Intimate partner violence during pregnancy and its outcome

Objective: To determine the predictive relationship of violence by intimate partner specifically during pregnancy with stress, anxiety, depression in postnatal period

Study Design: Cross sectional study

Place and Duration of Study: This study was conducted at Jinnah Medical and Dental College [JMDC] Karachi, from Jan 2016 to Jun 2016

Material and Methods: Sample of present study consisted of 70 women between 18 to 40 years with mean age of 26.02 +/- 5.5 years. Demographic information form, Karachi domestic violence scale, and depression, anxiety, stress scale were administered after 1 to 2 weeks of delivery

Results: The study identified that violence against women prevailed was found 32.9 percent. Regression analysis showed that violence against women during pregnancy has 23.4 percent variation in scores of depression, 17.5 percent variations in scores of anxiety domain, and 5.8 percent variation in scores of stress

Conclusion: Keeping in view the intimate partner violence prevalence against women during pregnancy and its adverse impact on the mental health of women, it is suggested to include screening program at perinatal clinics to identify at risk women to provide further clinical services to preclude negative outcomes

Adaptation and psychometric properties of the forms of self criticizing/attacking and self-reassuring scale

The objective of this study was to translate and adapt Forms of Self Criticizing/Attacking and Self-Reassuring Scale [FSCRS] in Urdu language as well as to establish the psychometric properties of translated version of FSCRS. After following the standardized procedure of adaptation, psychometric properties were assessed by administering Urdu version of FSCRS on a sample of 245 adult students. The age of the participants ranged from 18 to 25 years with the mean age of 21.2 years. Demographic Information Form, Urdu version of Forms of Self Criticizing/Attacking and Self-Reassuring, Siddique-Shah Depression Scale and Interaction Anxiousness Scale were used. To establish psychometric properties, Cronbach's alpha and Pear son Product Moment Coefficient of Correlation were used. Internal consistency of three factors of FSRCS included Inadequate Self, Reassure Self, and Hated Self was .68, .70 and .51 respectively. Association of subscales of FSCRS with Siddique-Shah Depression scale and Interaction Anxiousness Scale was found significant. It is concluded that Urdu version of FSCRS is found to be reliable and valid measure to use with Pakistani adult population

Gender differences in factors associated with suicidal ideation among adolescents

The objectives of study were: to examine the gender differences in suicidal ideation and associated risk factors, and to identify the contributing factors to suicidal ideation for male and female adolescents. The 545 students [208 males and 337 females] with age range of 16 to 19 years, were administered Personal Information Form, Urdu translated versions of Positive and Negative Suicide Ideation Inventory, Aga Khan University Anxiety and Depression Scale, Beck Hopelessness Scale, Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, Social Support Questionnaire, and Religious Coping Scale. The t-test indicated gender difference on suicidal ideation and symptoms of anxiety-depression. Binary logistic regression analysis showed that nuclear family system, diagnosis of physical/ mental illness in family members, suicide attempts by friends, symptoms of anxiety-depression, level of satisfaction with social support, and negative religious coping are significantly increasing odd ratios for both gender. Suicide attempt in past, and by family members, and hopelessness emerged as significant contributing factors of suicidal ideation among females. Self-esteem appeared to be factor behind increased odd ratios of suicidal ideation for males. Implications of the study are suggested

Translation and adaptation of perceived social self efficacy scale [PSSE]

The objective of the present study is to adapt the scale of Perceived Social Self-Efficacy [PSSE; Smith and Betz, 2000] in Urdu [national language of Pakistan] and to estimate the reliability of Urdu version of Perceived Social Self-Efficacy. The process of translation included Expert Panel approach, Forward translation and Back translation. Linguistic equivalence of the translated version of Perceived Social Self-Efficacy was checked on a sample of bilingual adolescent students. Moreover reliability of scale was established on a sample of adolescent students with the age range of 16-l9yrs, mean age 17.09yrs. High degree of Cronbach alpha of Urdu version was found on the sample of 67 adolescent students with coefficient alpha .902. Test retest reliability over one week interval was r=.887 significant at .01 level. Translated version was found reliable in Pakistan. Implications and recommendation for future researches are discussed