cancer patients. Patients and Methods: A total of forty male bladder cancer patients who underwent ELRC (n=19) or TLRC (n=21) with ureterocutaneostomy were investigated. Demographic parameters, perioperative variables, oncological outcomes and follow-up data were retrospectively analyzed. Results: A significantly shorter time to exsufflation (1.5±0.7 vs 2.1±1.1 d; p=0.026) and liquid intake (1.8±0.9 vs 2.8±1.9 d; p=0.035) were observed in the ELRC group compared with the TLRC group. The incidence of postoperative ileus in the ELRC group was lower than the TLRC group (0 vs 9.5%). However, the difference had no statistical significance (p>0.05). The removed lymph node number in the ELRC group was significantly lower than the TLRC group (p<0.001). No significant differences were observed between the two groups in the overall and cancer-free survival rates (p>0.05). Conclusions: ELRC seems to be a safe and feasible surgical strategy for the selected elderly bladder cancer patients with ≤ T2 disease. The surgical and oncological efficacy of the ELRC is similar to that of the TLRC, but with faster intestinal function recovery. Further studies with a large series including different urinary diversions are needed to confirm our results and to better evaluate the benefit of ELRC in bladder cancer patients.

Impact of diabetes mellitus on pacing parameters and complications in patients with implantation of ;permanent artificial cardiac pacemaker / 心血管康复医学杂志

Objective:To observe the impact of diabetes mellitus (DM)on pacing parameters and postoperative com-plications in patients With implantation of permanent artificial cardiac pacemaker.Methods:A total of 80 patients With sick sinus syndrome,Who received implantation of permanent artificial cardiac pacemaker from Jun 2008 to Jun 2011,Were enrolled.According to complicated With DM or not,they Were divided into DM group (n=40)and non-DM control group (n=40).Pacing parameters and postoperative complications Were compared betWeen tWo groups.Results:There Were no significant difference in atrial and ventricular pacing threshold,sensing and of pace-maker impedance in baseline betWeen tWo groups (P>0.05).All parameters of pacemaker increased in tWo groups after implantation 12 months;compared With non-DM control group,there Were significant increase in pacing threshold [atrial:(0.59±0.23)V vs.(0.67±0.25)V,ventricular:(0.47±0.28)V vs.(0.54±0.35)V],sens-ing [atrial:(2.33±1.16)mV vs.(2.92±1.36)mV,ventricular:(12.21±4.82)mV vs.(12.77±5.36)mV], impedance [atrial:(537.12±115.32)Ωvs.(662.48±235.26)Ω,ventricular:(602.48±222.46)Ωvs.(762.41± 235.38)Ω]of pacemaker in DM group,P<0.05 or <0.01;and incidence rate of postoperative complications (12.5%)in DM group Was significantly higher than that of non-DM control group (5%),P<0.05.Conclusion:Electrocardiographic reconstruction is more severe in SSS patients complicated DM,in these patients postoperative complication incidence significantly elevates.

Ligustrazine fought against cisplatin induced ototoxicity in guinea pigs / 中国中西医结合杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the protective effect of Ligustrazine Injection (LI) against cisplatin-induced ototoxicity and to explore its mechanism.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Thirty healthy adult guinea pigs were randomly divided into three groups, 10 in each group, i.e., the normal control group, the cisplatin group, and the LI group. Guinea pigs in the normal control group were intraperitoneally injected with normal saline at 3 mL/kg for 7 consecutive days. Those in the cisplatin group were intraperitoneally injected with cisplatin at 3 mg/kg for 7 consecutive days. Those in the LI group were intraperitoneally injected with LI at 140 mg/kg for 7 days, but cisplatin (3 mg/kg) was intraperitoneally injected from the opposite side starting from the 4th day. Brainstem auditory evoked potential (BAEP) was performed in all animals before and after injection. All animals were sacrificed after the final testing under anesthesia and their cochleas collected. Half the cochleas of each group were collected for silver nitrate staining of cochlear basilar membrane stretched. The other half the cochleas of each group made into paraffin sections to observe the apoptosis of cochlea cells by TUNEL method and the expression levels of c-Jun detected by immunohistochemistry.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>There was no statistical difference in the difference of BAEP threshold among the 3 groups before injection (P > 0.05), but the BAEP threshold increased in the cisplatin group and the LI group (P < 0.05). Besides, it was higher in the cisplatin group (P < 0.05). In the cisplatin group, most hair cells were missing, spiral ganglion cells obviously decreased, more TUNEL positive cells occurred, and the expression of c-Jun was stronger. But the aforesaid impairment in the LI group was obviously lessened (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>LI showed certain antagonist effect on cisplatin-induced ototoxicity. Its mechanism might be associated with scavenging oxygen radicals of the cochlea tissue, improving the microcirculation, and fighting against apoptosis.</p>

Plant regeneration and Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of Achyranthes bidentata using cotton EREBP gene

The aim of this work was to study the plant regeneration and Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of Achyranthes bidentata using cotton EREBP gene. Results showed that the callus induction rate of stems from A. bidentata was the highest (100%) and bud was in approximately 70% of calli from stems. However bud differentiation rate of the callus from leaves and petioles was very low. Compared with ceftriaxone, 200mg/L cefotaxime could completely control Agrobacterium tumefaciens and had relatively less toxic action on the stems of A. bidentata. In addition, the induction rate of callus resistant to hygromycin was the highest when infected for 3 min and co-cultivated for 3 d. Six positive transgenic plants transformed with pCAMBIA1304-GhEREB2 expression vector were obtained and confirmed by PCR. The expression of target gene GhEREB2 was detected in five transgenic plants by RT-PCR. In brief, an efficient system of genetic transformation and plant regeneration was established for A. bidentata.

