Why Schistosomiasis mansoni is still highly pervalent in rural ezbas in Kafr El Sheikh, Egypt?

The present study was performed to determine the possible risk factors for the high prevalence of schistosomiasis in ezbas [satellites and Hamlets] than a mother village [Ebshan], Kafr El-Sheikh Governorate. This work included a cross sectional descriptive study. All the inhabitants above 2 years [4780] of 10 ezbas and a systematic random sample from the mother village [5000] were included in the study. Both were subjected to stool analysis by Kato-Katz technique. A case control study was also done, where schistosomal cases from all ezbas [704] as well as age and sex matched controls [705] from the mother village were subjected to a questionnaire compiling the sociodemographic data, housing environment, knowledge, attitudes and practices [KAP] about schistosomiasis as well as water contact behavior. History taking and thorough clinical examination were done and abdominal ultrasonography was performed for a random sample. Malacological studies of the snail Biomphalaria alexandrina were carried out in all water channels. Several social, cultural, behavioral and economic factors and local environmental and ecological factors differ from ezbas and the mother village, which is urbanized nowadays, may explain the high prevalence and intensity of schistosomiasis in ezbas, Kafr El-Sheikh. A modification of the National Schistosomiasis Control Project was recommended for more concern towards the numerous ezbas, which still have a high prevalence and intensity of schistosomiasis with its typical old rural pattern with a wide spread scattered geographical distribution more than the mother villages that had become urbanized with low prevalence and intensity of schistosomiasis nowadays

Prevalence and risk factors of diabetes mellitus in an Egyptian village

A cross sectional survey, by a past history of diabetes mellitus or treatment, was done on children and adolescents group of 1768 patients [5- <20 years] screened for the asymptomatic glucosuria and confirmed by the measurement of fasting serum glucose two hours after 75 g oral glucose load. The pregnant cases [N = 172] were subjected to a glucose challenge test with a 50 glucose load. The adults >20 years [N = 2409] were screened by a random capillary glucose testing and those with 5.6 mmol/l were subjected to the measurement of fasting serum glucose and serum glucose two hours after 75 g oral glucose load. All diagnosed cases were subjected to a questionnaire interview covering the possible risk factors according to the type of diabetes. A case control study was done, where the diagnosed NIDDM [142] and impaired glucose tolerance [IGT] [55] cases as well as an age and sex matched nondiabetic control group [205] were subjected to a questionnaire interview, estimation of body mass index, determination of sedentary lifestyle and HCV antibody determination. A comparative study between the controlled [hemoglobin A1c <7%] and uncontrolled [hemoglobin A1c >7%] previously diagnosed NIDDM and IGT patients was done. These cases were subjected to KAP study for the management of the disease, clinical examination with a special reference to cardiovascular and neurological examination and an examination of the ocular fundi, any other diabetic complication and lipid profile study