Exposure to avian influenza virus and the infection status of virus among people breeding or butchering ducks in the suburb of Beijing / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To understand the exposure and the infection status of virus among people engaging in breeding or butchering ducks in the suburb of Beijing.Methods People from six districts (Daxing,Fangshan,Huairou,Miyun,Shunyi,Tongzhou) who engaged in breeding or butchering ducks were studied and the status of infecting avian influenza virus was obtained by testing antibody level in serum.Information on demographic characteristics,status of regular exposure and exposure to sick or dead poultry were collected through a self-designed questionnaire.Results 1741people were involved in this study in which 313 (18.0％ ) were workers in duck-breeding enterprise,562 (32.3％) were workers in duck slaughterhouse,261 (15.0％) farmers were in individualsmall-scale duck farms,605 (34.7％) were farmers raising duck in backyard.Among farmers raising duck in backyard,the percentage of people whose ducks ever contacted with wild birds was higher than the other three groups (66.8％)(P＜0.05).Among farmers who bred their ducks in the backyard (35.2％) and those abattoir workers (31.3％ ),the percentage of people who had contacted ducks but not been vaccinated with avian influenza vaccine was higher than the other two groups (P＜0.05).Regarding the status on cleaning and disinfection among the studied farmers who had bred their ducks in the backyard,the percentage of people who had closer contact with ducks would clean the settings more than 4 times per month (8.8％) and disinfected those places more than 12 times per year (27.3％) but still lower than the other three groups (P＜0.05).Among those farmers who bred ducks in the backyard,the percentage of people who had ever touched duck with their hands was high (34.4％) (P＜ 0.05).Regarding exposure to sick or dead poultry,higher proportion was found among those who had ever closely contacted sick or dead poultry commercial duck raisers (36.1％) and individuals who raise large amount of ducks (36.0％).70.8％ of the individual duck raisers had never taken any protective measures when closely contacting the sick or dead poultry.Among 1741 samples,0 were positive to avian influenza virus H5 and H7 subtypes.12 were positive to H9 subtype (positive rate was 0.7％ ),in which 10 were farmers raising ducks in backyard (the positive rate of 1.7％ ).Differences between H9 subtype antibody positive rates difference in 4 population groups were statistically significant (x2=13.699,P＜0.05).Conclusion Farmers who bred their ducks in the backyard had greater risk of contracting the avian influenza.Individual duckers who raise ducks in large scale and the farmers who bred their ducks in the backyard were in lack of protective measures when contacting the sick or dead poultry.Our findings suggested that some intervention measures should be taken to reduce the risk of avian influenza infection.

Step Fisher discriminant analysis on severe clinical features of hand foot and mouth disease between enterovirus (EV)71 and other EV / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To compare the clinical features of severe hand foot and mouth disease between enterovirus(EV)71 and other EV to find specific diagnosis index of EV71 severe hand foot and mouth disease.Methods Case definition were adopted from national guideline of hand foot and mouth disease diagnose(Version 2010).Clinical data of severe hand foot and mouth disease came from case history and contents of questionnaire would include the ones between the time of onset and diagnoses being made.EV and EV71,Cox A16 nucleic acid tested were by RT-PCR in stopl samples.Clinical features of severe hand foot and mouth disease between EV71 and other EV were compare.Results There appeared statistical differences between neurologic symptoms such as tremor,myoclonic jerk,listlessness,convulsion and white blood cell counts in CSF(P<0.05).Results from the step Fisher discriminant analysis showed only tremor and white blood cell had an increase in CSF,with statistically significant differences.The discriminant equation of EV71 was Y=3.059X1+3.83X5-2.742 and the equation of other EV was Y=1.634X1+1.623X5-1.693.The specificity of EV71 was 91% and the specificity of other EV Was 40%.Conclusion The increase of clinical features of tremor and white blood cell in CSF could be used as diagnosis index of severe EV71.

Preventive effects of cerebro cellular growth peptide on gentamycin-induced inner ear damage in guinea pigs / 中国应用生理学杂志

<p><b>AIM</b>To investigate the preventive effects of the cerebro cellular growth peptide (CCGP) on gentamycin-induced inner ear damage in guinea pigs, and to clarify its mechanism.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The hypoacusis severity and enzymatic activity in the cochlear hair cells were examined by brainstem auditory evoked potential (BAEP) and histochemistry, respectively. The damaged hair cells was counted in three groups.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>CCGP reduced the elevated BAEP reaction thresholds. It protected activities of mitochondrial succinate dehydrogenase and lysosome acid phosphatase in the cochlear hair cells. The number of damaged hair cells in the CCGP group was less than that in the gentamycin (GM) group.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>CCGP can reduce GM ototoxicity. The mechanism may be associated with the protective activity of mitochondrial enzyme, the maintenance of lysosome intactness, energy metabolism of the cochlear hair cells, and reduction of autolysis of hair cells induced by hydrolase over flowing from lysosome.</p>